PCS-931
Line Differential Relay
Optionally, the PCS-931 incorporates two sets of CT input for
dual-breaker application. The dual-breaker failure protection,
dual-breaker auto-reclosing and stub protection are integrated
for one-and-a-half breaker and ring breaker arrangements. To
enhance the accuracy of data sampling, the frequency-tracking
function is used to trace the real-time current/voltage value. The
PCS-931 adopts the advanced UAPC multi-processor platform
which is fully complied with IEC 61850. It provides the interfaces
for station bus and process bus respectively and supports IEC
61850-8-1 MMS, GOOSE, IEC 61850-9-2 Sampling Value. And
it provides the RJ-45 front port for testing and setting to make
commissioning and maintenance easier.
Functions
Protection and Control
• Phase-segregated current differential protection. (87)
Dynamic charging current compensation technology and CT
saturation detection are integrated to realize a combination
of both sensitivity and security of current differential protec-
tion.
• Zero sequence current differential protection. (87)
Zero sequence current differential protection integrates the
dynamic charging current compensation technology and CT
saturation detection, aiming at quickly detecting and clearing
the ground fault.
• DPFC differential protection. (87)
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The PCS-931 relay provides a full-scheme numerical
line protection with phase-segregated current differential
protection, zero sequence current differential protection,
stepped distance protection, current protection and voltage
protection with single and/or three pole tripping and auto-
reclosing. It introduces an extensive functional library,
programmable logic and configurable I/O, intending for
the use on overhead lines and underground cables of all
Functional Block
voltage levels, Diagram
including series compensated lines, double-
circuit lines, three-terminal lines, heavily loaded lines, weak
infeed (WI), short lines and extremely long lines. An extra
communication port is optional to provide dual protection
channels for three-terminal application and redundant
application. The PCS-931 adopts a wide range of innovative
patented technologies, such as DPFC (Deviation Power
Frequency Component) distance protection and unique
power swing blocking logic, to guarantee accurate and
reliable operations.
Deviation of Power Frequency Component (DPFC) differen-
tial current protection is sensitive to high resistance fault and
is immune to load current variation.
• DPFC distance protection. (21D)
Innovative Deviation of Power Frequency Component(DPFC)
distance protection can quickly clear faults.
• Four zones of phase-to-phase distance protection. (21P)
Four zones of phase-to-phase distance protection integrates
the memorized positive sequence voltage polarization, di-
rection characteristic, load blinder and unique low-voltage
distance element. The fourth zone is the reversal directional
protection. Mho and quadrilateral characteristics are pro-
vided for selection.
• Four zones of phase-to-ground distance protection. (21G)
Four zones of phase-to-ground distance protection inte-
grates the memorized positive sequence voltage polariza-
tion, reactance characteristic, direction characteristic, load
blinder and unique low-voltage distance element. The fourth
zone is the reversal directional protection. Mho and quadri-
lateral characteristics are provided for selection.
• Four stages of directional phase overcurrent protection. (67P,
50/51P)
Overcurrent protection can be supervised by voltage ele-
ment and directional element. IDMT curves complied with
IEC and ANSI standard are present for selection.
• Four stages of directional zero sequence overcurrent protec-
tion. (67N, 50/51N)
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 Overcurrent protection can be supervised by voltage ele-
ment and directional element. IDMT curves complied with
IEC and ANSI standard are present for selection.
• Breaker failure protection for one or two breakers (50BF)
Breaker failure protection can be applied to one breaker and
two breakers.
• Two stages of under voltage protection and two stages of
over voltage protection (27/59)
Under/over phase voltage protection and under/over (positive
sequence, negative sequence or zero sequence) voltage
protection are provided.
• Four stages of underfrequency protection and four stages of
over frequency protection (81)
Frequency is calculated reference to the positive sequence
voltage. The protection can be supervised by the df/dt ele-
ment and the undervoltage element.
• Stub protection for T-Zone in 3/2 breaker arrangement. (50S)
Stub protection is introduced to protect T-zone in a one-and-
a-half breaker scheme or a ring breaker scheme.
• Time phase overcurrent protection during VT failure. (51P
VT)
Time phase overcurrent protection will be enabled if phase-
to-phase distance protection is blocked by VT failure.
• Time zero sequence overcurrent protection during VT failure.
(51N VT)
Time zero sequence overcurrent protection will be enabled if
phase-to-ground distance protection is blocked by VT failure.
• Broken conductor protection (46BC)
The ratio of negative to positive phase sequence current (Ι2/
Ι1) is adopted to detect the broken conduct.
• Switch-onto-fault (SOTF) logic.
Switch-onto-fault logic is used to clear fault during manually-
closing and auto-reclosing.
• Out-of-step tripping (78)
The out-of-step status is detected in the relay and it can be
used to trip the transmission line.
• Unique power swing blocking logic. (68)
The power swing blocking logic can prevent mal-operation
during external fault a power swing and clear the internal
