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EXAMPLE OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

SUBJECT: ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

1) INTRODUCTION (present the subject, the different positions, indicate the thesis to support)

The Universe appeared at a definite time in the past of all matter and energy

currently existing; It is an event postulated by cosmological theory

generally accepted. The vast majority of astronomers are convinced that

The Universe appeared at a specific time, between 12,000 and 20,000 million years before

current moment.

If there was a beginning or a creation, would it be logical to think that it must be the work of an initiator or a

Creator? Many believe it. Smoot said, “It’s like seeing God. » Today, although they did not have

not scientific evidence provided over the past decades, millions of people

They based their faith on the words of the Bible: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. »
"
HAS
(Genesis 1:1). But not everyone wants to admit this simple biblical statement.

Many scientists did not like the idea that the universe had a beginning, a

moment of creation , noted the famous physicist Stephen Hawking. “They didn't like

extrascientific implications of the theory, wrote Michael J. Beche, so that

They struggled to find alternatives. The universe had a moment of creation in

the consequence has a creator.

2) CLARIFICATIONS. (Definition of key terms of the essay, essence of what is

wants to demonstrate)

Relativity, a theory developed at the beginning of the 20th century, which originally aimed

explain certain anomalies in the notion of relative movement, but that in its evolution

has become one of the most important fundamental theories of the physical sciences (see

Physical). This theory, fundamentally developed by Albert Einstein, is the basis of

physicists will demonstrate the essential unity of matter and energy, space and time, and

the equivalence between gravitational forces and the acceleration effects of a system.1

Black hole, hypothetical celestial body with a gravitational field so strong that not even

Even electromagnetic radiation can escape its proximity. The body is

surrounded by a spherical boundary, called the event horizon, through which light

can go in, but can't go out, so it looks completely black. A field of

1 “Relativity,” Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 98 © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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These characteristics can correspond to a high density body with a mass

relatively small, like that of the Sun or smaller, which is condensed into a volume

much smaller, or to a body of low density with very large mass, such as a

collection of millions of stars at the center of a galaxy.2

God, being in a religion. More precisely, in monotheistic faiths,

considers one God to be the creator or originator of all things that exist and is

described in terms of perfect attributes, for example, its infinity, its immutability,

eternity, goodness, knowledge (omniscience) and power (omnipotence). Most

Religions attribute certain character traits to God which can be understood through a

metaphorical language or a literal interpretation, such as will, love, anger and

mercy.3

The theory of the Big Bang or the great explosion

In 1948, the American physicist of Russian origin George Gamow modified the theory of

The master of the primordial core. Gamow proposed that the Universe was created in an explosion

gigantic and that the different elements observed today were produced during the

first minutes after the Big Bang, when the temperature

extremely high and the density of the Universe merged subatomic particles into the

chemical elements. More recent calculations indicate that hydrogen and helium would have been

the main products of the Big Bang and the heaviest elements were produced

later, within stars (see Nucleosynthesis). However, Gamow's theory

provides a basis for understanding the early stages of the Universe and its

subsequent development. Due to its very high density, matter existing at first

times when the Universe expanded rapidly. As helium and hydrogen expand

They cooled and condensed into stars and galaxies. This explains the expansion of the Universe

and the physical basis of Hubble's law.

As the Universe expanded, residual radiation from the Big Bang continued

cooling, until reaching a temperature of approximately 3 K (-270 °C). These traces of background radiation

microwaves were detected by radio astronomers in 1965,

thus providing what most astronomers consider to be confirmation of the

Big Bang theory.4

3) REASONS (present theories, examples in favor of the thesis)

2 “Black Hole,” Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 98 © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

3 “God,” Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 98 © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

4
"Cosmology", Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 98 © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Science ratifies the thesis: the first indications of this fact came from the discovery

by the American astronomer Edwin Hubble, in the 1920s, that

The universe is expanding and clusters of galaxies are moving away from each other. The theory of

General relativity proposed by Albert Einstein also predicts this expansion. If the

the components of the Universe are separating, this means that in the past they were more

close, and going back far enough in time, you come to the conclusion that everything came out of

a single mathematical point (called singularity), in a ball of fire

known as the Great Explosion or Big Bang. The discovery in the 1960s of

The cosmic background radiation, interpreted as an “echo” of the Big Bang, was considered to be a

confirmation of this idea and proof that the Universe had an origin.

We should not imagine the Big Bang as the explosion of a piece of matter located

in the void. During the Big Bang, not only were matter and energy concentrated, but also

space and time, so there was no place "outside" the primordial fireball,

nor at any time “before” the Big Bang. It is space itself that expands as

The Universe is aging, moving material objects further away from each other 5

Hawking, Stephen William (1942-), British theoretical physicist, known for his attempts to

combine general relativity with quantum theory and for its contributions entirely

related to cosmology. He was born in London and received his doctorate from the University

from Cambridge, where he worked as a mathematics teacher from 1979. Much of his

the work refers to the concept of a black hole. His research indicates that the

General relativity, if true, supports the theory that the creation of the Universe originated

of a large explosion or big bang, coming from a singularity or a point of

infinite distortion of space and time. He then refined this concept by considering

all these theories as secondary attempts to describe a reality in which the concepts

as the singularity has no meaning and space and time form a surface

closed without borders6

What can we deduce from the fact that the universe had a beginning? Robert Jastrow said: “The

“The moment the cosmic explosion occurred was literally the moment of creation.”

Penzias, one of the discoverers of the cosmic background radiation, noted: "Astronomy

This leads us to a unique event, to a universe created from nothing. And George Smoot, director

of the COBE team, indicated: “Our discoveries attest to the birth of the universe”

4) OBJECTIONS (reasons against the thesis)

5 “Universe, Origin of,” Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 98 © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

6
“Hawking, Stephen William,” Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 98 © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Many scientists are uncomfortable with the idea that the cosmos is the work of a creator.

intelligent, so they claim that, in a way, it appeared on its own, even though no one has succeeded in doing so.

explain how. The truth is that, as the journal Research and Science indicates in its issue
"
March 1999, “The big bang theory does not describe the birth of the universe.” There

adds the magazine. To explain the original creation of the universe, we need another theory according to which

describe even more ancient times.

Now it seems logical to the reader that somehow the cosmos became

created itself? Physicist Charles H. Townes said: “It is true that physicists hope to return

to the phase preceding the big bang and even explain the origin of the phenomenon.

the universe as a type of fluctuation, for example. But a fluctuation of what? And what

native? On the other hand, the universe is far from chaotic, because it overflows with harmony and beauty;

like our fascinating planet, with its prodigious variety of life. It is clear that no

could have come about without intelligent direction and control.

5) CONCLUSION (summary of the thesis, emphasis on the reasons presented)

The universe had a moment of creation, in such virtue it had a creator, it could not have been

in this way, the existence of harmony, beauty, physical and chemical laws, etc., which

governing implies the existence of an actor.

The Big Bang theory is convincing, it scientifically demonstrates that the

the universe had a moment of creation, and it is constantly expanding, so

We reverse this phenomenon and imagine it in the opposite direction, such that the

expansion turns into condensation we will return at the same moment from the Great –

Bang, that is, the work of God.