Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. Lý thuyết, phương pháp làm bài tập điền từ vào đoạn văn.
Dạng bài này kiểm tra khá nhiều kiến thức về mặt ngữ pháp, từ vựng, đồng
thời yêu cầu cao
hơn về khả năng đọc hiểu đoạn văn. Các em làm bài theo các bước sau nhé:
Bước 1: Đọc nhanh cả bài từ đầu đến cuối, không dừng lại khi gặp từ mới hay
thông tin chưa
hiểu. Lần đọc này nhằm tìm nội dung, ý chính, cách tổ chức thông tin của bài.
Bước 2: Phân tích chỗ trống cần điền. Các em cần đọc cả những câu trước và
câu sau chứ
không chỉ câu chứa chỗ trống để hiểu được ngữ cảnh nhé, sau đo xác định từ
cần điền thuộc
loại từ gì, nghĩa là gì, đóng vai trò ngữ pháp gì, ...
Bước 3: Phân tích các đáp án cho sẵn, loại đáp án sai, chọn đáp án đúng. Bước
này các em có thể vận dụng kĩ thuật đoán nghĩa từ hoặc phương pháp loại trừ.
Bước 4: Đọc lại từ đầu đến cuối, tìm sai sót và sửa (nếu có).
II. Hướng dẫn chi tiết cách làm bài điền từ trong tiếng Anh
Thông thường dạng bài điền từ vào chỗ trống bao gồm 1 đoạn văn (khoảng 150
– 200 từ) với
các chỗ trống để điền từ. Trong các đề thi trắc nghiệm sẽ đưa ra 4 đáp án để thí
sinh lựa chọn. Dạng điền từ cơ bản nhất là các dạng câu hỏi về từ vựng. 1. Xác
định từ loại cơ bản. Trong tiếng Anh có 4 loại từ cơ bản là danh từ, động từ,
tính từ, trạng từ. Và đây cũng chính là
các từ loại được hỏi nhiều nhất. Nhận biết các từ loại này không khó, nhưng để
chọn đúng từ
cần điền vào chỗ trống, cần nắm một số quy tắc cơ bản sau:
+ Danh từ thường đứng đầu câu đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ, hoặc đứng sau động
từ làm tân ngữ
cho động từ đó.
+ Tính từ dùng để bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ và thường đứng trước danh từ.
+ Động từ thường được bổ nghĩa bởi trạng từ (có thể đứng sau hoặc trước động
từ).
Khi làm bài, cần xác định vị trí của từ cần điền so với các từ xung quanh và
đoán xem đó là
loại từ gì, sau đó mới nhìn xuống phần phương án lựa chọn. Sẽ có những dấu
hiệu trong câu cho biết từ còn thiếu là loại từ gì. Trong trường hợp có 2 đáp án
cùng 1 loại từ thì cần cân nhắc
về nghĩa.
Giới từ là một trong những nỗi lo của hầu hết học sinh bởi sự đa dạng và phức
tạp của nó. Điều này một phần cũng bởi vì giới từ tiếng Anh và giới từ tiếng
Việt có nhiều trường hợp
khác xa nhau, thậm chí đối nghịch nhau, dẫn đến việc sử dụng sai của nhiều
bạn.
Mỗi một loại động từ chỉ đi với một dạng bổ trợ nhất định.
Khi các em biết được cấu trúc của nó rồi thì việc xác định cấu tạo của từ đi sau
nó rất dễ dàng. Các động từ như mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep...thì động từ đi
sau nó luôn là V-ing. Các
động từ như agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide, demand...thì bổ trợ luôn
là động từ
nguyên thể có to.
Xem thêm: 101 cấu trúc động từ To V và Ving thường gặp ĐẦY ĐỦ
Question 2. A. of B. with C. as D. in
Question 3. A. on B. to C. from D. of
Loại câu hỏi thứ ba cũng thường thấy trong các bài thi tốt nghiệp THPT là
dạng câu hỏi về các từ để hỏi (wh-question):
Ví dụ
What cái gì, điều gì
What were you doing at 10 p.m last night? (10 giờ tối qua cậu đang làm gì
vậy?)
Which cái nào (khi có nhiều lựa chọn)
Which do you want, red or blue one? (Chị muốn mua chiếc nào, chiếc màu
xanh hay chiếc màu đỏ?)
Which do you want, red or blue one? (Chị muốn mua chiếc nào, chiếc màu
xanh hay chiếc màu đỏ?)
Who
Who taught you English at secondary school? (Ai dạy bạn tiếng Anh ở cấp 2
vậy?)
Whom
ai, người nào (hỏi cho chủ ngữ)
ai, người nào (hỏi cho chủ ngữ)
ai, người nào (hỏi cho tân ngữ của động từ)
Whom is he talking about? (Anh ta đang nói về ai thế?)
