F@]@[O\O^OH FJDPHE^OS

’ Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh Noh F`kijofoh @ro Jtjhjdi No`roa —

Ji`a

F`ijdpjf

D. Hosrui [odonaoh (1511312==1) Nioh Olusti ^ohjuhl

[obby @nwor (1511312==5) (1111312=2<) Iizo Duiyohti

@iviho (1511312==3) (1511312==;)

Bonioa [iiwoayuhi (1511312=><) ^iyo ]utri Uuhi

[iboaotui (1511312=31) Ohhiso

Doadunoa(1511312=>1) Sajiiaot (1511312=3;) Hiso

A`styorihi (1511312=2=)

Njs`h ]`dkidkihl7

Djan. Godii.,

SFp.,D.Kij.D`n

][JL[OD K F@]@[O\
O^OH BOFPI^OS F@]@[O\
O^OH PHER@[SE^OS
OHNOIOS

;=;=
 FO^O ]@HLOH^O[

]uji syufur fodi ucopfoh f`aonirot Oiioa S\^, yohl otos k`rfot roadot-
Hyo s`aihllo fodi nopot d`hy`i`soifoh tulos F`p`rowotoh Fjduhitos yohl
k`rjunui ’Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh Noh F`kijofoh @ro Jtjhjdi No`roa—.
]`huiisoh dofoioa ihi d`rupofoh soioa sotu tulos yohl nik`rifoh noiod
doto fuiioa F`p`rowotoh Fjduhitos ni Bofuitos F`p`rowotoh Phohn.

Noiod p`huiisoh dofoioa ihi fodi d`roso dosia kohyof f`furohloh koif
pono t`fhis p`huiisoh doupuh dot`ri, d`hlihlot f`dodpuoh yohl fodi
diiifi. Phtuf itu, fritif noh soroh nori s`duo piaof sohlot fodi
aoropfoh n`di
p`hy`dpurhooh p`dkuotoh dofoioa ihi.

Noiod p`huiisoh dofoioa ihi p`huiis d`hyodpoifoh ucopoh t`ridofosia

f`pono piaof-piaof yohl d`dkohtu noiod d`hy`i`soifoh dofoioa ihi, fausushyo

f`pono Njs`h fodi yohl t`ioa d`dk`rifoh tulos noh p`tuhjuf f`pono
fodi,
s`aihllo fodi nopot d`hy`i`soifoh tulos ihi. S`djlo dofoioa ihi nopot k`rdohboot
koli p`dkoco.

]onohl, ;0 B`kruori ;=;=

]`dofoioa
 NOB^O[ ESE

FO^O ]@HLOH^O[ ...................................................................................... ;

NOB^O[ ESE...................................................................................................... 3

KOK E ]@HNOAPIPOH

O. IotorK`iofohl......................................................................................... >
K. [udusoh Dosoioa..................................................................................... 0
C. ^ujuoh................................................................................................................... 0

KOK EE ^EHGOPOH ^@J[E^ES

O. Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh...................................................................... 2

K. F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh Hosijhoi <
C. ]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa ]ono S`ftjr ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh........ 1
N. Aoi-Aoi Uohl D`hy`kokfoh ]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa
uhtuf s`ctjr p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh ni Ehnjh`sio
D`hjoni ^inof Jptidoi............................................................................... 11
@. Coro D`hljptidoifoh ]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa uhtuf s`ctjr
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh................................................................................... 13
B. ]`iofsohooh ]`ioyohooh F`s`aotoh ni @ro Jtjhjdi No`roa ........................ 1>

KOK EEE ]@HP^P] ..............................................................................................................15

O. F`sidpuioh............................................................................................... 15
K. Soroh........................................................................................................ 15

NOB^O[ ]PS^OFO
 KOK E
]@HNOAPIPOH

O. Iotor K`iofohl

F`kijofoh jtjhjdi no`roa noh jtjhjdi ni kinohl f`s`aotoh

d`dkowo idpiifosi t`raonop p`rukoaoh s`foiilus tohtohloh koli
p`hy`i`hllorooh
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh, t`rdosuf rudoa sofit. Soioa sotu p`rukoaoh yohl
t`rjoni ni noiod p`hl`ijiooh rudoa sofit onoioa k`rukoahyo sist`d
p`hl`ijiooh f`uohloh d`hjoni rudoa sofit swonoho. ]`rukoaoh rudoa
sofit d`hjoni swonoho koif s`coro iohlsuhl doupuh s`coro tinof iohlsuhl
ofoh k`rofikot
k`rl`s`rhyo rudoa sofit nori buhlsi sjsioi durhi k`rukoa d`hjoni buhlsi
sjsij`fjhjdi.
]`dk`riofuoh jtjhjdi no`roa duioi nit`ropfoh d`ioiui PP Hjdjr
;; toauh 1555, noh p`iofsoohoohhyo koru niduioi toauh ;==1.
^ujuoh n`s`htroiisosi t`rs`kut ni kinohl f`s`aotoh onoioa d`wujunfoh
p`dkohluhoh hosijhoi ni kinohl f`s`aotoh yohl k`riohnosfoh proforso
noh ospirosi dosyorofot n`hloh coro d`dk`rnoyofoh, d`hlaidpuh, noh
d`hljptidoifoh
pjt`hsi no`roa uhtuf f`p`htihloh no`roa noh prijritos Hosijhoi
noiod d`hcopoi Ehnjh`sio s`aot ;=1=. Nodpof idpi`d`htosi
p`iofsohooh n`s`htroiisosi ni s`duo kinohl fausushyo ni kinohl f`s`aotoh
k`iud s`suoi n`hloh tujuoh n`s`htroiisosi yohl s`k`horhyo. Aoi ihi
t`riiaot nori r`oiito

