COMPLETE AND RETURN IT TO MR.

LLUPO ON THE DAY OF THE CHAPTER TEST

Chapter 7 Workbook NAME: ___________________________________________

Section 7.1 Review - Ancient Astronomy

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following led to the development of

early calendars?
a. careful, long-term observations of the sky
b. the fixed pattern of stars throughout the year
c. the development of satellite technology
d. regular, accurate prediction of weather
e. the development of an agricultural lifestyle
2. Which of the following events were unexpected to
early cultures?
a. the rising and setting of the Sun
b. the cycling of the phases of the Moon
c. the occurrence of solar eclipses
d. the changing of constellations with the seasons
e. the lengthening and shortening of days with the
seasons
3. Which of the following is not a celestial object?
a. Mars
b. the Sun
c. a star
d. the Moon
e. a cloud
6. Which of the following lines of evidence indicated to early
sky watchers that Earth is flat?
a. The Moon and the Sun both have a circular shape.
b. As a ship sailed out into the ocean, the ship slowly
disappeared below the horizon.
c. As people travelled, the appearance of the stars changed.
d. Earth’s shadow appeared to be curved when viewed
during an eclipse.
e. Earth looked flat from ground level as people travelled
7. Which two ancient Greek philosophers hypothesized that
Earth is spherical?
a. Eratosthenes and Aristotle
b. Eratosthenes and Aristarchus
c. Plato and Aristotle
d. Ptolemy and Aristarchus
e. Eratosthenes and Ptolemy
8. What phenomenon is illustrated in the following diagram?

4. Which of the following events cannot be predicted

by calendars based on the movements of celestial
objects?
a. spring rains
b. migration of animals
c. floods
d. volcanic eruptions
e. solar eclipses

5. How long does Earth take to make one rotation

about its axis with respect to the Sun?
a. 365.24 days a. rotation of Earth
b. 52 weeks b. solar eclipse
c. 28 days c. revolution of Earth
d. 7 days d. changing of the seasons
e. 24 hours e. lunar eclipse

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Section 7.1 Review - Ancient Astronomy
Written Answer

9. Identify three reliable motions in the sky that helped early sky watchers develop calendars.

10. Give three ways days are organized in a calendar.

11. Where did the earliest astronomers who kept detailed records of the sky live?

12. What factor determines the length of a year on Earth?

13. Why do leap years happen every four years?

14. Describe early clocks.

15. Describe four early views about Earth’s shape and place in the universe.

16. The diagram below shows the area of the night sky that is visible to two different observers on Earth. Explain
how the sky seen by observer 1 differs from the sky
seen by observer 2.

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Section 7.2 Review - The Constellations
Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is a constellation? 5. Hipparchus devised the stellar magnitude scale
a. Ursa Major based on which assumption?
b. the Sun a. A magnitude 5 star is 1/5 the brightness of a
c. Betelgeuse magnitude 1 star.
d. Mars b. A magnitude 5 star is 3 times brighter than a
e. Comet Halley magnitude 1 star.
c. A magnitude 1 star is 1/3 the brightness of a
2. Which of the following units describes how far magnitude 3 star.
light travels in one year? d. A magnitude 1 star is 1/5 the brightness of a
a. metre magnitude 5 star.
b. kilometre e. A magnitude 10 star is brighter than a magnitude
c. astronomical unit 1 star.
d. light-year
e. parsec 6. Which of the following groupings of stars is an
asterism?
3. Which constellation is illustrated in the diagram a. Cancer
below? b. Cassiopeia
c. Ursa Major
d. Big Dipper
e. Orion

7. Which star can be used to find direction on Earth’s

surface all year long in the northern hemisphere?
a. Polaris
b. Vega
c. Orion
d. Deneb
e. Regulus

8. In the 1600s and 1700s, on what did explorers base

the shapes and names of constellations in the
southern hemisphere?
a. Ursa Major a. ancient myths and legends
b. Orion b. contemporary royalty and important people
c. Ursa Minor c. unique animals that had been recently
d. Libra discovered
e. Cassiopeia d. technologies that were important to the
explorers
4. Which of the following stars is the brightest? e. the shapes of recently discovered continents and
a. a star with an apparent magnitude of –26 islands
b. a star with an apparent magnitude of –5
c. a star with an apparent magnitude of 1
d. a star with an apparent magnitude of 6
e. a star with an apparent magnitude of 10

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Section 7.2 Review - The Constellations
Written Answer

9. What is a constellation?

10. Give examples of three constellations that can be seen from Ontario.

11. The diagram below shows the distances from Earth of the stars that make up the constellation Cassiopeia. Why
do people describe these stars as being part of a single constellation when they are so far away from each other?

12. How far is a light-year?

13. What is apparent magnitude?

14. Why are the two end stars in the bowl of the Big Dipper known as “pointer stars”?

15. Why can Polaris be used to find direction on Earth’s surface?

16. How does the latitude of an observer on Earth affect the stars and constellations that the observer views in the
night sky?

