Our Social World Condensed An Introduction To Sociology 5Th Edition Ballantine Test Bank Full Chapter PDF

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Ballantine, Our Social World: Condensed, 5e

SAGE Publishing, 2018
Test Bank for Our Social World Condensed An

Introduction to Sociology 5th Edition Ballantine
Roberts Korgen 1506362028 9781506362021
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Chapter 5: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations: Connections

That Work
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. When Stanley Milgram set out to understand the distance between individuals in
society, he found that we need to go through an average of ______ individuals before
accessing a previously unacquainted target.
a. three
b. six
c. eight
d. 10
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 5.1: Demonstrate the impact social networks can have on the lives
of individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Networks and Connections in Our Social World
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Our social networks include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. private interactions.
b. small groups.
c. global organizations.
d. singing by yourself in the shower.
Ans: d
of individuals.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
1
Instructor Resource
Answer Location: Networks at the Micro, Meso, and Macro Levels

Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Through our social networks, we are linked to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. religious organizations.
b. political subcultures.
c. the United Nations.
d. your sense of smell
Ans: d
of individuals.
Answer Location: Networks at the Micro, Meso, and Macro Levels
4. ______ govern social contexts to let us know what is the right and proper behavior in
social interaction.
a. Norms
b. Sanctions
c. Statuses
d. Ethnomethodologies
Ans: a
Learning Objective: 5.2: Provide examples of how verbal and nonverbal interaction
guides our behavior.
Answer Location: Elements of Social Interaction
5. ______ is interaction using facial expressions, the head, eye contact, body posture,
gestures, touch, walk, status symbols, and personal space.
a. Nonverbal communication
b. Exchange
c. Ethnomethodology
d. Presentations of self
Ans: a
6. Andrew meets his girlfriend in an airport terminal coffee shop after being apart for the
past 3 months. They will most likely communicate within ______.
a. culturally sensitive distance
2
Instructor Resource
b. public distance
c. intimate distance
d. personal distance
Ans: c
7. Nicole addresses an introductory sociology course as a guest lecturer. She is most

likely to address the class while standing at a ______.
a. social distance
b. personal distance
c. intimate distance
d. public distance
Ans: d
8. Cindy just changed her major from psychology to sociology and is trying to make
friends in her sociology class. One day, Jack, a fellow sociology major, says,
“Psychology is only for people interested in studying rats.” Cindy laughs, even though
she disagrees with him and did not think the joke was funny. According to
dramaturgists, Cindy is performing ______ behavior.
a. self-hate
b. side-stage
c. backstage
d. front-stage
Ans: d
Answer Location: Symbolic Interaction Theory
9. Maria interviews Eric for an entry-level position at the firm where she works.
According to Edward Hall, the two will most likely sit at a(n) ______ distance from one
another.
a. intimate
b. social
3
Instructor Resource
c. public
d. personal
Ans: b
10. Sue is in biology class. Her professor explains a theory that she does not
understand. The professor asks if there are any questions, and no one raises their
hand. Sue is reluctant to raise her hand because she feels uncomfortable. This is an
example of the ______.
a. rational choice theory
b. status inconstancy principle
c. rationalization principle
d. social construction of reality
Ans: d
11. Reciprocity, or a mutual offering of favors, is a motivator for interaction according to