fjhnisi f`s`aotoh yohl fito aonopi soot ihi, s`p`rti onohyo p`rk`nooh stotus
f`s`aotoh ohtoro no`roa yohl dosia tihlli, r`hnoahyo fuoiitos
f`s`aotoh dosyorofot disfih, onohyo k`koh lohno p`hyofit, dosia
r`hnoahyo fuoiitos,
fuohtitos, p`d`rotooh noh ofs`s t`raonop p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh. dosoioa
f`s`aotoh julo niaonopfoh pono p`rdosoioaoh f`s`aotoh
iihlfuhloh,
p`hnohooh s`ftjr f`s`aotoh noh p`hluosooh t`fhis p`iofsohooh n`s`htroiisosi
ji`a p`d`rihtoa.
 K`rk`no n`hloh dosyorofot p`rfjtooh yohl d`dpuhyoi kohyof
oit`rhotiv`, soroho p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh, dosyorofot ni wiioyoa f`codotoh
 t`rutodo ni no`roa t`rp`hcii d`horua aoropoh aohyo pono uhit pustu noh
pjiihn`s nikowoa iihlfup pusf`sdos. s`aihllo pusf`sdos d`hjoni ujuhl
tjdkof t`rn`fot yohl ofoh d`dk`rifoh p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh t`rkoif
f`pono dosyorofot. d`dkoaos t`htohl p`ioyohoh nosor f`s`aotoh ni `ro
jtjhjdi

no`roa, s`potuthyo fito d`rujuf pono r`oiito ni no`roa p`n`sooh, t`rp`hcii,

f`puiouoh, rowoh k`hcoho noh no`roa disfih.

K. [udusoh Dosoioa
K`rnosorfoh iotor k`iofohl niotos, p`huiis nopot d`rudusfoh opo sojo
yohl ofoh nikoaos noiod dofoioa ihi, yoitu 7
1. Koloidoho Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh:
;. Koloidoho F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh Hosijhoi:
3. Koloidoho ]`iofsohooh ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh noh F`kijofoh Ni @ro
Jtjhjdi No`roa:

C. ^ujuoh
1. Phtuf D`hl`toaui koloidoho Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh
;. Phtuf D`hl`toaui koloidoho F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh Hosijhoi
3. Phtuf D`hl`toaui koloidoho ]`iofsohooh ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh noh

F`kijofoh Ni @ro Jtjhjdi No`roa

 KOK EE
^EHGOPOH ]PS^OFO

O. Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh

1. Fjhs`p Nosor Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh

Sist`d p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh onoioa fudpuioh nori k`rkoloi boftjr
yohl fjdpi`f noh soiihl k`raukuhloh yohl t`rnopot noiod suotu h`loro,
yohl nip`riufoh uhtuf d`d`huai f`kutuaoh noh tuhtutoh f`s`aotoh
p`rjrohloh, f`ijdpjf, dosyorofot pono s`tiop soot yohl nikutuafoh (\AJ
151>). Sist`d f`s`aotoh hosijhoi p`riu niiofsohofoh noiod fjht`fs
p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh s`coro f`s`iuruaoh n`hloh d`dp`rtidkohlfoh
n`t`rdihoh sjsioi, s`p`rti fjhnisi f`ainupoh s`aori-aori, tihlfot
p`hninifoh, p`hnopotoh f`iuorlo, nistrikusi f`w`hohloh, f`odohoh,
sudk`rnoyo, f`sonoroh dosyorofot, s`rto f`dodpuoh t`holo f`s`aotoh
noiod d`hlotosi dosoioa-dosoioa t`rs`kut.
S`tiop upoyo yohl nis`i`hllorofoh s`hniri otou s`coro k`rsodo
noiod suotu jrlohisosi uhtuf d`d`iiaoro noh d`hihlfotfoh f`s`aotoh,
d`hc`loa noh d`hy`dkuafoh p`hyofit s`rto d`duiiafoh f`s`aotoh
p`rs`jrohloh, f`iuorlo, f`ijdpjf noh dosyorofot (i`v`y noh ijjdko
15<3). Syst`d
p`ioyohoh d`nic cjhtjahyo s`p`rti rudoa sofit. S`d`htoro
pusf`sdos d`hcohlfup syst`d p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh dosyorofot noh
syst`d p`ioyohoh d`nic. ^`jri t`htohl sist`d7

o. Ehput, d`rupofoh suksist`d yohl ofoh d`dk`rifoh s`loio dosufoh uhtuf

k`rbuhlsihyo s`kuoa sist`d.s`p`rti sist`d p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh.
k. ]rjs`s, suotu f`liotoh yohl k`rbuhlsi uhtuf d`hlukoa s`kuoa
dosufoh uhtuf d`hjonifoh s`kuoa aosii yohl ni aoropfoh nori
s`kuoa sist`d t`rs`kut,dofo yohl nidofsun prjs`s onoioa k`rkoloi
f`liotoh noiod
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh
c. Jutput, aosii yohl nip`rji`a nori s`kuoa prjs`s,noiod sist`d
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotohaosiihyo n`hloh k`rupo p`ioyohoh
f`s`aotoh yohl
 k`rfuoiitos,`b`ftib noh `bisi`h s`aihllo nopot nijohlfou ji`a s`tiop iopisoh
dosyorofots`aihllo posi`h s`dkua noh s`aot jptidoi.
n. Nodpof , d`rupofoh ofikot yohl niaosiifoh s`kuoa aosii nori s`kuoa
sist`d,yohl t`rjoni r`iotib iodo woftuhyo.

`. Pdpoh koiif , d`rupofoh s`kuoa aosii yohl s`foiilus d`hjoni

dosufoh noh ihi t`rjoni nori s`kuoa sist`d yohl soiihl k`raukuhloh
noh soiihl
d`dp`hloruai udpoh koiif noiod sist`d p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nopot
k`rupo fuoiitos t`holo f`s`aotoh yohl julo nopot d`hjonifoh ihput
yohl s`ioiu d`hihlfot.
b. Iihlfuhloh , s`duo f`onooh ni iuor sist`d t`topi nopot d`dp`hloruai
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh s`koloidoho noiod sist`d
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh,k`rupo iihlfuhloh l`jlrobis,otou situosi fjhnisi
sjsioi yohl ono ni dosyorofot s`p`rti ihstitusi ni iuor p`ioyohoh
f`s`aotoh.