fault in power swing.
• Thermal overload protection. (49)
The output of thermal overload protection can be set to trip-
ping or alarm.
• Dead zone protection (50DZ)
It is provided to clear the dead zone fault between CT and
breaker.
• Synchronism check. (25)
Synchronism check and dead bus or dead line check are
both provided for auto-reclosing.
• Auto-reclosing (single and/or three-pole for one or two
breakers). (79)
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Single/three pole auto-reclosing is applicable to one or two
breakers. Priority logic is integrated for use on one-and-a-
half breaker application and ring breaker application.
• Voltage and current drift auto adjustment.
The relay continually and automatically traces the voltage
and current drifts and adjusts the zero point to the normal
value.
• Frequency tracking.
Frequency tracking is provided to accommodate the fre-
quency shift in power system.
Monitoring and Metering
• CT failure supervision.
• VT failure supervision.
• Tripping circuit supervision.
• Self diagnostic.
• Auxiliary power supervision.
• Event recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024
binary events, 1024 supervision events and 1024 operating
logs.
• Counter of circuit breaker operation (single-pole tripping,
three-pole tripping and reclosing).
• Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance records
with waveforms (The file format of disturbance recorder is
compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Communications
• Single- or double- pilot channel based on dedicated optical
fiber or multiplex channel(C37.94 or G.703 with external
converter).
• Two 10Base-T/100Base-TX (RJ45) ports and two optional
100Base-FX ports with IEC 61850-8-1 MMS and GOOSE for
non-time-critical message, IEC 60870-5-103 over TCP/IP or
DNP 3.0.
• Two RS-485 rear ports with IEC 60870-5-103.
• Six or Eight 100Base-FX ports with IEC 61850-9-2 Sampling
Value and GOOSE for time-critical message
• One RS-485 rear port for clock synchronization
• One RS-232 rear port for printer
• One faceplate RJ45 port for testing and setting
• Clock synchronization via Pulse-Per-Second, IRIG-B and
SNTP
Features
• The PCS-931 can quickly clear the internal fault for the
whole line and the typical operation time is 10ms for a close-
in fault and 25ms for a remote fault.
• The relay is based on NR’s well established and proven
UAPC hardware platform with multi-processor architecture.
The multi CPU technology supports parallel operation
simultaneously.
• The PCS-931 adopts high restraint factor and self-adaptive
floating restraint threshold to realize both high reliability and
sensitivity even in the CT saturation.
• Data exchange between PCS-931 in different substations auto-reclosing is integrated.
can be achieved by dedicated optical fiber or G.703/C37.94
• Instantaneous, definite time and inverse time (IDMT)
communication interface. Error bit statistic and loss of
characteristics are available in phase overcurrent protection
communications detection are supplied to determine the
and the zero sequence overcurrent protection which can
health of communication channel, measure and continuously
be controlled by directional protection and/or under voltage
compensate channel delay.
protection through logic setting.
• The dynamic charging current compensation technology
• Three zones of forward distance element and one zone of
is integrated to acquire accurate differential current for
reverse distance element are provided.
application on long overhead lines or cables.
• Users can select either Mho or quadrangle with Mho
• The CT ratio of different terminals can be regulated by
characteristics for distance protection. The load blinder
setting the relevant configurable coefficients in software.
function is also integrated.
• The PCS-931 can receive/send the tripping commands
• The independent phase selection element can select the
from/to the protection at the opposite terminal via fiber optic
faulty phase and make a phase trip correctly, even for a high
channel.
resistance fault.
• Each zone of phase-ground distance protection is provided
• The two independent data acquisition paths can prevent any
with independent zero-sequence compensation.
undesired trip caused by component failure. One works as a
• The sensitive DPFC distance protection is less affected by fault detector and the other is designed for protection and its
power swing and thus is integrated to target quick clearance logic. Tripping outputs are supervised by the fault detector to
of internal fault. prevent any mal-operation.
• The patented adaptive floating threshold method is • Optional connector type: one is the plug in/out terminal
insensitive to system unbalance and disturbance. The connector and the other is the screw terminal connector. The
measuring element can achieve high security and high unique plug in/out terminal connectors are used to connect
speed simultaneously. the rear panel to the terminal blocks on the rack or cabinet,
making on-site commissioning and replacement much easier
• The unique built-in power swing blocking logic can properly
than using traditional screw terminals.
supervise the distance protection during a power swing. The
power swing blocking logic can prevent mal-operation for • The relay is compatible with IEC 61850-8-1 MMS, GOOSE
an external fault and quickly clear the internal fault during a and IEC 61850-9-2 Sampling Value and provides the
power swing. independent interfaces for station bus and process bus
respectively.
• Up to four shots single and/or three pole auto-reclosing with
synchro-check and dead line/bus check are provided for
multi-breaker configuration. The priority logic of multi-breaker

