CHAPTER 4

LESSON 1 PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS

Observation

Teaching Tools Present None

1. Lesson ✔
2. K to 12 Curriculum Guide ✔
3. Teacher’s Manual or Text ✔
4. Reference Materials ✔

5. Instructional Materials ✔
B.

Subject: MTB
Grade Level: Kindergarten
Topic: Mga gamit sa bahay
Standards YES NO
1. The objectives are measurable and developmentally ✔
appropriate for the grade level of the students
2. The content is appropriate for thr grade level of the ✔
students.
3. The instructional materials needed for the lesson are ✔
identified.

4. The sequence of instruction is easy to follow and ✔

logical

5. The sequence of instuction follows an appropriate ✔

instructional design or learning theory.

6. Creative learning experiences are used in the lesson. ✔

7. Differentiated learning is used in the selection of ✔

learning activities.

8. Assessment of learning is included in the ✔

instructional procedure.
Check the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. You may write further remarks in
the last column.
Developmentally Appropriate Teaching
Practices
1.Uses different teaching strategies
2. Promotes positive classroom environment
3. Respects the leaning styles and abilities of the
learners
4. Differentiates learning activities
5. Promotes active learning
6. Uses different instructional materials
7. Uses effective motivation strategy
8. Presents the objective of the lessons effectively
9. Recalls prerequisite knowledge and experiences
of the learners before proceeding to the lesson
10. Presents lesson in meaningful way that is easy
to understand
11. Provides clear examples to explain concepts
12. Provides opportunity for students to
practice/apply what they learned
13. Processes questions and difficulties of students
14. Uses learning strategies that develops creativity
and critical thinking
15. Provides helpful feedback to the students
understand the lesson
16. Encourages students to do their best in
accomplishing ach learning task
19. Shows enthusiasm and interest in every aspect
of teaching
20. Uses appropriate assesment tools to measure
leaning outcomes
Observed Not Observed Remarks
✔ The observation revealed the
utilization of various teaching
strategies.
✔
The observation noted the active
promotion of a positive classroom
environment
✔ It was observed that the approach
acknowledges and respects the
diverse learning styles and
abilities of the learners.
✔ The practice of tailoring learning
activities to individual needs and
abilities was observed.
✔ Active learning promotion was
observed in the classroom.
✔ It was noted that various
instructional materials were
employed during the observation.
✔ The utilization of effective
motivation strategies was observed
during the assessment.
✔ Effectively communicating the
lesson objectives was observed
during the observation.
✔ The practice of reviewing the
learners' prerequisite knowledge
and experiences before
progressing with the lesson was
observed by the teacher.
✔ It was noted that the lesson was
presented in a meaningful way
that was easy for learners to
understand.
✔ The observation revealed the
practice of providing clear
examples to explain concepts
during the instructional process.
✔ The observation noted the
facilitation of opportunities for
students to practice and apply
what they had learned.
✔ The observation identified the
active engagement in addressing
students' questions and
difficulties.
✔ It was observed that the
instructional approach employed
learning strategies aimed at
fostering creativity and critical
thinking skills among the students.
✔ The observation indicated that
helpful feedback was consistently
provided to aid students in
understanding the lesson.
✔ The observation revealed a
consistent provision of helpful
feedback to assist students in
comprehending the lesson.
✔ The observation highlighted the
demonstration of enthusiasm and
interest in every aspect of
teaching.
✔ It was observed that appropriate
assessment tools were employed to
measure learning outcomes
effectively.
Processing

1. What developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are observed in the class?
In the kindergarten class of Ken, developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are
seamlessly integrated, fostering a rich and engaging environment through play-based activities, hands-
on learning experiences, and individualized instruction that addresses the diverse needs of each child.

2. What developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are observed in the class?
In the kindergarten class of Ken, developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are
seamlessly integrated, fostering a rich and engaging environment through play-based activities, hands-
on learning experiences, and individualized instruction that addresses the diverse needs of each child.

3. What developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are observed in the class?
In the kindergarten class of Ken, developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are
seamlessly integrated, fostering a rich and engaging environment through play-based activities, hands-
on learning experiences, and individualized instruction that addresses the diverse needs of each child.

Reflection

I realized that meticulous planning and effective management of the teaching and learning process are
fundamental to creating a successful educational experience. The careful organization of lesson plans,
consideration of diverse learning styles, and proactive strategies for classroom management contribute
significantly to a positive and engaging learning environment.

I believed that a well-structured and thoughtfully planned curriculum, coupled with flexible teaching
methods, can cater to the varied needs of students. Recognizing the importance of adaptability in
response to ongoing assessments and student feedback is vital for continuous improvement.

