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ICT Quarter 1 (Module 1) Computers Historyand

Characteristics
Education (Samal National High School)

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7
ICT
Quarter I – Module 1:
Computers: History and
Characteristics

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ICT – Grade 7
Self-Learning Modules
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Janica D. Tigol
Language Editors:
Content Editors:
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief, CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
Joy B. Bihag, EPS, CLMD – EPP/TLE & LRMS
Raul D. Agban, EdD,OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Lorelei A. Masias, CESE, OIC Assistant Schools Division
Superintendent
Shirley L. Godoy, EPS, CID – LRMS
Josemilo P. Ruiz, EdD, Chief CID
Elsa B. Tabudlong, EPS-Science
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Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

E-mail Address: region8@deped.gov

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the ICT 7 Self – Learning Module 1 on Computers: History and

Characteristics!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem,
a problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners

Reflect
are encouraged to think about the lessons
particularly the parts that went well (they
have understood) and the parts that were
weak (they have difficulty) and write about it
briefly. Learners can share their thoughts and

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feeling about the lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

Reference This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
s

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
Notes to the Teacher
2. Read the instruction
In answering carefully before
the activities, let thedoing each provide
students task.
another separate
3. Observe sheet/s
honesty andof integrity
paper/s toin write
doingtheir
the outputs.
tasks and checking your
Guide the students in every direction given.
answers.

4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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Explore

Introduction:
Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years,
mostly using one-to-one correspondence with fingers. The earliest
counting device was probably a form of tally stick. Later record keeping
aids throughout the Fertile Crescent included calculi (clay spheres, cones,
etc.) which represented counts of items, probably livestock or grains,
sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers. The use of counting rods is one
example.

In this module you will learn about:

Most Essential Learning Competency

 Computers: History and Characteristics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Know the history and foundations of development of computers
2. Determine the characteristics of computer
3. Identify the pros and cons of using computer
4.

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Learn

Lesson 1: History and Foundations of Development of Computers

The history of computers starts out about 2000

years ago in Babylonia (Mesopotamia), at the
birth of 3ABACUS, a wooden rack holding two
horizontal wires with beads strung on them.
Blaise Pascal is usually credited for building the
first digital computer in 1642.

• The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th

century English mathematics professor name 1Charles Babbage. He
designed the 2Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic
framework of the computers of today are based on.
• Generally speaking, computers can be classified into five
generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period of time, and
each gave us either a new and improved computer or an
improvement to the existing computer.
The Five Generations of Computers
• First generation: 1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the
first electronic digital computer was built by
Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It
was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer
name the Colossus was built for the
military. Other developments continued
until in 1946 the first general– purpose
digital computer, the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer 5(ENIAC) was
built. It is said that this computer weighed
30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes Vacuum Tubes
which was used for processing. When this
computer was turned on for the first time lights dim in sections of
Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform single
task, and they had no operating system.

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• Second generation: 1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers

used 8transistors instead of vacuum
tubes which were more reliable. In 1951
the first computer for commercial use
was introduced to the public; the
Universal Automatic Computer 6(UNIVAC
1). In 1953 the International Business
Machine (IBM) 650 and 700 series
computers made their mark in the
computer world. During this generation
of computers over 100 computer
programming languages were developed,
computers had memory and operating
systems. Storage media such as tape and
disk were in use also were printers for
output.
Transistors

• 4Third generation: 1963 - present - The invention of integrated

circuit brought us the third generation
of computers. With this invention
computers became smaller, more
powerful more reliable and they are
able to run many different programs at
the same time. In1980 Microsoft Disk
Operating System (MS-Dos) was born
and in 1981 IBM introduced the
personal computer (PC) for home and
office use. Three years later Apple gave
us the Macintosh computer with its icon Integrated Circuits
driven interface and the 90s gave us
Windows operating system.

• Fourth generation: 1971 – present – the microprocessor brought the

fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits
were built onto a single 7silicon chip. What in the first generation
filled an entire room could now fit in
the palm of the hand. The intel 4004
chip, developed in 1971, located all
the components of the computer from
the central processing until and
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Microprocessors
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memory to input/ output controls – on a single chip. In 1981 IBM

introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple
introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the
realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and
more everyday products began to use microprocessors. As this small
computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to
form networks, which eventually led to the development of the
Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of
GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.

• 9Fifth generation: Present – Beyond – 9fifth generation computing

devices, bases on artificial intelligence, are still in development
through there are some
applications, such as voice
recognition, that are being used
today. The use of parallel
processing and super conductors
is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality. Quantum
computation and molecular and
nanotechnology will radically
change the face of computers in
years to come. The goal of fifth
generation computing is to Artificial
develop devices that respond to
natural language input and are capable of learning and self-
organization.