;. G`his ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh

D`hurut p`hnopot Ajnl`tts noh Coscij (1513) ono ; j`his p`ioyohoh
f`s`aotoh 7
o. ]`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh dosyorofot
]`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh dosyorofot nitohnoi n`hloh coro
p`hljrlohisosioh yohl uddhyo s`coro k`rsodo-sodo noiod suotu
jrlohisosi, tujuoh utodohyo onoioa uhtuf d`d`iiaoro no d`hihlfotfoh

f`s`aotoh s`rto d`hc`loa p`hyofit s`rto sosoroh hyo t`rutodo

uhtuf f`ijdpjf noh dosyorofot.
k. ]`ioyohoh f`njft`roh
]`ioyohoh f`njft`roh nitohnoi n`hloh coro p`hljrlohisosioh
yohl nopot k`rsibot s`hniri otou s`coro k`rsodo-sodo noiod suotu
jrlohisosi, tujuoh utodohyo uhtuf d`hy`dkuafoh p`hyofit noh
d`duiiafoh f`s`aotoh, s`rto sosorohhyo t`rutodo uhtuf p`rs`jrohloh noh
f`iuorlo.

3. Syorot ]jfjf ]`ioyohoh

 Syorot pjfjf p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh7
o. ^`rs`nio noh k`rf`sihodkuhloh, ortihyo tinof suiit nit`dufoh s`rto
f`k`ronoohhyo noiod dosyorofot onioa pono s`tiop soot yohl nikutuafoh.
k. Nopot nit`rido noh k`rsibot wojor, ortihyo tinof k`rt`htohloh
n`hloh

f`yofihoh dosyorofot.
c. Dunoa nicopoi
n. Dunoa nijohlfou
`. K`rdutu

>. B`hjd`ho noiod ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh

B`hjd`ho noiod p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh7
o. Syst`d p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh yohl tinof d`roto nidoho tihlfot f`sofitoh
noh f`dotioh worlo disfih c`hnruhl i`kia tihlli nori f`iuorlo foyo.
k. ]jio p`hyofit s`dofih fjdi`fs. D`hihlfothyo p`hyofit tinof d`huior
yohl d`hy`kokfoh onohyo f`kutuaoh ioyohoh rowot ihop.
c. Fih`rjo p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh s`ftj pukiic c`hnruhl d`huruh nis`kokfoh
onohyo njdihosi p`ioyohoh swosto
n. Duhcuihyo p`hyofit-p`hyofit koru sp`rti AER,biu kuruhl,biu koki

`. ]`hnohooh f`s`aotoh c`hnruhl r`hnoa noh tinof d`roto. S`kolioh k`sor

noho tinof nori p`d`rihtoa d`ioihfoh nori noho prikoni.

0. Iihlfup Sist`d ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh

^`rnopot 3 k`htuf p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh 7
o. ]ridory a`oita cor` (p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh tihlfot p`rtodo), Niiofsohofoh
pono dosyorofot yohl d`diiifi dosoioa f`s`aotoh yohl rihloh.Sibot
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh 7 p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nosor. Cjhtja 7 pusf`sdos,
koioi f`s`aotoh.
 k. S`cjhnory a`oita cor`(p`ioyohoh tihlfot f` nuo), uhtuf fii`h
yohl d`dkutuafoh p`rowotoh rowot ihop topi tinof niiofsohofoh ni
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh p`rtodo,rudoa sofit yohl t`rs`nio t`holo sp`cioiis.
c. ^`rtiory a`oita cor` (p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh tihlfot f` tilo), tihlfot

p`ioyohoh t`rtihlli,d`dkutuafoh t`holo oaii otou suksp`cioiis.

o. Phnohl-Phnohl Hj 1 toauh ;==> t`htohl ]`rk`hnoaorooh
H`loro
k. ]`roturoh ]`d`rihtoa Hj 31 toauh ;==< t`htohl ]`dkolioh F`w`hoholoh
]usot noh No`roa

K. F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh Hosijhoi

1. ]`hl`rtioh F`kijofoh
F`kijofoh onoioa oturoh t`rtuiis yohl d`rupofoh f`putusoh bjrdoi
jrlohisosi, yohl k`rsibot d`hlifot, yohl d`hlotur p`riiofu n`hloh
tujuoh uhtuf d`hciptofoh totohiioi koru noiod dosyorofot, F`kijofoh ofoh
d`hjoni rujufoh utodo poro ohlljto jrlohisosi otou ohlljto
dosyorofot noiod
k`rp`riiofu. F`kijofoh pono ududhyo k`rsibot prjki`d sjivihl noh prjoftib.
K`rk`no n`hloh Aufud (Iow) noh ]`roturoh ([`luiotijh), f`kijofoh i`kia
k`rsibot onoptib noh iht`prototib, d`sfipuh f`kijofoh julo d`hlotur ’opo yohl
kji`a, noh opo yohl tinof kji`a—. F`kijofoh julo niaoropfoh nopot
k`rsibot udud t`topi tohpo d`hlaiiohlfoh ciri ijfoi yohl sp`sibif.
F`kijofoh aorus d`dk`ri p`iuohl niiht`pr`tosifoh s`suoi fjhnisi sp`sibif
yohl ono (Nuhh, 1555).

;. Cjhtja F`kijofoh
Cjhtja f`kijofoh
onoioa7 1. Phnohl-Phnohl,
;. ]`roturoh ]`d`rihtoa,
3. F`ppr`s,
>. F`pd`h,
0. ]`rno,
 2. F`putusoh Kupoti,

<. F`putusoh Nir`ftur

S`tiop f`kijofoh yohl nicjhtjafoh ni sihi onoioa k`rsibot d`hlifot noh
wojik niiofsohofoh ji`a jky`f f`kijofoh. Cjhtja ni otos julo d`dk`ri

p`hl`toauoh pono fito s`duo koawo ruohl iihlfup f`kijofoh nopot

k`rsibot dofrj, d`sj, noh difrj.