Technical data
Power Supply
Standard IEC 60255-11:2008
Voltage Range 88 to 300 Vdc or 88 to 264 Vac
Permissible AC ripple voltage ≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
<30W (for conventional substation application)
Quiescent condition
<35W (for smart substation application)
Burden
<35W (for conventional substation application)
Operating condition
<40W (for smart substation application)

Analog Current
Standard IEC 60255-27:2005
Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz
Nominal range fn±5Hz
Rated Current (In) 1A 5A
Linear to 0.05In ~ 40In
continuously 4In
for 10s 30In
Thermal withstand capability
for 1s 200In
for half a cycle 250In
Burden <0.2VA/phase < 0.25VA/phase

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 Analog Voltage
Standard IEC 60255-6, IEC60288
Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz
Nominal range fn±5Hz
Rated phase-to-phase voltage (Un) 100~130V 200V (Broken delta for residual voltage)
linear to 1~170V 1~233V
continuously 200V 220V
Thermal withstand capability 10s 260V 380V
1s 300V 420V
Burden < 0.20VA/phase @Un < 0.8VA/phase@Un

Binary Inputs
Standard IEC 60255-1:2009
Rated voltage 24V 30V 48V 110V 125V 220V 250V
Rated current 1.2mA 1.5mA 2.4mA 1.1mA 1.25mA 2.2mA 2.5mA
Pickup voltage 13V~17V 17V~21V 26V~34V 60.5V~77V 60.5V~77V 121V~154V 121V~154V
Dropout voltage 90% of pickup voltage
Maximum permissive voltage 300Vdc
Withstand 2000VAC, 2800VDC(continuously)
Resolving time for logic input <1ms

Binary Outputs
Item Tripping contact Signal contact
Output mode Potential free contact
5A@250V AC 8A@380V AC
Continuous carry
5A@250V DC 8A@250V DC
Pickup time <8ms <10ms
Drop-off time <5ms (not include delay time by software) <8ms
6A@3s 10A@3s
Short duration current 15A@0.5s 20A@0.5s
30A@0.1s 30A@0.2s
0.6A@48VDC 0.7A@48VDC
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms) 0.2A@110VDC 0.3A@110VDC
0.1A@220VDC 0.2A@220VDC
380V AC 380V AC
Maximal working voltage
250V DC 250V DC
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1minute 1200V RMS for 1 minute

Mechanical Specifications
Enclosure dimensions (W×H×D) 482.6mm×177.0mm×291.0mm
Mounting Flush mounted
Trepanning dimensions (W×H) 450.0mm×179.0mm, M6 screw
Housing color Silver grey
Protection class: IEC 60255-1:2009
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (Flush mounted)
Other sides IP30
Rear side, connection terminals IP20
Pollution degree 2

Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Standard IEC 60255-1:2009
Operating temperature -40°C to +70°C Note: The operating temperature of LCD is -20°C ~ +70°C
Transport and storage temperature range -40°C ~ +70°C
Permissible humidity 5% ~ 95%, condensation not permissible
Altitude <3000m

Communication Port
- EIA-485 Port
Baud rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997
Maximal capacity 32
Transmission distance <500m
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable

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- Ethernet Port
Connector type RJ-45
Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 10Base-T/100Base-TX
Transmission distance <100m
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997 or IEC 61850
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

- Optical Fiber Port

Characteristic Plastic optical fiber Glass optical fiber
Terminal BFOC/2.5 (OR F-SMA) BFOC/2.5 (OR F-SMA)
Fibre size Step-index 980/1000 μm Graded-index 62.5/125 μm
Transmission distance Up to 40m Up to 1000m
Wave length 660nm 820nm~860nm
Transmission power Min. -7dBm Min. -16dBm
Minimum receiving power Min. -20dBm Min. -24dBm
System reserve Min +3dB Min +3dB

- Print Port
Type RS-232
Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Printer type EPSON® 300K printer
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

- Clock Synchronization Port

Type RS-485
Transmission distance <500m
Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

Type Test
- Environmental tests
Dry cold test Per IEC60068-2-1:2007
Dry heat test Per IEC60068-2-2:2007
Damp heat test, cyclic Per IEC60068-2-30:2005

- Mechanical tests
Vibration Per IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class I
Shock and bump Per IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class I

- Electrical tests
Standard IEC 60255-27:2005
Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Standard IEC 60255-5:2000
Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV
Overvoltage category III
Insulation resistance measurements Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC

- Electromagnetic Compatibility
1MHz burst disturbance test
Electrostatic discharge test
Radio frequency interference tests
Fast transient disturbance tests
Per IEC 60255-22-1:2007
Common mode: class III 2.5kV
Differential mode: class III 1.0kV
Per IEC60255-22-2:2008 class IV
For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
Per IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class III
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80…1000MHz
Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
Per IEC 60255-22-4:2008
Power supply, I/O, Earth: class IV, 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class IV, 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns

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Surge immunity test
Conducted RF Electromagnetic Disturbance
Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
Auxiliary power supply performance
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Per IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class IV, 1.2/50us
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV
Per IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class III, 10Vrms, 150 kHz~80MHz
Per IEC 61000-4-8:2001
class V, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
Per IEC 61000-4-9:2001
class V, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-10:2001
class V, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
IEC60255-11: 2008
Voltage dips: Up to 300ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset
Voltage short interruptions: 100ms for interruption without rebooting
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