______.
a. linguistic relativity theory
b. rational choice theory
c. ethnomethodology
d. dramaturgy
Ans: b
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
12. After experiencing combat, many veterans experience internal disorder, conflict, and
a sense of normlessness because of the chaos created by war. Émile Durkheim would
say that they are feeling ______.
a. anomie
b. altruism
c. egotism
d. latent emotions
4
Instructor Resource
Ans: a
Answer Location: Group Solidarity, Anomie, and Suicide
13. Isabella is a good student; she attends sociology class, does well in her other
studies, and would never break a campus rule. Unfortunately, her brother Craig is
addicted to drugs, steals from their mother, and lives on the streets. One day, Craig
calls Isabella and asks her to let him stay in her dorm. Isabella knows that visitors are
not allowed in the dormitory, but she wants to help her brother. According to role
theorists, Isabella is feeling ______.
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role reversal
d. all of these
Ans: a
Answer Location: Role Strain and Role Conflict
14. Most of the time, we engage in ______ behavior, the behavior safest with casual
acquaintances because it is scripted.
a. backstage
b. front-stage
c. onstage
d. unstaged
Ans: b
15. ______ refer to our social positions, and ______ refer to the expectations
associated with a social position.
a. Master statuses; status sets
b. Status sets; master statuses
c. Roles; statuses
d. Statuses; roles
Ans: d
5
Instructor Resource
Answer Location: Relationship Between Status and Role
16. Which of the following is an ascribed status?

a. physician
b. daughter
c. employee
d. friend
Ans: b
of individuals.
Answer Location: Social Status: Individuals’ Link to Groups
17. Which of the following is an achieved status?

a. grandson
b. Latino
c. woman
d. parent
Ans: d
of individuals.
18. Lee promised his brother Kirby that he would watch the Cincinnati Bengals’s football
game with him at home. However, Lee’s friend Sue won tickets on a local radio station,
and she wants Lee to come to the game with her. Because Lee is torn between his role
as Sue’s friend and Kirby’s brother, Lee is experiencing ______.
a. role conflict
b. role strain
c. role confusion
d. status inconsistency
Ans: a
of individuals.
6
Instructor Resource
19. Carolina’s daughter wants to go to a local concert that will keep her out past curfew.
Although Carolina feels that as a good mom, she should be her daughter’s friend and
consider her daughter’s wishes, she also believes that a good mother should provide
structure by maintaining rules. Carolina is experiencing ______.
a. role confusion
b. role conflict
c. role strain
d. status inconsistency
Ans: c
of individuals.
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of a group?

a. members pursuing individual goals
b. inability to recruit new members
c. freedom of expected behaviors
d. members engaging in structured interaction patterns
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 5.3: Describe the needs primary and secondary groups meet for
members of society and the overall society.
Answer Location: Groups in Our Social World: The Micro-Meso Connection
21. According to the text, the belief that minorities (sexual, racial, religious, etc.) are
detrimental to workplace efficiency is false because:
a. on average, immigrants work harder than nonimmigrants.
b. employers can pay immigrants less and therefore increase profit.
c. diversity increases productivity and problem solving.
d. minorities do not experience role strain.
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain why networking with people from different cultures has
become increasingly important.
Answer Location: Diversity and Equity in Organizations
22. Durkheim’s concept of anomie refers to a ______.

a. state of normlessness
b. social fact
7
Instructor Resource
c. small, premodern society held together by kinship ties

d. large, modern society with a specialized division of labor
Ans: a
of individuals
23. According to Durkheim’s discussion of suicide, anomic suicide refers to:

a. suicide caused by an individual experiencing disorder and turmoil and lacking clear
norms and guidelines for social behavior.
b. suicide caused by feeling little social bond to the group or society.
c. suicide caused by such a strong bond and group obligation that the individual is
willing to die for the group.
d. suicide caused by depression due to downward mobility.
Ans: a
of individuals.
24. According to Durkheim, the key finding of his study on suicide is that suicide can be
predicted by the:
a. level of cohesion in the individual’s social network.
b. degree to which an individual was integrated into the group.
c. number of social groups the individual belonged to.
d. individual’s religious affiliation.
Ans: b
of individuals.
25. Krista’s group of college friends is considered a(n) ______ group because they have
a strong sense of loyalty to one another, they care deeply about each other, and they
receive intrinsic value from belonging.
a. out-
b. secondary
c. primary
d. reference
Ans: c
8
Instructor Resource
Answer Location: Types of Groups
26. Roman’s fellow factory workers are considered a(n) ______ group because they are
a large, task-oriented group that focuses on achieving a specific goal.
a. out-
b. primary
c. secondary
d. reference
Ans: c
27. All of the following are problematic by-products of bureaucracies EXCEPT:

a. alienation.
b. goal displacement.
c. oligarchy.
d. increased efficiency.
Ans: d
Learning Objective: 5.4: Show how the characteristics of bureaucracy apply to formal
organizations.
Answer Location: Modern Organizations and Their Evolution
28. Which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of in-groups?