3. F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh

]`hl`rtioh F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh yoitu fjhs`p noh loris k`sor

r`hcoho suotu p`d`rihtoa uhtuf d`hlotur otou d`hlowosi p`iofsohooh
p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh noiod rohlfo d`hcopoi n`rojot f`s`aotoh
yohl jptidoi pono s`iurua rofyothyo (OFF PSP, ;=1=). F`kijofoh
f`s`aotoh d`rupofoh
p`njdoh yohl d`hjoni ocuoh koli s`duo p`iofu p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh,
koif p`d`rihtoa, swosto, noh dosyorofot noiod p`hy`i`hllorooh
p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh n`hloh d`dp`raotifoh f`rohlfo n`s`htroiisosi noh
jtjhjdi no`roa (N`pf`s [E, ;==5).
F`kijofoh f`s`aotoh s`koloi tohlluhl jowok p`d`rihtoa d`hurut
PP
Hj. 32 toauh ;==5 t`htohl f`s`aotoh koawo f`s`aotoh onoioa f`onooh s`aot,
koif s`coro bisif, d`htoi, spirituoi doupuh sjsioi yohl d`duhlfihfoh
s`tiop jrohl uhtuf ainup prjnuftib s`coro sjsioi noh `fjhjdi.
D`hurut PP F`s`aotoh Hj.32 toauh ;==5 posoi 0 nis`kutfoh koawo
s`tiop jrohl

d`dpuhyoi aof yohl sodo noiod d`dp`rji`a n`rojot f`s`aotoh.

D`hurut PP F`s`aotoh Hj.32 toauh ;==5 posoi 1> nis`kutfoh koawo
p`d`rihtoa
k`rtohlluhl jowok d`r`hcohofoh, d`hlotur, d`hy`i`hllorofoh,
d`dkiho, noh d`hlowosi p`hy`i`hllorooh upoyo f`s`aotoh yohl d`roto noh
t`rjohlfou ji`a dosyorofot. F`kijofoh f`s`aotoh hosijhoi niotur noiod
FDF hj 3<> toauh ;==5 noh p`rpr`s hj <; toauh ;=1;.

>. Nosor - Nosor D`dkuot F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh

 D`doaodi nosor-nosor p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh pono
aof`fothyo d`rupofoh upoyo d`wujunfoh hiioi f`k`horoh noh oturoh
pjfjf s`koloi iohnosoh uhtuf k`rpifir noh k`rtihnof noiod p`dkohluhoh
f`s`aotoh. Hiioi t`rs`kut d`rupofoh iohnosoh noiod d`hlaoyoti isu
strot`lis, d`iofsohofoh

visi, noh disi s`koloi p`tuhjuf pjfjf p`iofsohooh p`dkohluhoh

f`s`aotoh s`coro hosijhoi s`koloidoho t`rcohtud noiod [`hcoho
]`dkohluhoh F`s`aotoh d`huju Ehnjh`sio S`aot, yohl d`iiputi7
p`rif`dohusiooh, onii noh
d`roto, p`dk`rnoyooh noh f`dohnirioh, p`hlutodooh noh dohboot.
o. Esu Strot`lis ]`dkohluhoh F`s`aotoh
Kohyof dosoioa f`s`aotoh nopot nin`t`fsi noh niotosi s`coro nihi ni
tihlfot poiihl kowoa. Gudioa noh dutu t`holo f`s`aotoh k`iud d`d`huai
f`kutuaoh. ]`dohbootoh p`dkioyooh f`s`aotoh k`iud t`rbjfus
noh sihfrjh. Aosii soroho f`s`aotoh kiso nijonifoh p`hnopotoh
no`roa. Dosyorofot disfih k`iud s`p`huahyo t`rjohlfou noiod
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh. K`koh lohno p`hyofit nopot d`hidkuifoh
dosoioa ioihhyo s`coro bisif, d`htoi noh sjsioi.
k. Risi Strot`lis ]`dkohluhoh F`s`aotoh
N`hloh d`dp`raotifoh isu strot`lis p`dkohluhoh
f`s`aotoh t`rs`kut noh julo n`hloh d`dp`rtidkohlfoh
p`rf`dkohloh, dosoioa, s`rto k`rkoloi f`c`hn`ruhloh p`dkohluhoh
f`s`aotoh f` n`poh dofo nit`topfoh visi p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh ji`a
N`port`d`h F`s`aotoh yoitu Dosyorofot Uohl Dohniri Phtuf Ainup
S`aot.
Dosyorofot yohl dohniri uhtuf ainup s`aot onoioa suotu fjhnisi ni
doho dosyorofot Ehnjh`sio d`hyonori, dou, noh dodpu uhtuf
d`hl`hoii, d`hc`loa noh d`hlotosi p`rdosoioaoh f`s`aotoh yohl
niaonopi, s`aihllo nopot k`kos nori lohlluoh f`s`aotoh, koif yohl
nis`kokfoh for`ho
p`hyofit t`rdosuf lohlluoh f`s`aotoh ofikot k`hcoho,
doupuh iihlfuhloh noh p`riiofu yohl tinof d`hnufuhl uhtuf ainup s`aot.
c. Disi Strot`lis ]`dkohluhoh F`s`aotoh
 Risi p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh t`rs`kut f`dunioh
ni`jowohtoafoh d`ioiui disi p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh, yofhi D`dkuot
[ofyot S`aot. Disi f`s`aotoh ihi f`dunioh nijoiohfoh n`hloh
d`hl`dkohlfoh hiioi-hiioi nosor noiod p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh yoitu
k`rpiaof pono rofyot, k`rtihnof

c`pot noh t`pot, f`rjosodo tid, iht`lritos yohl tihlli, trohsporohsi noh
ofuhtokiiitos.

0. F`kijofoh F`s`aotoh ni Ehnjh`sio

o. Esu strot`lis
1) ]`d`rotooh noh f`t`rjohlfouoh p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh yohl k`rdutu
k`iud jptidoi
;) Sist`d p`r`hcohooh noh p`hlohlloroh n`port`d`h f`s`aotoh k`iud
jptidoi
3) Stohnor noh p`njdoh p`iofsohooh p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh dosia
furohl d`donoi
>) Nufuhloh n`port`d`h f`s`aotoh uhtuf d`iofsohofoh p`dkohluhoh
f`s`aotoh dosia t`rkotos.
k. Strot`li f`s`aotoh ni Ehnjh`sio
1) D`wujunfoh fjditd`h p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh
;) D`hihlfotfoh p`rtohlluhljowokoh noh p`rtohlluhllulotoh
3) D`dkiho sist`d f`s`aotoh noh sist`d aufud ni kinohl f`s`aotoh

>) D`hl`dkohlfoh iidu p`hl`toauoh noh t`fhjijli f`s`aotoh

0) D`iofsohofoh j`jorihl p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh.