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Section 7.3 Review - Movements of Earth and the Moon
Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following diagrams is an ellipse? 5. During which phase of the Moon is the “far side” of
the Moon fully lit by the Sun?
a.
a. new Moon
b. full Moon
c. first quarter Moon
b. d. waning gibbous Moon
e. waxing crescent Moon

6. In which of the following phases of the Moon is less

c. than half of the face of the Moon lit, as viewed from
Earth?
a. waxing gibbous
d. b. first quarter
c. full Moon
d. waning gibbous
e. e. waning crescent

7. Which of the following causes a total lunar eclipse?

2. Which phenomenon is caused by the tilt of Earth’s
a. the Moon enters Earth’s penumbra
axis?
b. Earth enters the Moon’s penumbra
a. tides
c. the Moon enters Earth’s umbra
b. seasons
d. the Sun enters Earth’s umbra
c. daytime and nighttime
e. the Moon enters the Sun’s umbra
d. phases of the Moon
e. lunar eclipses
8. Which of the following statements is true about a
solar eclipse?
3. Which celestial object is at one focal point of
a. During a solar eclipse, the Moon is between Earth
Earth’s orbit?
and the Sun.
a. the Sun
b. During a solar eclipse, Earth is between the Moon
b. Earth
and the Sun.
c. the Moon
c. During a solar eclipse, the Sun is between Earth
d. Mars
and the Moon.
e. Polaris
d. During a solar eclipse, the Moon is at right angles
to both Earth and the Sun.
4. When Earth’s southern hemisphere is tilted away
e. During a solar eclipse, the Sun is at right angles to
from the Sun, what season is occurring in Ontario? both Earth and the Moon.
a. spring
b. summer
c. fall
d. autumn
e. winter

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Section 7.3 Review - Movements of Earth and the Moon
Written Answer

9. Give two examples of how the movements of Earth and the Moon cause cycles on Earth.

10. How is an ellipse different from a circle?

11. Why does Ontario experience changes in temperature and daylight at different times of the year?

12. In the following diagram, at which latitude is the temperature most likely the highest?Explain your answer.

13. When did humans get their first look at the far side of the Moon?

14. How does a total lunar eclipse occur?

15. On average, how often do total lunar eclipses occur?

16. What is special about the tides in the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia?

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Section 7.4 Review - Meet Your Solar System
Multiple Choice

1. According to the following table, which planet has 5. Which of the following planets does not display
the coldest average surface temperature? retrograde motion as observed from Earth?
a. Mercury
Planetary Surface Temperatures
b. Mars
Average Surface c. Jupiter
Planet Temperature (°C) d. Saturn
Mars –63 e. Neptune
Jupiter –150
Saturn –170 6. Which of the following planets is one astronomical
Uranus –215 unit from the Sun?
Neptune –235 a. Mercury
b. Earth
a. Mars c. Mars
b. Jupiter d. Jupiter
c. Saturn e. Neptune
d. Uranus
e. Neptune 7. Which of the following planets has an orbital radius
of less than one astronomical unit?
2. Which astronomer proposed the idea of a a. Venus
geocentric solar system? b. Earth
a. Copernicus c. Jupiter
b. Ptolemy d. Saturn
c. Kepler e. Uranus
d. Galileo
e. Eratosthenes 8. Which of the following planets has an atmosphere
that is rich in methane, which gives the planet a
3. Which of the following planets is a terrestrial blue-green colour?
planet? a. Venus
a. Jupiter b. Earth
b. Mars c. Jupiter
c. Uranus d. Saturn
d. Neptune e. Uranus
e. Pluto

4. Which of the following planets is a gas giant?

a. Mercury
b. Venus
c. Earth
d. Mars
e. Jupiter

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Section 7.4 Review - Meet Your Solar System
Written Answer

9. What keeps the objects in the solar system in orbit around the Sun?

10. Describe the components of the solar system.

11. What type of planetary motion is illustrated in the diagram below?

12. How did Johannes Kepler revise the heliocentric model of the solar system?

13. Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast Venus and Earth.

14. What causes retrograde motion?

15. If astronomers use the astronomical unit to measure distances in the solar system, what do astronomers use light-
years to measure?