I feel that as a future teacher, the key to successful teaching and learning lies in a dynamic and
student-focused approach. By fostering a collaborative and inclusive atmosphere, embracing
technology when appropriate, and continually refining teaching strategies based on reflective practices,
the learning process can be optimized for all students.

When I become a teacher, I aspire to be a facilitator of learning who not only imparts knowledge but
also inspires curiosity and critical thinking. Through effective planning and management, I aim to
create an environment where each student can flourish academically and develop the skills needed for
lifelong learning.

Lesson 2 ALIGNING LEARNING OUTCOMES WITH LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Observation

1. Does the school have a copy of the whole K to 12 guides?

Yes, they do.

2. In the curriculum guide available to all teachers?

Yes, the school often provide comprehensive curriculum guides and resources for teachers, parents,
and students.

3. Are the teachers using th K to 12 guide in planning their lessons?

Yes, teachers often utilize the K to 12 guide as a valuable framework for planning lessons, ensuring
alignment with educational standards and benchmarks. However, it's important to note that
instructional planning is also tailored to meet the specific needs of individual students. In some cases,
teachers may adapt or supplement the guide based on the unique learning styles, strengths, and
challenges of their students. The ultimate goal is to provide an inclusive and effective learning
experience for each student.
 4. Are the teachers aware of the differences between content standards, performance standards,
and learning competencies?

Yes, teachers understand content standards, performance standards, and learning competencies.
Content standards outline specific knowledge and skills, performance standards describe proficiency,
and learning competencies break down skills into measurable outcomes for achieving performance
standards.

B. Observation

Knowledge  Students will be able to identify and

name basic shapes, including circle,
square, triangle, and rectangle.
 Students will be able to identify and
name of characters in the story
Skills  Students will demonstrate fine motor
skills by cutting along a straight line and
a simple shape using child-safe scissors.
 Students will demonstrate effective oral
communication skills by using clear
pronunciation, appropriate pacing, and
expressive tone during storytelling.
Values  Students will demonstrate fine motor
skills by cutting along a straight line and
a simple shape using child-safe scissors.
 Students will demonstrate effective oral
communication skills by using clear
pronunciation, appropriate pacing, and
expressive tone during storytelling.

Processing

1. Are the teachers aware of the function of the K-12 curriculum guide?
Yes, teachers are generally aware of the function of the K-12 curriculum guide. The curriculum guide
serves as a blueprint or framework that outlines the content, learning objectives, and instructional
strategies for a specific grade level or course.
2. Are the teachers using the curriculum guide in planning their lessons?
Yes, teachers commonly use the curriculum guide as a foundational resource when planning their
lessons. The curriculum guide provides teachers with a structured outline of what content to cover,
learning objectives to achieve, and suggested instructional strategies.
3. What types of learning outcomes are emphasized in every lesson?
The types of learning outcomes emphasized in every lesson can vary based on the specific goals and
objectives outlined in the curriculum guide, as well as the subject matter and grade level. However,
there are some common types of learning outcomes that are often emphasized in lessons across
different disciplines.
4. Are the learning outcomes of the teachers aligned with the learning competency?
Yes, in an effective educational system, the learning outcomes established by teachers are typically
aligned with the learning competencies outlined in the curriculum. Learning outcomes refer to the
specific knowledge, skills, attitudes, and abilities that students are expected to gain or demonstrate as a
result of their educational experiences.
5. Are the learning strategies of the teachers aligned with the leaning outcomes?
Yes, in effective teaching practices, learning strategies employed by teachers are ideally aligned with
the learning outcomes. The alignment ensures that the methods and approaches used in the classroom
are purposeful and targeted toward achieving the intended educational goals.
6. Are the assessment tools of the teachers alignes with the learning outcomes?
 Yes, effective assessment tools used by teachers are ideally aligned with the learning outcomes. The
alignment between assessments and learning outcomes is crucial for ensuring that the evaluation
methods used in the classroom accurately measure whether students have achieved the intended
educational goals.

REFLECTION

I realized that aligning learning outcomes with learning competencies is crucial for ensuring that
educational goals are clearly defined and attainable. It ensures a focused and purposeful approach to
teaching, where the desired skills and knowledge are explicitly connected to the broader objectives of
the curriculum.

I believed that a thoughtful alignment between learning outcomes and competencies enhances the
educational experience by providing a roadmap for both teachers and students. It establishes a coherent
framework that guides instructional design, assessment strategies, and overall curriculum development,
fostering a more meaningful and intentional learning process.