C. ]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa ]ono S`ftjr ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh

Jtjhjdi no`roa onoioa f`w`hohloh no`roa jtjhjd uhtuf d`hlotur
noh d`hlurus f`p`htihloh dosyorofot s`t`dpot d`hurut proforso s`hniri
k`rnosorfoh ospirosi dosyorofot s`suoi n`hloh p`roturoh p`ruhnohl-
uhnohloh otou w`w`hohl pono suotu wiioyoa yohl d`hlotur otou d`hl`ijio
uhtuf f`p`htihloh wiioyoa otou no`roa itu s`hniri duioi nori `fjhjdi, pjiitif
noh p`hloturoh p`dkohluhoh f`uohloh t`rdosuf p`hloturoh sjcioi.
Noiod `ro Jtjhjdi No`roa, Kohlso Ehnjh`sio tinof nopot
d`i`posfoh niri nori `ro lijkoiisosi, nidoho p`iofsohooh p`dkohluhoh
no`roa s`koloi

kolioh iht`lroi nori p`dkohluhoh hosijhoi ofoh sohlot nip`hloruai ji`a

p`rf`dkohloh f`dojuoh nuhio. N`woso ihi nif`hoi ono n`iopoh strot`li
p`dkohluhoh diii`hhiud s`d`sto ( Dii`hhiud N`v`ijpd`ht
Ljois), d`hlisyorotfoh f`pono s`duo h`loro ni nuhio uhtuf d`huruhfoh
0= p`rs`h dosoioa f`disfihoh ni h`lorohyo dosihl-dosihl pono toauh
;=10, t`rdosuf d`hlotosi dosoioa f`s`aotoh p`hnunufhyo. F`disfihoh
noh f`s`aotoh pono nosorhyo soiihl k`raukuhloh, yoitu aukuhloh yohl
tinof p`rhoa putus t`rf`cuoii niiofufoh iht`rb`hsi pono soioa sotu otou
f`nuo sisi, yofhi pono f`disfihoh otoupuh p`hyofithyo. F`disfihoh sunoa
posti d`dp`hloruai f`s`aotoh, s`aihllo jrohl disfih r`htoh t`raonop
k`rkoloi p`hyofit for`ho d`r`fo d`hloiodi lohlluoh s`p`rti d`hn`rito
lizi kuruf, p`hl`toauoh f`s`aotoh furohl, priiofu f`s`aotoh furohl,
iihlfuhloh p`dufidoh yohl
kuruf, s`rto kioyo f`s`aotoh tinof t`rs`nio. S`koiifhyo, f`s`aotoh
d`dp`hloruai f`disfihoh.
Noh s`suoi n`hloh odohoa Phnohl-Phnohl Nosor 15>0 posoi ;1
A noh Phnohl-Phnohl Hjdjr ;3 ^oauh 155; t`htohl f`s`aotoh, s`coro
t`los d`hyotofoh koawo, s`tiop jrohl k`raof d`hnopotfoh p`ioyohoh
f`s`aotoh. Dofo, s`tiop ihnivinu, f`iuorlo noh dosyorofot
Ehnjh`sio k`raof d`dp`rji`a p`riihnuhloh t`raonop f`s`aotohhyo tinof
t`rf`cuoii dosyorofot disfih noh tinof dodpu for`ho f`s`aotoh onoioa
aof ososi noh s`foiilus d`rupofoh ihv`stosi uhtuf f`k`raosiioh
p`dkohluhoh kohlso. Phtuf itu nis`i`hllorofoh p`dkohluhoh
f`s`aotoh s`coro d`hy`iurua noh
k`rf`sihodkuhloh, n`hloh tujuoh luho d`hihlfotfoh f`sonoroh,
f`douoh ainup s`aot koli s`tiop jrohl olor t`rwujun n`rojot f`s`aotoh
dosyorofot s`tihlli-tihllihyo.
N. Aoi-Aoi Uohl D`hy`kokfoh ]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa uhtuf s`ctjr
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh ni Ehnjh`sio D`hjoni ^inof Jptidoi
]`hy`kok tinof jptidoihyo p`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa ni Ehnjh`sio7
1. I`doahyo p`hlowosoh doupuh ca`cf ohn koiohc`s. Fjhnisi ihiioa f`dunioh

d`hidkuifoh p`hyidpohloh-p`hyidpohloh noh

f`tinofs`idkohloh f`fuosooh noiod p`iofsohooh jtjhjdi
;. No`roa ]`doaodoh t`raonop Jtjhjdi No`roa yohl f`iiru, koif ji`a oporot
doupuh ji`a worlo dosyorofot d`hy`kokfoh p`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi
No`roa d`hyidpohl nori tujuoh d`wujunfoh dosyorofot yohl odoh,
nodoi noh s`joat`ro.
3. F`t`rkotosoh sudk`rnoyo niaonopfoh n`hloh tuhtutoh f`kutuaoh noho
(p`dkohluhoh noh rutih jp`rosijhoi p`d`rihtoaoh) yohl k`sor, d`dofso
]`dno d`h`dpua piiiaoh yohl d`dk`kohi rofyot, disoihyo
d`dp`riuos noh otou d`hihlfotfoh jkj`f pojof noh r`trikusi, noh
julo d`hluros sudk`rnoyo oiod yohl t`rs`nio.
>. N`woh ]`rwofiioh [ofyot No`roa (N][N), yohl s`aorushyo k`rp`roh
d`hljhtrji noh d`iurusfoh s`loio f`f`iiruoh idpi`d`htosi Jtjhjdi No`roa
tinof d`hlluhofoh p`roh noh buhlsi yohl s`d`stihyo, koafoh s`rihlfoii
d`r`fo ifut t`raohyut noh k`rijdko d`hlodkii uhtuhl nori p`riiofu oporot
noh dosyorofot yohl soioa . S`duo itu t`rjoni for`ho Jtjhjdi No`roa
i`kia
kohyof d`hodpiifoh huohso f`p`htihloh p`dkohluhoh bisif noh
`fjhjdi.,ni kohnihlfoh p`ioyohoh.
0. Furohlhyo p`dkohluhoh sudk`r noyo dohusio / Sudk`r Noyo Dohusio
(djroi, spirituoi iht`i`ftuoi noh f`t`rodpiioh) yohl
s`aorushyo niprijritosfoh. Sudk`r Noyo Dohusio k`rfuoiitos ihi
d`rupofoh fuhci
p`h`htu noiod f`k`raosiioh p`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa. Sudk`r
Noyo Dohusio yohl tinof/k`iud k`rfuoiitos ihiioa yohl
d`hy`kokfoh
p`hy`i`hllorooh Jtjhjdi No`roa tinof k`rjoioh s`koloidoho d`stihyo,
p`hua n`hloh ihtrif, fjhbiif noh p`hy`i`w`hloh s`rto niworhoi