Whom is he talking about? (Anh ta đang nói về ai thế?)
Whose danh từ
của ai Whose books are these? (Những quyển sách này là của ai vậy?)
Where ở đâu
Do you know where is my key? (Cậu có biết chìa khóa của tớ ở đâu không?)
When khi nào
When do you finish the assignment? (Khi nào thì cậu hoàn thành bài tập?)
Why tại sao
Why are you looking at me like that? (Sao chị nhìn tôi như thế?)
How như thế nào
How does she look? (Trông cô ấy thế nào?)
How often
bao lâu một lần (hỏi tần suất).
How often do you come back home? (Bao lâu bạn về quê một lần?)
much/ How
many hỏi số lượng
How many students are there in your class? (Lớp bạn có bao nhiêu học sinh?)
How far bao xa
How far is it from your house to the school? (Từ nhà bạn đến trường bao xa?)
- Khi chọn từ để điền, bạn cần đọc kỹ nội dung câu hỏi để xác định từ điền cho
chính xác.
Ví dụ: To the majority of us, this is someone we trust completely and
__(1)__understands us better than anyone else.
1. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
Ta thấy rằng từ cần điền dùng để chỉ người (someone) nên phương án “which”
bị loại. Ta không thể dùng phương án A vì từ đi sau là động từ (understands)
chứ không phải danh từ. Từ cần điền phải là đại từ chỉ người đóng vai trò là
chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề phía sau. Theo như phân tích ở trên, who dùng cho chủ
ngữ còn whom dùng cho tân ngữ nên suy ra who là đáp án đúng.
Cuối cùng xin lưu ý các em là khi làm bài dạng chọn từ điền vào chỗ trống
trong đoạn văn, các em nên đọc kỹ toàn bài và hiểu được mối quan hệ giữa các
thông tin trước và sau chỗ trống. Đôi khi, đáp án lại có ngay trong chính đoạn
văn các em đang đọc!
Exercise 1
Here is a wonderful opportunity at a (1) ________ cost to visit the truly
remarkable island of Cuba. We have (2) ________ rooms at some of the finest
hotels for periods of 7 and 14 nights. You may (3) ________ your time
between relaxing and exploring this beautiful country by taking advantage of
our extensive excursion programme.
The (4) ________ of such a small country is amazing and, as it is set in the
warm waters of Caribbean, it is (5) ________ to have one of the most pleasant
climates in the world. Cuba, being so small, is not only an ideal country to tour,
but it's also a place where visitors can relax and (6) ________ in exotic
surroundings. Not only has nature (7) ________ Cuba with magnificent coast
and some fine sandy beaches, but there are also extensive (8) ________ near
them. Most beaches are close to important sites such as international parks with
their (9) ________ wildlife, flora and fauna .
Because the south of the island is blessed with being the driest region in the
country most hotels are situated here. Rain is however (10) ________ in the
north from December to July.
9. A. A B. An C. The D. x
6. A there are = có
7. D cần trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ created
Exercise 4
Festivals have become ubiquitous (1) ____________ Australia, (2)
____________ hundreds held each year. Some are as small as the community -
based Apollo Bay Music Festival and Thirroul Seaside and Arts Festival, while
others, such as the Falls Festival and Woodford Folk Festival, are able to bring
international performers (3) ____________ Australian audiences and showcase
Australian works.
The Perth International Arts Festival is the oldest annual international
multi-arts festival (4) ____________ the southern hemisphere and is Western
Australia’s premier cultural event. The first Perth Festival was (5)
____________ 1953 and it now offers the people of Western Australia some
(6) ____________ the best international and contemporary drama, theatre,
music, film, visual arts, street arts, literature, comedy, and free community
events. Some other events in the festival include the Contemporary Culture
program and the Perth Visual Arts Festivals.
As well (7) ____________ these, there are satellite festivals surrounding the
main festival which itself offers more (8) ____________ 30 Australian
premieres. The Western Australian Indigenous Arts Showcase (WAIAS) is part
(9) ____________ the Perth International Arts Festival, and has involved over
90 Indigenous singers and sone writers, musicians, actors and comedians (10)
____________ all over Australian’s largest state.
Xem đáp án
1. in in + năm
4. began Câu thiếu động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn (xác định thông
qua cụm trạng từ chủ thời gian in the 1970s and
1980s)
9. by Câu bị động, tác nhân thực hiện hành động đặt sau
giới từ by
10. and Liên từ and nối hai cụm từ tương đương là by the
Adelaide city council và by the Chinese government
III. Bài tập vận dụng điền từ vào đoạn văn Tiếng Anh có đáp án
Exercise 1:
Today, the distinction between the professional and the (1) _______ is purely a
matter of sporting success. Most (2) _______ start their career by winning
competitions for non - professionals before deciding to (3) ________
themselves to their chosen sport. However, for a long time, it used to be
believed that getting paid for a sporting (4) _______destroyed the ancient
Olympic (5) _______ of people simply trying to do their best for the love of
the sport.