I feel that as a future teacher, prioritizing this alignment will be essential for creating a student-
centered and outcomes-driven learning environment. By continually assessing and adjusting
instructional methods to align with desired competencies, I can better support students in achieving
their educational goals and preparing them for success beyond the classroom.

When I become a teacher, I am committed to consistently evaluating and refining the alignment
between learning outcomes and competencies. This reflective practice will be integral to ensuring that
my teaching methods effectively contribute to the holistic development of students, equipping them
with the skills and knowledge needed for future challenges.

Lesson 3 Relevance and responsiveness of learning programs

Planning And implementing

• A School Improvement Plan (SIP) or
School Development Plan (SDP)
• The Annual Implementation Plan (AIP)

Integral components of the School-Based

Management (SBM) thrust
CHAPTER 2

LESSON 4 (SUPPORT FOR LEARNER PARTICIPATION)

OBSERVATION

Yes No

1. The teacher tells the students of his or her expectations after ✔

every activity.
2. The teacher recognizes the effort made by the students who ✔
participate.

3. The classroom is arranged in a way that the students can see ✔

and communicate with each other.
4. The teacher moves around the room as he or she discusses ✔
the lesson.
5. The teacher makes use of various teaching strategies to elicit ✔
the students' participation.
6. The students are given the opportunity to discuss their ✔
thoughts, ideas, and opinions with the whole class or some
classmates.

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have observed in class.

1. How does the teacher encourage the students to participate actively in class?
The teacher in the kindergarten class employs several strategies to encourage active participation
among the students. She uses a lot of visual aids and interactive materials to make lessons fun and
engaging. This includes colorful charts, educational games, and hands-on activities that stimulate
the children's interest.

2. What do you think is the best classroom setup to encourage the students to engage in the
activity?
In my opinion, the best classroom setup to encourage active engagement in activities for
kindergarten students involves a combination of various elements. It should have a colorful and
inviting environment with visually stimulating decorations, educational posters, and age-
appropriate artwork can capture the children's attention and make the classroom an appealing
space.

3. What strategies should the teacher use to make the students participate in class?
As a student observing a kindergarten class, I believe the teacher could employ several effective
strategies to encourage student participation just like positive reinforcement like giving praises to
the students and or giving them stars or stamps.

Reflection

1. I realized that supporting for learner participation is important because it enhances the overall learning
experience. When students actively engage in the learning process, they are more likely to understand
and retain information
2. I believe that supporting learner participation is important because it cultivates a more engaging and
interactive learning environment. When students actively participate, they become more invested in the
 learning process, which can lead to a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Actively involving
learners in discussions, activities, and hands-on experiences not only enhances their academic skills but
also promotes critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
3. I feel that learner participation is important because it creates an inclusive and dynamic learning
environment. When students actively engage in the learning process, they are more likely to develop a
genuine interest in the subject matter. This active involvement fosters a sense of curiosity and
enthusiasm, making the learning experience more enjoyable and meaningful.
4. When I become a teacher, I will support my students in anyway I can. I will recognize and cater to
the diverse learning styles and abilities of my students. Implement teaching strategies that
accommodate various learning preferences and provide opportunities for success for all of my students.

LESSON 5

PROMOTION OF PURPOSIVE LEARNING

YES NO
1. The learning environment promotes respect by giving the students ✔
opportunities to listen to each other.
2. The students are provided with avenues to observe and practice a skill. ✔
3. All experiences are considered learning experiences. ✔
4. The students are given opportunities to collaborate with each ✔
5. The teacher uses other strategies aside from lecture to help the students ✔
understand the lesson.

PROCESSING

1. Does the teacher support purposive learning? If yes, how? If no, how can the teacher support
purposive learning?
Yes, the teacher can support purposive learning by clearly communicating learning objectives,
designing lessons with real-world applications, and involving students in goal-setting processes to
foster a purposeful and goal-oriented educational experience.

2. How else can purposive learning be promoted in the classroom?

In a kindergarten classroom, purposive learning can be promoted by incorporating thematic units that
align with specific learning objectives, integrating hands-on and play-based activities to make learning
meaningful, and fostering a positive, supportive environment that encourages children to actively
engage in purposeful exploration and discovery.

Reflection
I realized that the promotion of purposive learning is essential for fostering a meaningful educational
experience. By aligning learning objectives with engaging activities and real-world applications,
students can develop a sense of purpose in their studies, leading to deeper understanding and
enthusiasm for learning.

I believed that creating a supportive and inclusive classroom environment is crucial for effective
purposive learning. Recognizing and accommodating diverse learning styles, encouraging student
involvement in goal-setting, and providing constructive feedback all contribute to a positive
educational atmosphere that empowers students to take ownership of their learning journey.

