DH-1 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 2ND MONTHLY REVIEWER

COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND Fundamentals of Ethical Communication

ETHICS  Responsible Thinking
 Decision Making
Communication Process
 Development of Relationships
Transmission Model
Credo for Ethical Communication (2017)
 Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty and reason
as essential to the integrity of communication.
 Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of
perspective and tolerance of dissent to achieve the
informed and responsible decision making
fundamental to civil society.
 Strive to understand and respect other
communicators before evaluating and responding to
their messages.
Interaction Model
 Being committed to the courageous expression of
personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice.
 Advocate sharing information, opinions and feelings
when facing significant choices while also respecting
privacy and confidentiality.
 Accept responsibility for the short- and long-term
consequences for our own communication and expect
the same of others.
 Promote access to communication resources and
opportunities as necessary to fulfil human potential
and contribute to the well-being of families,
communities and society.
 Promote communication climates of caring and
mutual understanding that respect the unique needs
and characteristics of individual communicators.
Transactional Model  Condemn communication that degrade individuals
and humanity through distortion, intimidation,
coercion and violence, and through the expression of
intolerance and hatred.

COMMUNICATION PROCESS, TYPES, AND

BARRIERS
01. Communication Process
Communication Principles 02. Formal vs Informal Communication
 Communication is integrated into all parts of our lives 03. Types of Communication
 Communication meet needs 04. Communication Barriers
 Communication is a process
 Communication is guided by the culture and context Formal vs Informal Communication
 Communication is learned Informal Communication
 Communication has ethical implications  The casual and unofficial form of communication
wherein the information is exchanged spontaneously
Communication Functions between two or more persons without conforming the
1. The Socio-Psychological Tradition prescribed official rules, processes, system,
 Communication as Interpersonal Interaction formalities and chain of command.
and Influence
2. The Cybernetic Tradition Formal Communication
 Communication as a System of Information  The exchange of official information that flows along
Processing the different levels of the organizational hierarchy
3. The Rhetorical Tradition and conforms to the prescribed professional rules,
 Communication as Artful Public Address policy, standards, processes and regulations of the
4. The Semiotic Tradition organization.
 Communication as the Process of Sharing
Meaning Through Signs Forms of Formal Communication
5. The Socio-Cultural Tradition 1. Downward Communication
 Communication as Creation And Enactment  Information passes from the management
of Social Reality level to the subordinate level.
6. The Critical Tradition  Most common form of formal communication
 Communication as Reflective Challenge of wherein communication flows downwards.
Unjust Discourse  It mainly includes orders and instructions and
can either be written or oral depending on
Communication Ethics the importance of the message.
1. Ethos (Ethics / Credibility) 2. Upward Communication
 Trustworthiness or  The upward communication is when the
authority message passes from the subordinate level to
 Tone / style the management level.
2. Pathos (Emotion) Points of Downward Upward
 Emotional Impact difference Communication Communication
 Personal Definition It is a process of It is opposite to
Connection sending a downward
3. Logos (Logic / Reason) message from a communication
 Facts, statistics, case studies, scientific superior to a i.e. it flows from
subordinate. subordinate to
evidence
superior.
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Nature Such It includes o We gasp, sigh, clear our throats,