• As a result of the various improvements to the development of the

computer we have seen the computer being used in all areas of life.
It is a very useful tool that will continue to experience new
development as time passes.

Lesson 2: Characteristics of Computer

Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data, as per

given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately.

 Data : Data is a raw material of information.

 Information : Proper collection of the data is called information.

Characteristics of Computer

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 SPEED : In general, no human being can compete to solving the

complex computation, faster than computer.

 ACCURACY : Since computer is programmed, whatever input it gives

accurate results.

 STORAGE : Computer can store mass storage of data with

appropriate format.

 DILIGENCE : Computer can work for hours without any break and
creating error.

 VERSATILITY : We can use computer to perform completely different

type of work at the same time.

 POWER OF REMEMBERING : It can remember data for us.

 NO IQ : Computer does not work without instruction.

 NO FEELING : Computer does not have emotions, knowledge,

experience, feeling

Lesson 3: PROS AND CONS OF USING COMPUTER

Advantages of using a computer
Increase your productivity
 Computers increase your productivity and with a good
understanding of the software running on them you will become
more productive at everything you do. For example, once you have
a basic understanding of using a word processor you can create,
store, edit, share, and print documents and letters. Each of these
things was either impossible or much slower with all pre-existing
technologies.

Can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste

• Computers are capable of storing and accessing vast amounts of
information. For example, a computer and devices like eBook
readers can store hundreds and if given enough storage could store
millions of books. By being able to store books, documents, movies,
pictures, and songs digitally, you can quickly find what you need
with a search and share information between devices. It eliminates
the need for paper and plastics used to make non-digital versions of
the media.
Helps sort, organize, and search through information

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• A computer can also use its stored information more efficiently than
any other device. In our earlier example, we mentioned the ability to
store millions of books. Once those books are stored on a computer
they can be sorted into categories, alphabetized, and can be
searched to find exactly may be looking for in less than a minute.
Trying to find the same text in a million books would take a human
month if not years.
Get a better understanding of data
• Computers can also give you a better understand of data and big
data. For example, a business could have a database of items
they’ve sold. Using that data, they can quickly identify what items
sell best at what time of year, when mark up or down an item, and
what items are not selling. Having access to this type of information
can give the business a better understanding of their customers and
a competitive edge against their competitors
Keeps you connected
• Computers can help keep you connect with long distance friends
and family over e-mail and social networking. You can also connect
with millions of other people that share the same interests as you
over online forums, chat, and VoIP services like Skype. Being able to
connect to people all around the world is also an excellent way to
meet people you would normally never meet.
Improves your abilities
• Are you not the best speller, have poor grammar, not great at math,
don’t have a great memory, or need help with something else. By
using all of the computers abilities or if you have a hard time
learning you can rely on the computer to assist you.
Can help automate and monitor
• A computer can automate any imaginable task and can also be
programmed to wait for something to occur. For example,
computers connected to a camera can be programmed to watch for
movement and when detected send an alert and begin recording.
Save time
• Today, there are dozens of services that can help you save time.
Several examples are listed below.
• Using a site like Amazon, you can find many of the same products
you would find at a store for the same price or cheaper. You can also
have those items shipped to your door without having to leave your
home.

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• You could use an online banking site to view your bank balance and
pay bills.
• If your favorite restaurant has a website, you can order take out
without having to wait in line.
• You can view online traffic cameras and maps with traffic
information to find the quickest route.
Keep you entertained
• With a computer, you could store and listen to millions of songs and
watch a DVD or Blu-ray if you have a drive. When connected to the
Internet, you could watch an endless amount of streaming and
online videos from popular sites like Amazon, Netflix, and YouTube
Disadvantages of using a computer
Health issues
• PC When prolonged used has negative effects on eyes due to
radiation emitted by monitors. The eyes get dry resulting blurry
visions, stress in the eye muscles, weak eyes. One should take some
precautionary measures while using computer for longs hours,
taking small breaks while using, washing eyes with water making
them wet, relaxing eyes can do a great help.
• When used continuously back muscles get harder due to improper
sitting positions, neck muscles lose their elasticity, pain in the hands
and joints are the primary adverse symptoms of computer use.
Avoiding or taking rest in between works can overcome the negative
consequences of overworking with computers. Improper digestion is
also found in people who work on PC for long continuous periods.
Spread of pornography
• As the PC’s range has covered every single individual in the society,
children and even grown up are prone and get involved in
pornographic content which many websites offer this day. This sort
of content, videos and images are easily available on internet,
people can easily get access, it’s very hard to have control over it,
huge numbers of children are addicted to porn videos, porn images,
and once they are addicted it is very hard to overcome.
Virus and hacking attacks
• Virus are just computer programs which are designed and
developed to harm the computer, steal important information like
passwords, pins and other sensitive information. Hackers use this
program to crack your system down and get an authorized access to
your computer systems, which can damage people economically as
well as socially.
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Computer can not take their own decision/NO IQ