ji`a d`hjhjjihyo f`p`htihloh prikoni noh f`ijdpjf. Uohl t`riikot ni

noiodhyo
@. Coro D`hljptidoifoh ]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa uhtuf s`ctjr
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh
]`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa yohl s`aorushyo d`dkowo p`rukoaoh

pjsitib koli no`roa jtjhjd t`rhyoto julo nopot d`dkuot no`roa

jtjhjd t`rs`kut d`hjoni i`kia t`rpuruf ofikot onohyo k`rkoloi
p`hy`i`w`hloh yohl niiofufoh ji`a oporot p`iofsoho Jtjhjdi No`roa
t`rs`kut k`litupuh uhtuf s`ctjr p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh t`rnopot ;
f`duhlfihoh ,p`ioyohoh yohl s`dofih
koif otou p`ioyohoh yohl s`dofih kuruf. ]`h`ropoh Jtjhjdi No`roa
yohl
`b`ftib d`diiifi k`k`ropo syorot yohl s`foiilus d`rupofoh boftjr yohl sohlot
k`rp`hlorua koli f`k`raosiioh Jtjhjdi No`roa, yoitu7
1. Dohusio s`iofu p`iofsoho nori Jtjhjdi No`roa aorus
d`rupofoh dohusio(toholo f`s`aotohhyo) yohl k`rfuoiitos.
;. F`uohloh s`koloi sudk`r kioyo noiod p`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa
fausushyo uhtuf s`ctjr f`s`aotoh aorus t`rs`nio n`hloh cufup.
3. ]rosoroho, soroho noh p`roiotoh f`s`aotoh aorus t`rs`nio n`hloh cufup noh
d`donoi.
>. Jrlohisosi noh dohoj`d`h p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh aorus koif.
Nori s`duo boftjr t`rs`kut ni otos, ’boftjr dohusio yohl koif—
onoioa boftjr yohl poiihl p`htihl for`ho k`rbuhlsi s`koloi sukj`f nidoho
boftjr yohl ioih k`rlohtuhl pono boftjr dohusio ihi. Ji`a for`ho itu, sohlot
p`htihl s`foii uhtuf d`hihlfotfoh fuoiitos Sudk`r Noyo Dohusio for`ho
ihiioa fuhci p`h`htu nori k`raosii tinofhyo p`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa.

S`ioih itu, uhtuf d`hljptidoifoh p`iofsohooh Jtjhjdi No`roa aorus

nit`dpua k`rkoloi coro, s`p`rti7
1. D`dp`rf`tot d`fohisd` p`hlowosoh f`pono F`poio No`roa.noh s`iurua
jojorohhyo duioi nori yohl poiihl otos sodpoi yohl poiihl
kowoa,duioi nori fopoio nihoshyo sodpoi p`lowoi kiosohyo. Aoi ihi
niiofufoh olor F`poio No`roa noh jojorohhyo yohl d`hl`poioi suotu
no`roa jtjhjd ofoh
 t`rfjhtrji tihnofohhyo s`aihllo F`poio No`roa t`rs`kut tinof ofoh
k`rtihnof s`w`hohl-w`hohl noiod d`iofsohofoh tuloshyo
t`rs`kut. K`rkoloi p`hy`i`w`hloh yohl nopot niiofufoh ji`a
F`poio No`roa t`rs`kut julo nopot niaihnori n`hloh nip`rf`tothyo
d`fohisd` p`hlowosoh

ihi.
;. D`dp`rf`tot p`hlowosoh t`raonop N`woh ]`rwofiioh [ofyot No`roa.
]`hlowosoh t`raonop N`woh ]`rwofiioh [ofyot No`roa nopot
niiofufoh ji`a Konoh F`ajrdotoh yohl siop d`hlodoti noh
d`hl`voiuosi s`pof t`rjohl ohlljto N`woh.s`aihllo p`iofsohooh
jtjhjdi no`roa nopot
k`rjoioh dofsidoi noh k`rf`sihodkuhloh.
3. N`woh ]`rwofiioh [ofyot No`roa wojik d`hyusuh fjn` `tif
uhtuf d`hjolo dortokot noh f`ajrdotoh noiod d`hjoiohfoh
tuloshyo,s`koloi buhlsi p`hlowosoh t`raonop p`roturoh-p`roturoh yohl
k`rfoitoh n`hloh jtjhjdi no`roa. N`hloh k`rk`foi f`t`htuoh yohl
koru t`rs`kut, ohlljto N`woh ]`rwofiioh [ofyot No`roa yohl t`ioa j`ios-
j`ios t`rkufti d`iohllor iorohloh otou fjn` `tif nopot nilohti.

B. ]`iofsohooh ]`ioyohooh F`s`aotoh ni @ro Jtjhjdi No`roa

]`iofsohooh jtjhjdi no`roa t`ioa d`dkowo p`rukoaoh pono
p`hl`ijiooh p`ioyohoh p`d`rihtoa. Ni kinohl f`s`aotoh, disoihyo, fohtjr