communication suggestions, change our tone, whisper or shout,
includes complaints and, emphasize certain words, wave our
instructions, the like so. It is hands, frown or smile, laugh or cry,
orders, advice, nondirective in string vocal identifiers like uh-huh
and the like: So, nature. and ah-hah between our words, or
it is directive in speak faster or slower.
nature.
 Practice your paralanguage
Application It is suitably It is found in a
o If you make presentations, you need
found in an democratic
authoritarian environment. to be aware of the impact of your
environment. paralanguage. It's a good idea to
Purpose It is to supply It serves the practice your remarks in front of a
the subordinates purpose of mirror, discerning your natural
with relevant feedback i.e. gestures and facial expressions and
information. whether the determining if they are augmenting
subordinates your message, or detracting from it.
have properly 4. Body Language and Posture
received the  Crossed arms
message. o Defensive,
Distortion People find little Message can be self-protective,
scope to distort distorted here or closed-off
the message intentionally as
 Hands on the hips
here because subordinates
o Ready and in control, or a sign of
such have
communication expectations to aggressiveness
is authoritarian. be fulfilled such  Closed posture
as job o Can indicate
promotion. hostility,
Frequency It takes place It does not occur unfriendliness,
several times to so frequently. and anxiety
give orders,  Open Posture
advice, and o May indicate friendliness,
directions to a openness, and willingness
subordinate.  Biting of lips
Initiative Here, higher Here, lower- o People sometimes
authority takes level employees bite their lips
the initiative to take the
when they are
make initiative to
worried, anxious,
communication. establish
communication. or stressed
Management It is an It is as like as  Tightening of lips
instruction type consultative o Tightening lips
of management. management. might be an
indicator
3. Horizontal or Lateral Communication of distaste,
 When the co-workers with different areas of disapproval, or distrust.
responsibilities, but at the same level in the 5. Proxemics
organization communicate with each other.  Personal Distance
4. Diagonal or Crosswise Communication o 1.5 to 4 feet
 When the employees of different  Public Distance
departments at different levels o 12 to 25 feet
communicate with each other irrespective of 6. Eye Gaze
the chain of command  Highly dilated eyes might indicate desire.
 Rapid blinking can be due to distress or
Types of Communication discomfort.
Verbal Communication 7. Haptics
 Wherein you speak your subject matter, and others
listen to it carefully and try to associate meaning with
it.

Non-verbal Communication
 Wherein the others observe you and try to confer a 8. Appearance
meaning to it

Types of non-verbal communication

1. Facial Expressions

 Red
o Excitement, Strength, Love, Energy
 Orange
o Confidence, Success, Bravery,
Sociability
2. Gestures  Yellow
o Creativity, Happiness, Warmth,
Cheer
 Green
o Nature, Healing, Freshness, Quality
3. Paralanguage  Blue
 We speak paralanguage when o Trust, Peace, Loyalty, Competence
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 Pink Kinds of Signs

o Compassion, Sincerity,
Sophistication, Sweet
 Purple
o Royalty, Luxury, Spirituality,
Ambition
 Brown
o Dependable, Rugged, Trustworthy,
Simple
 Black Infrastructure
o Formality, Dramatic,
Sophistication, Security
 White
o Clean, Simplicity, Innocence,
Honest
9. Artifacts
Commercial

Transgressive
Written Communication
 Wherein you write your message and others read it to
derive meaning out of it.

EVALUATING MESSAGES AND/OR IMGES OF

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTS RELECTING Online Landscape
DIFFERRENT CULTURES
What does these mean?

How to Evaluate?
All media messages are “constructed”
1. What is the message of the text?
Linguistic Landscape
2. How effectively does it represent reality?
 Is the displayed language in a particular space, e.g.
3. How is the message constructed?
advertisements, billboards, and other signs.
Media have embedded values and point of view.
1. What lifestyles, values and points of view are
represented in the text?
2. Who or what is missing?

Each person interprets messages differently.

1. What messages do you perceive from the text?
2. How might others understand it differently? Why?

Media have commercial, ideological or political interest.

1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. Who is the target audience of the text?
3. Who might be disadvantaged?
4. Who created the text?

Geosemiotics Media messages are constructed using a creative language

 Is the study of social meaning of the material
placement of signs and discourses and of our actions
in the material world. (Mooney & Evans, 2015)
Principles of Geosemiotics
1. Indexicality
 Meaning was given to a sign
by a place the sign was put in.
having its own rules.
1. What techniques are used and why?
2. How effective are the techniques in supporting the
messages or themes of the text?
3. What are the other ways of presenting the message?

2. Dialogicality
 Signs have a double meaning,
and they correspond with each
other.
3. Selection
 One does not see all signs.