16. How is Venus’s atmosphere different from Earth’s atmosphere?

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Section 7.5 Review - Other Objects in the Solar System
Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following celestial objects is a comet? 4. Which of the following celestial bodies was classified
a. Shoemaker-Levy 9 as a dwarf planet in 2006?
b. Pluto a. the Moon
c. Sedna b. Pluto
d. Dactyl c. Mars
e. Stardust d. Neptune
e. Hale-Bopp
2. The diagram below shows a comet. Which letter in
the diagram indicates the comet’s ion tail? 5. Where in the solar system are most asteroids located?
a. between the Sun and Mercury
b. between Earth and Mars
c. between Mars and Jupiter
d. between Neptune and Pluto
e. beyond the orbit of Neptune

6. Which of the following objects is a small fragment of

rock or metal that strikes Earth’s surface?
a. Kuiper Belt object
b. asteroid
a. A c. meteoroid
b. B d. meteorite
c. C e. comet
d. D
e. E 7. What happens when a large object, such as a comet or
an asteroid, strikes Earth’s land surface?
3. Which of the following objects is not a a. The object burns up in Earth’s atmosphere.
trans-Neptunian object? b. A meteoroid forms.
a. Pluto c. The object becomes a moon.
b. Sedna d. A tail forms behind it, blown by the solar wind.
c. Ceres e. An impact crater forms.
d. Eris
e. Quaoar 8. Which of the following objects may have caused a
global mass extinction on Earth 65 million years ago?
a. a dwarf planet
b. a meteoroid
c. an asteroid
d. a Kuiper Belt object
e. a moon

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Section 7.5 Review - Other Objects in the Solar System
Written Answer

9. What is a trans-Neptunian object? Give two examples.

10. Describe the Kuiper Belt and how it formed.

11. The table below shows characteristics of five Kuiper Belt objects.
a. Which object is closest to the Sun?
b. Which objects are larger than Pluto?
c. Which object takes the longest to orbit the Sun?

Characteristics of Five Kuiper Belt Objects

Characteristic Pluto Sedna Eris EL61 Buffy

Distance from
40 67 97 52 58
Sun (AU)

Colour red red white bluish ?

Size (relative to
1 0.75 1.05 0.75 3
Pluto)
Number of known
3 ? 1 2 ?
moons
Orbital period
248 10 500 560 285 440
(years)

Orbital tilt (°) 17 12 44 28 47

12. What is the Oort Cloud?

13. Why do comets form a tail when they come close to the Sun?

14. Where do most comets originate?

15. Make a sequence of events graphic organizer that illustrates how a meteoroid forms, becomes a meteor, and
becomes a meteorite.

16. No remnants of the object that caused the Tunguska devastation have been recovered. Suggest one possible
reason why.

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Chapter 7 Review - The Night Sky
Multiple Choice

1. What constellation is illustrated in the diagram 5. The diagram below shows the location of the Sun n the
below? sky over Ontario. What season is illustrated in the
diagram?

a. summer
b. fall
c. autumn
a. Ursa Major d. winter
b. Orion e. spring
c. Ursa Minor
d. Libra 6. Which of the following objects is one astronomical unit
e. Cassiopeia from Earth?
a. the Moon
2. How far does light travel in four years? b. the Sun
a. one astronomical unit c. Mars
b. 3.8  1013 km d. Venus
c. 300 000 km e. the asteroid belt
d. 150 million km
e. two light-years 7. Which planet is closest to Earth in size and
composition?
3. Which phenomenon is caused by the rotation of a. Mercury
Earth on its axis? b. Venus
a. tides c. Mars
b. seasons d. Jupiter
c. daytime and nighttime e. Neptune
d. phases of the Moon
e. lunar eclipses 8. Which planet has the most known moons?
a. Saturn
4. During what phase of the Moon do total solar b. Uranus
eclipses occur? c. Neptune
a. full Moon d. Mars
b. new Moon e. Jupiter
c. third quarter Moon
d. first quarter Moon
e. waxing gibbous Moon

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Chapter 7 Review - The Night Sky
Written Answer

9. Explain why the magnitude scale for stellar brightness has higher numbers for dimmer stars.

10. How is an asterism different from a constellation?

11. Identify three lines of evidence that indicated to early sky watchers that Earth is spherical.

12. Describe the shape of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

13. Describe how a sundial works.

14. The diameter of the Sun is about 400 times the diameter of the Moon. How can the Moon completely cover
the disk of the Sun during a solar eclipse?

15. Why was Pluto demoted to the status of dwarf planet in 2006?

16. Copy the following Venn diagram into your notebook and complete it.

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Chapter 7 Review - The Night Sky
Written Answer

17. How can a star, such as Sirius, be used to mark an annual event?

18. Why are constellations important to most cultures around the world?

19. Why do astronomers use light-years to measure distance?

20. The star map below shows the relative apparent magnitudes of several stars. Which stars do you think are the
brightest? Explain your answer. Disregard the stars in the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia, which are unnamed on
this star map.

21. What causes the phases of the Moon?

22. The planets in the solar system differ based on several characteristics. Identify the planet that has each of the
characteristics described below.
a. large, elaborate rings made of ice and rock
b. long, immense cracks caused by extreme heating and cooling of the surface
c. iron-rich rocks and a volcano three times higher than Mount Everest
d. a storm the size of three Earths in the clouds of hydrogen and helium of the planet’s atmosphere

23. Why is a comet’s dust tail whitish in colour?

24. How do asteroids differ from meteoroids?

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