n`port`d`h (fohn`p) noh fohtjr wiioyoa (fohwii) f`s`aotoh yohl

s`k`iudhyo d`rupofoh ihstohsi v`rtifoi pusot t`ioa nii`kur n`hloh
nihos f`s`aotoh
(nihf`s) ni tihlfot f`codotoh. Fihi s`duo urusoh f`s`aotoh nitohlohi
ji`a nihos f`s`aotoh (ihstohsi no`roa) koif ni tihlfot prjvihsi
doupuh fokupot`h/fjto. ]`rukoaoh ihi t`htu sojo d`dkowo nodpof
t`raonop
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh. ]`rtohyoohhyo onoioa s`k`ropo k`sor nodpof
p`rukoaoh itu noh opofoa p`rukoaoh itu ofoh d`hihlfotfoh fuoiitos
p`ioyohoh otou
justru s`koiifhyo.
 Fuoiitos p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nopot niufur d`ioiui tihlfot
f`puosoh dosyorofot otos p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh yohl nit`rido, koif
p`ioyohoh furotib doupuh pr`v`htib. Hoduh, upoyo d`hlfoji nodpof
jtjhjdi no`roa t`raonop
p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh dosia t`roso suiit d`hlihlot usio jtjhjdi no`roa yohl

koru k`rjoioh tilo toauh noh p`dno dosia sikuf d`hoto struftur
jrlohisosi, f`p`lowoioh noh f`uohlohhyo. ]`hotooh fjdpjh`h iht`rhoi ihi
s`coro tinof iohlsuhl k`rnodpof pono p`ioyohoh yohl nik`rifoh. Struftur
jrlohisosi yohl
`bisi`h, judioa noh fuoiitos stob yohl cufup s`rto noho yohl d`donoi
noh nidohbootfoh s`coro `bisi`h ofoh k`rp`hlorua t`raonop n`rojot p`ioyohoh.
Struftur jrlohisosi nihos f`s`aotoh ni fokupot`h/fjto
tinof d`hloiodi kohyof p`rukoaoh d`hyusui f`iuorhyo PP Hj. ;;, 1555
t`htohl
]`d`rihtoaoh No`roa. Aoi ihi for`ho jokotoh f`poio nihos noh f`poio fohn`p
f`s`aotoh joua s`k`iudhyo nirohlfop ji`a sotu jrohl, s`d`htoro judioa
stob fohn`p (p`lowoi pusot) ududhyo furohl nori 1= jrohl. S`t`ioa
p`iofsohooh jtjhjdi no`roa, nihos f`s`aotoh aohyo d`hodkoafoh sotu
otou nuo s`fsi uhtuf d`hohlohi f`w`hohloh yohl s`k`iudhyo nitohlohi
fohn`p f`s`aotoh.
Noiod aoi f`p`lowoioh, SD@[P d`hlin`htibifosi onohyo
nuo dosoioa utodo noiod p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nosor. ]`rtodo, furohlhyo
t`holo t`fhis, koif d`nis doupuh porod`nis ni no`roa t`rp`hcii (ni H^K
disoihyo, dosia nikutuafoh 10= njft`r noh >== kinoh). S`joua ihi
p`d`rihtoa no`roa c`hn`ruhl i`kia kohyof d`hlohlfot p`lowoi hjht`fhis
(stob ondihistrosi) noripono t`holo t`fhis f`s`aotoh. F`nuo, stotus
f`p`lowoioh t`holo d`nis.
]ono toauh 1551 yohl ioiu p`d`rihtoa d`hl`iuorfoh f`kijofoh p`hlohlfotoh
]`lowoi ^inof ^`top (]^^), t`rdosuf p`hlohlfotoh t`holo d`nis. S`t`ioa
jtjhjdi no`roa, f`kijofoh ]^^ ihi dosia k`iud j`ios opofoa t`top ni tohloh
pusot otou ofoh nif`ijio ji`a p`d`rihtoa no`roa. Aoi ihi t`htu ono
idpiifosihyo t`raonop ajhjr yohl aorus nikoyor ji`a p`d`rihtoa no`roa.
]usf`dos onoioa ujuhl tjdkof p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nosor
 yohl nis`niofoh ji`a p`d`rihtoa. ]usf`sdos, k`rsodo uhit p`huhjohlhyo,
s`p`rti

pjsyohnu, pustu, pusiihl, noh pjiihn`s, sohlot p`htihl p`rohohhyo for`ho

d`rupofoh p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh utodo yohl nopot d`hy`kor sodpoi
f` dosyorofot tihlfot n`so noh kioyohyo r`iotib nopot nijohlfou ji`a
fohtjhl dosyorofot disfih.
S`koloi pusot p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nosor ni tihlfot f`codotoh,

ududhyo s`tiop pusf`sdos d`dpuhyoi s`jrohl njft`r yohl

d`rohlfop s`koloi f`poio pusf`sdos. Hoduh tulos ondihistrosi
s`jrohl f`poio
pusf`sdos ocopfoii d`hyito woftu p`ioyohohhyo koli
dosyorofot. Ofikothyo, p`hohlohoh posi`h i`kia kohyof nis`roafoh
f`pono t`holo
p`rowot noh kinoh. F`onooh ihi d`dohl nii`dotis. Ni sotu sisi,
s`koloi s`jrohl njft`r pusf`sdos io nituhtut uhtuf ifut s`rto d`dk`rifoh
p`ioyohoh d`nis, hoduh ni sisi ioih tulos ondihistrosi s`koloi f`poio
pusf`sdos justru d`hllohllu tulos p`ioyohohhyo s`koloi njft`r.
Aosii surv`i ni 1==
pusf`sdos ni 1= fokupot`h/fjto d`huhjuffoh koawo s`kolioh k`sor
posi`h niioyohi ji`a t`holo p`rowot/kinoh ni pusf`sdos d`sfipuh njft`r
aonir. Erjhishyo, aosii surv`i SD@[P julo d`h`dufoh koawo njft`r
f`poio
pusf`sdos noh t`holo d`nis ioihhyo d`dk`rifoh p`ioyohoh posi`h prikoni
pono jod f`rjo pusf`sdos. ]osi`h yohl ihlih d`hnopot p`ioyohoh noh
jkot yohl i`kia koif ududhyo d`diiia k`rjkot f` njft`r f`poio
pusf`sdos d`sfipuh aorus d`dkoyor n`hloh kioyo i`kia tihlli. Aoi ihi
s`k`horhyo
k`rt`htohloh n`hloh buhlsi pusf`sdos, yoitu s`koloi t`dpot oit`rhotib k`rjkot
koli dosyorofot disfih uhtuf d`dp`rji`a p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh yohl i`kia
koif.
 KOK EEE
]@HP^P]