In fact, even (6) ________ in ancient Olympic (7) ________ were able to make
large amounts of money from winning. At the games themselves, only a laurel
wreath was (8) ________ to the winner, but back in his (9) _______ town, he
could become very rich.
During most of the 20th century, professionals were (10) _______ from
entering the Olympics. This gave the wealthy an advantage (11) ______ they
could afford to train and compete without needing to earn money. In 1988, the
IOC (which (12) _______ for International Olympic Committee) decided to
allow professionals to take (13) ______ in the Olympics. Only boxing and
football still restrict the (14) ________ of professionals allowed to compete.
Boxing does not allow professionals at all, while Olympic football teams are
allowed up to three professionals (15) ______ the side.
15. A. into B. at C. to D. on
Exercise 2:
While the television (1) ______ is increasingly becoming the focal point of our
living room, it would be easy to (2) ______ that its older relative, the radio is
still there. But in the rush to turn (3) ______ the TV and feast our eyes on all
those fantastic visual (4) _____, we are missing out on a valuable (5) ______
of communication.
The radio has all the talk (6) ______, comedies, dramas and news (7) _____ the
television has, and more besides. Late night shows have (8) ____ presenters to
keep you awake or send you to sleep, depending on your needs. Hard-hitting
reporters (9) ______ the hot items of the day with politicians and (10)
________ in specialized areas. And behind the (11) _____ there are researchers
and editors making sure you get the (12) _____ up-to-date information.
With the new generation of digital radio about to enter our homes (13) ______
satellite, radio is sure to (14) ______ to our lives well into the future. The radio
of tomorrow will guarantee perfect (15) ______ and more choice of
programme.
3. A. up B. on C. off D. down
Exercise 3:
For all arguments about prison, there is no getting (1) ______ from the fact that
it exists. Once the judge and (2) _____ have done their job, we have to (3)
______ thousands of men and women occupied until they are (4) _______.
Sport is ideal (5) ______ prisoners for many reasons. Being (6) _____ punishes
people by taking away their freedom; just because someone gets in (7) ______
with the law, we have no (8) _____ to take away their health as well. Secondly,
the (9) _____ that you feel when you are (10)_____ up for a long prison (11)
_____ can make you (13) _____ ten years, or even ten months, and (14) _____
up the first person they see. Sport provides a way of controlling that (15)
_______.
1. A. away B. out C. back D. far
5. A. to B. for C. in D. with
Exercise 4:
One aspect of human behavior that scientists find interesting is our desire to
help others. Some experts claim that this is not a natural tendency. The (1)
______ these experts put forward is that we only assist other people if it is in
our own (2) ____ to do so. We are kind to people because we may need their
help at some time in the future. We hope that if we have behaved well towards
people, they will be more (3) ________ to treat us kindly.
This suggests that whenever we are considerate towards someone, we are in
fact acting (4) ______. However, according to one study, this may not always
be the case. The (5) _____ in the study were asked to play an online game in
which they were asked to give away some money. While the players were (6)
______ in the game, many of them were willing to share money with the others
who were (7) _____ part in the experiment, despite the fact they did not (8)
_____ from this in any way. The scientists who (9) _____ the experiment also
analyzed the players DNA samples. The scientists found a relationship between
these people’s DNA and their willingness to be generous. The scientists
reached the (10) ______ that some people are naturally kind and helpful
without expecting anything in return.
Similar behavior has actually been (11) _____ in the chimpanzee. In
experiments, these animals have acted in a very (12) ______ way toward their
fellow chimps
Exercise 5:
Caving is an adventure sport that, quite literally, takes you to another world.
But it’s also quite a well (1) ____ secret, enjoyed by a relatively small group of
devoted enthusiast. Caving (2) ______ for a range of skills because it involves
climbing, squeezing and squirming your way into opening in the Earth’s rocks
to discover the many fascinating, sometimes very large and beautiful, caverns
that (3) ______ under the surface.
(4) _______ its rather dangerous image, largely (5) ______ thanks to rather
sensationalist television programmes, the sport has an excellent safety (6)
______, so long as you go with a qualified instructor or caving club. Wearing a
helmet and waterproof clothing, you’re privy to a hidden world of stalagmites
and stalactites, although you may have to (7) ______ through torrential
underground rivers and negotiate thunderous waterfalls in order to (8) ______
the most impressive sport.
The challenge of entering the unknown in the (9) _____ dark can be, let’s (10)
____ it, pretty terrifying, so it’s as well to choose your location carefully. And
there’s also a conversation (11) ______ behind the sport too, because caves are
a very (12) ____ environment that is easily damaged. All cavers are
encouraged to take nothing but photographs and leave nothing but footprints.
