GENDER & SOCIETY

Lec 1/ Mid 2ND Sem

SOGIESC ● Each peorsons deeply felt internal
● Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and individual experience of gender
Expression and Sex Characteristics ● Who am i
Sexual orientation Gender identity are categorized according to 2
● Persons emotional/sexual attraction to 1. Cisgender
others 2. Transgender
● Enduring pattern of romantic/sexual Cisgender
attraction to ooposite sex, same sex, or ● Gender and assigned sex are the same
both sex ● Cis - meaning same
● Refer to each persons capacity for ● ex: man at birth & identifies as man
emotional, affectional, sexual attraction to Transgender
intimate sexual relations ● Gender and assigned sex are different
● Who am i attracted to? ● Trans- meaning different
5 categories of sexual orientation Trans
1. Heterosexual ● An umbrella term for people whose
2. Homosexual gender identity differs from what assigned
3. Bisexual at birth
4. Asexual ● An identitythat someone chooses for
5. Pansexual themselves & not something u can tell
Heterosexual Trans*
● Attracted to different gender ● umbrella term for transsexual & transgender
● Straight ● asterisk act as wildcard
● Man attracted to woman, woman Belief
attracted to man ● Brains way of understanding the world
Homosexual ● Enable a person to navigate complicated
● Attracted to same gender world
● lesbian & gay LGBTQIA
Bisexual Lesbians
● Attracted to both men & women ● Women attracted to women
Asexual Gay
● People w/out sexual feelings/association ● Can be Man attracted to man & women
● Still have attraction but it doesnt need to attracted to women
have sexual feelings Bisexual
Pansexual ● Experiencing attraction solely to some
● Attracted to all genders men & women
● called omnisexuality ● Has Attraction to their gender and other
omnisexuality gender
● Sexual, romantic, emotional attraction Transsexuals
towars people regardless of gender ● identifies psychologically as gender/sex
Gender identity other than the one which assigned to their
● All about how u think about yourself birth
● How you internally interpret the chemistry ● Often wish to transform their bodies to
that composes you match inner sex/gender
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Lec 1/ Mid 2ND Sem
Intersex
● Less common combination of hormones
that used to assign sex at birth
Queer
● People do not ascribe to particular sexual
orientation
Questioning
● People who are in process of exploring
their gender identity
Ally
● Person who supports members of LGBTQIA
Gender expression
● How you demonstrate gender through the Belief systems
ways you act, behave, dress ● Create & enforce social structure
● how a person publicly present their gender Social structure
4 Categories of Gender expression ● Particular arrangement of interrelated
1. Feminine institutions agencies & social patterns
2. Masculine Patriarchy
3. Androgynous ● Power of father as head of household
4. Gender neutral ● Systematic organization of male
Feminine supremacy
● Has qualities & characteristics associated ● System of power relations which are
with woman hierarchal where men control womens
Masculine sexuality production & reproduction
● Has qualities & characteristics associated What men control in patriarchal system?
with man 1. Womens productive power
2. Womens reproduction
Androgynous 3. Womens sexuality
● qualities & characteristicscombination of 4. Womens mobility
man & woman 5. Property and other economic resources
Gender neutral Womens productive power
● qualities & characteristics differ form ● Within household & paid work
associated with man & woman Womens reproduction
two -spirit(ed) ● Women cannot decide how many
● person w/ fuid gender identity/ children gthey will have
transgender identity Womens sexuality
Gender independent/gender creative ● Women are obliged to provide sexual
● children who do not conform to service to husband
conventionally gendered behavior ● Control how they dress, behavior &
GENDERBREAD person mobility
● Diagram help us understand gender & Womens mobility
sexuality, & parts that make up both ● Restriction of leaving the house
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Lec 1/ Mid 2ND Sem
Property and other economic resources Benevolent
● Most property & asset are passed from ● Belief that women has purity & morality but
father to son men dont
Characteristics of a patriarchal system ● Women should be treated like princess
1. Male dominance Ambivalent
2. Male identification ● Having mixed feelings
3. Male centered ● Treat women inferior, in affectionate way
4. Men must be in controlled at all times ● Belief that women needs man’s help
Male dominance ,protection
● Men make all the decisions Ambivalent sexism
Male identification ● Belief that women are worthy of love &
● Concerned w/ strength forcefulness, respect while others deserve bad
rationality & strong work ethic competiveness treatment
Male centered ● Ex: man is respectful to mother but not to
● men are center of activity to move society other women
forward Institutional sexism
● men are focus of events , inventions where ● When society provides diff opportunities &
men are heroes benefits for one sex over the other
Men must be in controlled at all times 4 areas in modern society where institutional
● Men control all family & social situations sexism found
like finances & education 1. At work
Patrilocal residence 2. At home
● custom where the couple settles near 3. In politics
men’s family 4. In the military
Sexism At work