I feel that as a future teacher, my commitment to promoting purposive learning will be centered on
creating dynamic, interactive lessons that cater to individual needs. I aim to foster a love for learning
by emphasizing the practical relevance of knowledge and encouraging students to set and achieve their
own goals.

When I become a teacher, I aspire to implement purposive learning strategies that not only align with
curriculum objectives but also inspire curiosity and critical thinking. By creating a classroom where
students understand the purpose and relevance of their education, I hope to cultivate a lifelong love for
learning and empower them for future success.
LESSON 6 MANAGEMENT OF LEARNER BEHAVIOR
Yes
1. Does the teacher expect the students to respond
according to how the lesson was taught?
2. Does the teacher provide the students with
opportunities to engage in activities of their
choice?
3. Does the teacher provide immediate feedback like
praises or grades?
4. Is the classroom environment arranged so that the
students can easily collaborate?
5. Is the classroom environment arranged so that the
students can freely explore their interests?
6. Does the teacher provide students with the
opportunities to succeed?
7. Does the teacher immediately correct the
mistakes made by the students?
8. Does the teacher guide the students to discover
their own mistakes?
9. Does the teacher allow the students to commit
mistaks until they are able to correct these errors
on their own?
10. Is the student-teacher relationship cordial?
11. Can the students freely express their thoughts and
ideas in class?
12. Does the teacher listen to the student’s ideas?
No Remarks
✔ The teacher does expect students
to respond in alignment with the
lesson taught, fostering a clear
understanding of the material.
✔ Opportunities for students to
engage in activities of their choice
are provided, allowing for
personalized and meaningful
learning experiences.
✔ Immediate feedback, including
praises or grades, is given by the
teacher, promoting a timely
understanding of performance and
achievements.
✔ The classroom environment is
structured to facilitate easy
collaboration among students,
encouraging teamwork and shared
learning experiences.
✔ The classroom setup allows
students the freedom to explore
their interests independently,
fostering a sense of curiosity and
self-directed learning.
✔ The teacher actively provides
students with opportunities to
succeed, creating an environment
that nurtures confidence and a
positive attitude towards learning.
✔ Immediate correction of mistakes
is practiced, aiding in the students'
understanding and improvement
in real-time.
✔ The teacher guides students in
discovering their own mistakes,
encouraging critical thinking and
problem-solving skills.
✔ Students are allowed to make
mistakes as part of the learning
process, with the teacher
facilitating corrections and
promoting independent error
resolution.
✔ The student-teacher relationship is
cordial, creating a positive and
supportive atmosphere within the
classroom.
✔ Students can freely express their
thoughts and ideas in class,
contributing to a dynamic and
inclusive learning environment.
✔ The teacher actively listens to
students' ideas, promoting open
communication and
acknowledging the importance of
student perspectives in the
learning process.
 Processing

1. What kind of classroom management does the teacher practice? Why?

It is similar with B.F. Skinner’s management style. Skinner's operant conditioning theory suggests
that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow them.
Teachers following Skinner's style would focus on creating a learning environment where positive
behaviors are consistently reinforced, and negative behaviors are addressed with appropriate
consequences.

2. Do you think that the management style that the teacher is using in class contributes to the
students’ learning? Why and why not?
Yes, because when it is applied inside the classroom, it can contribute to students' learning when
used effectively.

3. If you were the teacher, what management style would best maximize students’ learning?
As a teacher, I would adopt an inclusive and student-centered management style that blends
elements of behaviorism and constructivism. Clear expectations, positive reinforcement,
differentiated instruction, and a focus on intrinsic motivation would collectively create a
supportive and dynamic learning environment tailored to the diverse needs of each student,
maximizing overall learning outcomes.

Reflection

I realized that effective management of learner behavior is pivotal for creating a conducive
learning environment. Addressing behavior proactively not only minimizes disruptions but also
cultivates a positive atmosphere where students can thrive academically and socially.

I believed that a balanced approach, combining clear expectations and consistent reinforcement
with an understanding of individual needs, fosters a supportive learning environment.
Acknowledging the diversity of learners and tailoring management strategies to their unique
strengths and challenges is essential for success.

I feel that as a future teacher, it is crucial to approach behavior management with empathy,
recognizing that each student is an individual with distinct learning styles and backgrounds.
Building positive relationships, fostering open communication, and promoting a sense of
belonging will be foundational in effectively managing learner behavior.

When I become a teacher, I aim to create a classroom where students feel respected, supported,
and motivated to engage actively in the learning process. Implementing a student-centered
approach to behavior management will not only contribute to a harmonious classroom but also
enhance the overall educational experience for my students.