O. F`sidpuioh
1. ]`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh nosor ni `ro jtjhjdi no`roa, fausushyo koli no`roa
t`rp`hcii, kohyof p`hnopot yohl d`hyotofoh k`iud siophyo h`loro ihi
n`hloh p`iofsohooh fjhs`p n`s`htroiisosi.
;. ]usf`sdos s`koloi ujuhl tjdkof p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh ni no`roa noh
fokupot`h/fjto d`doihfoh p`rohoh p`htihl uhtuf t`rciptohyo dosyorofot
s`aot. Phtuf d`hlotosi dosoioa kioyo jp`rosijhoi pusf`sdos ni `ro
n`s`htroiisosi yohl s`dofih f`cii, s`k`horhyo fokupot`h/fjto nopot
d`hihlfotfoh ]ON d`ioiui r`trikusi rudoa sofit noh pusf`sdos. Hoduh
f`hoifoh torib p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh t`rs`kut nifaowotirfoh tinof s`kohnihl
n`hloh p`hihlfotoh dutu p`ioyohohhyo, opoioli d`d`huai tujuoh
pusf`sdos s`koloi pusot p`ioyohoh f`s`aotoh yohl poiihl n`fot noh
t`rjohlfou ji`a dosyorofot.
3. F`kijofoh f`s`aotoh yohl ni iofufoh p`d`rihtoa pono `ro jtjhjdi no`roa
onoioa prjlrod jkot duroa noh KFFKH.

K. Soroh

1. ]`rdosoioaoh k`k`ropo pusf`sdos yohl aohyo t`rnopot sotu t`holo

njft`r yohl d`hjokot s`koloi f`poio pusf`sdos noh julo d`rohlfop
s`koloi
t`holo d`nis, niaoropfoh f`n`pohhyo yohl d`hjoni f`poio pusf`sdos
ni s`duo no`roa onoioa yohl d`diiifi iotor k`iofohl dohoj`d`h
noh ondihistrosi f`s`aotoh.
;. Godihoh f`s`aotoh s`aorushyo nif`ijio s`coro proupoyo (fopitosi) s`aihllo
nopot niiofufoh f`hnoii dutu noh f`hnoii kioyo. Koloidoho olor oijfosi
p`dkioyooh i`kia kohyof nioijfosifoh uhtuf p`d`iiaorooh f`s`aotoh
 s`aihllo ohlfo fuhjuhloh dosyorofot yohl sofit noh nopot k`rjkot f`
pusf`sdos d`hjoni s`nifit.
3. Ni`ro n`s`htroiisosi, f`dohnirioh pusf`sdos t`rus nitihlfotfoh d`ioiui
p`riuosoh f`w`hohloh noiod p`hlonooh soroho noh prosoroho, t`rdosuf
p`roiotoh noh p`rohlfot d`nis doupuh hjhd`nis. ]`hihlfotoh
w`w`hohl t`rs`kut t`ioa d`duhlfihfoh pusf`sdos uhtuf
d`hll`roffoh pjt`hsi dosyorofot, t`rdosuf d`hlaidpuh noho i`kia
k`sor uhtuf d`d`huai f`kutuaohhyo. ]`d`rihtoa pusot d`ioiui
n`port`d`h f`s`aotoh aohyo
k`rp`roh s`koloi p`hll`rof p`dkohluhoh f`s`aotoh hosijhoi, s`d`htoro
p`d`rihtoa fokupot`h/fjto d`ioiui Nihos F`s`aotoh k`rp`roh s`koloi
p`hy`i`hlloro ]`dkohluhoh F`s`aotoh Hosijhoi
 NOB^O[ ]PS^OFO

Kucakihn`r, Saorjh K. ;=1>. Dohoj`d`h ]`ioyohoh F`s`aotoh. @LC7 Goforto

N`pf`s [E. ;==5. [`hcoho ]`dkohluhoh Gohlfo ]ohjohl Kinohl F`s`aotoh ;==0 –
;=;0. Goforto7 N`pf`s [E. attp7//www.n`pf`s.lj.in.
Nuhh, \iiiiod H. 1555. Ohoiisis F`kijofoh. Nit`rj`doafoh Nrs. Sodjnro \ikowo,
DO nff. @nisi f` ;. Goforto
Fjzi`r. ;=1=. Kufu Ojor Buhnod`htoi F`p`rowotoh7 fjhs`p, prjs`s noh proftif. Oiia
koaoso ]odiiia. @LC. Goforto.
Duhihjoyo, L`n`. ;==>. Dohoj`d`h F`s`aotoh. @LC 7 Goforto
]`roturoh ]r`sin`h [`pukiif Ehnjh`sio Hjdjr <; ^oauh ;=1; t`htohl
Sist`d f`s`aotoh Hosijhoi.

]`roturoh ]`d`rihtoa Hj 31 toauh ;==< t`htohl ]`dkolioh F`w`hoholoh ]usot noh

No`roa
Phnohl-Phnohl Nosor 15>0 ]osoi ;1 A oyot (3) noh posoi 3>
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj >= ^oauh ;==> t`htohl Sist`d Godihoh Sjsioi Hosijhoi
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj ;> ^oauh ;=11 t`htohl Konoh ]`hy`i`hllorooh Godihoh
Sjsioi Phnohl-Phnohl Hj ;5 ^oauh ;==> t`htohl ]roftif F`njft`roh
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj 32 ^oauh ;==5 t`htohl F`s`aotoh
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj >> ^oauh ;==5 t`htohl [udoa
Sofit
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj ;0 ^oauh ;==> t`htohl Sist`d ]`r`hcohooh ]`dkohluhoh
Hosijhoi
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj 1< toauh ;==3 t`htohl F`uohloh H`loro
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj 3; toauh ;==> t`htohl ]`d`rihtoa
No`roa
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj 33 toauh ;==> t`htohl ]`ridkohloh F`uohloh ohtoro ]usot noh
]`d`rihtoa No`roa
Phnohl-Phnohl Hj 1 toauh ;==> t`htohl ]`rk`hnoaorooh H`loro
SD@[P. ;==>. Kosic A`oita S`rvic`s Eh ^a` @ro Jb [`lijhoi Outjhjdy 7 ]`ioyohoh
F`s`aotoh Nosor Ni @ro Jtjhjdi No`roa. I`dkolo ]`h`iitioh SD@[P