● prejudice/discrimination based on persons ● Men hold higher position in office
sex and gender against women ● Men are engineers, pilots while women are
● Belief that women are inferior to men secretaries, teacher, receptionist
Types of sexism ● Men get promoted in higher position while
1. Old fashioned sexism women dont also called glass ceiling
2. Modern At home
3. Hostile ● Taking care of family is responsibility of
4. Benevolent women
5. Ambivalent Second shift
Old fashioned sexism ● Also known as Double burden
● Belief that men are superior than women ● Additional workload of person w/ income
Modern also expected to do domestic labor w/out
● Belief that men & women today are equal pay
and those who complain are hostile In politics
toward men ● One area disparity between gender
Hostile ● President in Ph 2 are female & 14 are male
● Contemp towards women In the military
● Belief that women are whiny ● Belief that women cant be in the military
bcs they belived that women are scared
GENDER & SOCIETY
Lec 1/ Mid 2ND Sem
Feminism Liberal feminism
● Political, cultural movement to establish ● Argues that society has false belief that
equal rights & legal proetctio for women women by nature are intellectually &
Feminist physically incapable compared to men
● Person who support feminism
Charles fourier Radical feminism
● credited w/ having originated the word ● Asserts that defining women oppression is
feminism male controlled capitalist hierarchy
Feminist movement 3 waves 2 subtypes
First wave a. Radical-libertarian feminism
● Focused on right to equal contract & ● Womans capacity to give birth as well as
property rights sex & responsibilities limits her ability to
● called abolition of chattel marriage achieve full potential
● Political rights, right to vote B. Radical cultural feminism
● Sexual, reproductive, economic rights ● Embraces everything women as well as
chattel marriage values & importance of female qualities
● marriage where husband legally owned Marxist feminism
wife as w/ slavery ● Incorporated views of social justice &
Second Wave socio-economic disparity
● Ending discrimination of women ● Claim that the only ay tod estroy feminism
● Slogan: personal is Political coined by is to destroy capitalist society
Carol Hanisch Existential feminism
Third wave ● Women are not powerless & does not
● Emerged mid 1990, unfinished work of 2nd need to depend on male-female
wave relationship
● Challenge & avoid what deemed to 2nd ● Prostitution empowers women & escape
wave dependency on men
● Womens experiences vary in form & Multicultural feminism
intensity ● Every woman has different intersecting
● Race,class,religion & nationality are identities & not alike w/ other women
significant factors Cultural feminism
Feminist theory ● There are fundamental personality
● Branch of sociology moved its assumption differences between men & women &
analysis focus away from traditional womens differences are distinctive
viewpoints that were produced by men Eco-feminism
Types of feminist theory ● there is a connectioj between destruction
1. Liberal feminism of environment & exploitation of women
2. Radical feminism by patriarchy
3. marxist feminism Queer theory
4. Existential feminism ● Framework of ideas that says identities are
5. Multicultural feminism not stable & determined
6. Cultural feminism Core theorists
7. Eco-feminism 1. Teresa de Lauretis
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Lec 1/ Mid 2ND Sem
2. Michel Foucalt ● Right to life, freedom from violence &
3. Eve Sedwick torture
4. Judith Butler Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Teresa de Lauretis ● Enjoyment of economic, social & cultural
● Coined the term queer theory rights
Rights to expression, opinion and Association
Michel Foucalt ● freedom to express oneself, ones identity &
● Prominent figure in french thought right to participate in events
● his work is fundamental in development of
queer theory
Freedom of Movement and Asylum
● explain views without defined object
● Right to seek asylum from persecution
● Refused the idea that authority could
based on sexual orientattion
define sexualituy
Rights of particiption in cultural and family life
● Argued that sexuality is not inherent
● Right to participate in family life, public
personal attribute
affairs & cultural life
Eve Sedwick
Right of human rights defenders
● American academic scholar
● Right to defend & promote human right
● Author of Epistemology of Closet
w/out discrimination on sexual orientation
● Talk about social crisis created by defining
sexuality
Right to Redress and accountability
Judith Butler ● Held violators accountable, ensure redress

● American philosopher & gender theorist to violaters

● Challenged conventional theories of Yogyakarta Principles Plus 10

gender ● Aims to document & elaboarte

● Developed Gender performativity developments through set of additional

Gender performativity principles & state obligations
● Asserted that socity & culture created
gender roles & impose these as ideal
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
● Place where international meeting of
human rights was held
Yogyakarta principle
● Set of principles of international human
rights law that deals w/ sexual orientation
& gender identity issues
● There are 29 Principles

Rights to universal enjoyment of human rights,

non discrimination, and recognition before law
● Principles of universality of human rights

Rights to human and personal security