Exercise 6:
Have you ever wondered what happens to people who just disappear? Some go
forever, and other turn up again. Those who do come (1) _____ are able to
clear (2) _____ the mystery of their strange absence. But those who do not
return, will continue to (3) _____ us. Some of the most common (4) _____ are:
“murdered by a colleague” or “_____ away by aliens in a spaceship”.
There was the (6) _____ in Warwickshire, where a little girl of eight
disappeared mysteriously. Her parents has died when she was a baby, and her
uncle had been (7) ____ after her. At the age of eighteen, she was going to
inherit the family wealth and property. The uncle was (8) ______ to find her
and panicked: he decided to (9) _____ up another little girl and (10) _____ she
was his niece. Police investigations discovered what he had done and he was
(11) ______ with murder. He was (12) _____ guilty and in those days that
meant the death penalty
2. A. away B. down C. up D. by
Exercise 7:
What do people do when they know that they have just (1) _____ a cold? It
depends on what (2) _____ of person they are. In the case of colds, people can
be divided into two groups according to the way they react. The first group (3)
_____ it for granted that whenever they do, the cold will last for at least a week
so there’s no point in doing anything about it. The other group rushes to the
chemist to (4) ______ medicine that they think will help them.
Experts say that if you look after yourself (5) _____, you can reduce your
chances of falling ill in the first place. We are constantly (6) ______ to bacteria
and one way of avoiding (7) ______ is to wash your hands frequently. It is also
important to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, drink a lot of water, tea
and juices, and go out in the fresh air regularly.
But what do you do when you already have a runny nose and such a sore throat
that you can hardly (8) _______? Before rushing off to the doctor for a (9)
______, there are various (10) ______ remedies that can help, such as
Echinacea and ginger tea. Rest is also (11) _____, as this helps the body fight
the virus. You should, however, tale into (12) _____ the fact that no matter
what you do, you need to be patient since it will take a few days before you
completely recover from your cold
Exercise 8:
More and more people are discovering that sharing and talking about their
favorite books with others can be as rewarding as the act of reading itself. For
people who feel that they are too busy to sit down with a book, a book club
helps them schedule time to read, others have gained self-confidence by
participating in or leading a discussion. And most people enjoy the chance to
(1) ______ new friends.
A successful book club should have a group that is small enough so even the
quiet people can be heard but also big enough for many different (2) ______.
The best arrangement is a mixture of ages, sexes, and backgrounds for more
reading variety and livelier discussions.
The book club could (3) _______ in one subject or type of book, like
mysteries, science fiction, or biographies. Or the members could read books of
all types, as long as the book is highly recommended by someone who thinks it
would be worth discussing.
Some book clubs meet in places like bookstores, public libraries, or restaurants,
but most have their meetings in members’ homes. This approach simply (4)
_____ more privacy and time for longer meetings.
To make the meeting go smoothly, a leader should be appointed. The leader
will usually start the discussion by asking what the author’s main idea was.
Book club members should never be afraid to offer their opinions, even if they
don’t like a book. They just need to be prepared to explain (5) ____ they didn’t
like something.
Exercise 9:
One of the most beautiful parts of Britain is the Lake District. The Lake
District is situated in the north-west of England and consists of high hills,
mountains, and, of course, lakes. ____ (1) there are sixteen lakes of ____ (2)
the largest is Lake Windermere. Over the years many writers have been
associated with this region but there can be no doubt that the most famous of
all was William Wordsworth (1770-1850), who was born and lived almost the
whole of his life there. He had close connections with the village of Grasmere,
where he lived for ____ (3) thirteen years. He loved this particular of England
and Many of his poems speak of the joy he felt when surrounded by beautiful
countryside.
Every year more than fourteen million people from Britain and abroad visit the
Lake District to enjoy the fresh air and the scenery. Some go to walk in the
mountains ___ (4) others sail boats on the lakes or simply sit admiring the
magnificent views. Unfortunately the region is becoming a victim of Its own
success in attracting visitors. ________ (5) come to the Lake District that they
threaten to destroy the peace and quiet which many are searching for there.
-The end-
Đáp án
Exercise 1:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C A C B D
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B
B D A D
Exercise 2:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. D
D C B A
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
C B A B D
Exercise 3:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A C D C B
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
D B A C D
Exercise 4:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B A C B D
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A
C A D C
11. B 12. D
Exercise 5:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C A D B D
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C
C A D B
11. A 12. D
Exercise 6:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B C A D B
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C
D B A D
11. B 12. A
Exercise 7:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
D B A D C
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. B
D B A C
11. A 12. C
Exercise 8:
1. 2. B 3. 4. 5.
C D B A
Exercise 9:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
B C C D A