• As PC does not have there own IQ they cannot take decisions on
there own, which sometimes make our work tedious then it looks
they simply operate when given proper and correct instruction, if
computer get wrong or improper instruction the result will be wrong
as they do not have logical brains determining true or false.
Spread of violence, hatred
• The spread of violence and hate- related articles can be found easily
while surfing the internet. People get in touch with this articles
which destroys the thinking process of individuals and we find
consequences which are not for the betterment of human society.
Online cyber crimes
• Some people which are commonly called “HACKERS OR CRACKER”
break down our computer system and get unauthorized access and
steals our credit card numbers, our passwords and our sensitive
information. With this information, they violate all laws and misuse
our information of their benefits.
Data and information violation
• Irrespective of many securities our data can be lost due to damaged
memory or using spam websites while they inject malicious program
Trojan, worm to your computer system which corrupts or even
destroys the data available on your systems. And sometimes this
program which is developed by hackers or crackers retrieves your
bank details with passwords, credit cards information’s and misuse
them.

What’s More

Activity 1 CONNECT THE WIRES

Directions: Identify the generation of computers. Connect through the use

of wires from Column A ( which are the generations of computers) to
Column B ( which are examples of different generation of computers).

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Column A Column B

1st Generation

2nd Generation

3rd Generation

Apply
4th Generation

Activity 1 HOW AM I DOING

Directions: Below is a
5th Generation picture of a
student. Give the
advantages and the disadvantages of
computer to a student.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

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Assess

Test I.
True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is incorrect.
Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper.
____________1. Charles Babbage an English mathematics professor
designed the Analytical Engine were framework of the computers of today
are based on.

___________2. Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the

data, as per given instructions it gives results slowly and inaccurately.

___________3. Computer does not have emotions, knowledge, experience,

feeling.

___________4. Proper collection of the data is called information.

___________5. The goal of fifth generation computing is to develop devices

that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and
self-organization.

Test II.

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Directions: Identify the pros and cons statement of a computer by writing

advantage or disadvantage.

____________6. Computer keeps you entertained

____________7. Computer causes the spread of pornography
____________8. Computer improves your abilities and skills in computing
____________9. Improper digestion is also found in people who work on PC
for long continuous periods.
___________10. Computer helps you connected to your love ones.

Reflect

I have learned about ……

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

I find it difficult to understand on the ….

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
After answering the activities, I felt …
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Answer Key

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What’s More
1.
Apply
- Accept all possible
answers of the students.
2.

3.

4.

5.

References

https://www.google.com/search?
q=history+and+foundations+of+computer&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH929PH929&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=60
0&sxsrf=ALeKk03i3VuJZq98onVG5lFNpxnR4-Qa1A
%3A1625209219839&ei=g7neYIHgMtGQr7wPsZisSA&oq=history&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAEYADIECC
MQJzIECCMQJzIECCMQJzIHCAAQsQMQQzIECAAQQzIFCAAQkQIyBwgAELEDEEMyBAgAEEMyBAgAEE
MyBAgAEEM6BwgAEEcQsAM6BwgAELADEEM6AggAOgcIABCHAhAUOgcIIxDqAhAnOgoIABCxAxCDAR
BDSgQIQRgAUJnGBVikhgZg0JkGaANwAngCgAH8IogBtLUBkgERMC4xLjAuMS4yLjEuMS45LTWYAQCgA
QGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6sAEKyAEKwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz

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https://www.google.com/search?
q=abacus+freepik&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH929PH929&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk03EUaC1aqj5TXiWYEb1O9WM
6dlspw:1625209447680&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjo0MH-
6MPxAhWswosBHZRxDuIQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=600#imgrc=D073OXyqSZ7MQM

https://www.google.com/search?
q=generations+of+computer&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj9reiC6cPxAhVbyZQKHSKaCuMQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=generations+of+computer&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1DfnghYvcYIYLzJCGgAcAB4AIABAIg
BAJIBAJgBF6ABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=cLreYP21KtuS0wSitKqYDg&bih=600
&biw=1366&rlz=1C1GCEA_enPH929PH929&hl=en

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII – Curriculum and Learning

Management Division (CLMD) - Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

Telefax: (053) 323-3156; 323-3854; 824-4627

Email Address: *region8@deped.gov.ph

*clmd.region8@deped.gov.ph *lrmds.region8@deped.gov.ph

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