a. a desire to incorporate members of an out-group
b. hostility or rejection of out-group members
c. strong feelings of superiority
d. feelings of prejudice and ethnocentrism
Ans: a
29. The main purpose of a bureaucracy is to:
9
Instructor Resource
a. encourage development of secondary groups.

b. limit the role of primary groups in socialization.
c. maximize efficiency.
d. develop anomie.
Ans: c
organizations.
30. All of the following are characteristics of ideal-type bureaucracy EXCEPT:

a. an emphasis on democratic decision-making.
b. a division of labor based on technical competence.
c. an administrative hierarchy.
d. formal rules and regulations.
Ans: a
organizations.
31. After working at a local fast-food restaurant for two years, Chris becomes
uninvolved and unconnected to his job. He finds his job boring and feels he will not be
promoted to a better position. Chris is most likely experiencing ______.
a. McDonaldization
b. oligarchy
c. goal displacement
d. alienation
Ans: d
organizations.
Answer Location: Issues in Bureaucracies
32. The iron law of oligarchy states that:

a. pay and working conditions are highly influential in workers’ productivity.
b. workers are objectified in the process of creating a product that they do not see
completed or from which they do not gain profits.
c. the original motives or goals of an organization are displaced by new, secondary
goals.
10
Instructor Resource
d. power becomes concentrated in the hands of a small group of leaders in

organizations.
Ans: d
organizations.
33. ______ refer to new approaches that have developed to deal with some of the
dysfunctions of bureaucracy.
a. Alternative organization structures
b. Informal institutions
c. Secondary groups
d. Informal structures
Ans: a
organizations.
34. Which of the following is an example of individuals and macro-level organizations

interacting?
a. a father who joins the parent-teacher association
b. a cat handler who shows her Devon rex cats at a state Cat Fanciers’ Association
show
c. women around the globe receiving training and education from the United Nations
d. a fan attending a regional football league game
Ans: c
Learning Objective: 5.5: Explain why networking with people from different cultures has
become increasingly important.
Answer Location: National and Global Networks: The Macro Level
35. To correct some of the dysfunctions caused by bureaucracy, the Sociology

Company makes all decisions as a group, emphasizes cooperation, and uses personal
appeals to ensure that everyone participates in problem-solving. The Sociology
Company is a(n) ______ organization.
a. informal
b. secondary
c. democratic-collective
d. oligarchic
11
Instructor Resource
Ans: c
organizations.
True/False
1. Global organizations, such as the United Nations, are linked to individuals through
social networks.
Ans: T
of individuals.
Answer Location: National and Global Networks: The Macro Level
2. Because norms govern social behavior, social interaction is rarely misinterpreted.

Ans: F
3. Using the turn signal to let the drivers around you know that you are turning left is an
example of obeying a social norm.
Ans: T
4. Researchers find that words make up less than 35% of the emotional content of a
message.
Ans: T
12
Instructor Resource
5. In the context of foreign language acquisition, nonverbal messages are the easiest
part to master.
Ans: F
6. The amount of personal space an individual needs to feel comfortable varies by

cultural setting.
Ans: T
7. Personal distance is used for first-time business relations, such as a job interview.
Ans: F
8. Touching, embracing, and kissing are indicators of personal distance.

Ans: F
9. Social distance is the distance most public figures use for addressing others,
especially in formal settings.
Ans: F
13
Instructor Resource
10. Because personal space is decided culturally, men and women in the same culture
have similar personal-space norms.
Ans: F
11. According to rational choice theory, interactions generally involve expectations of

reciprocity.
Ans: T
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
12. The A-OK sign is an insult in Japan.

Ans: F
13. According to dramaturgy, we only perform a small portion of our interactions in front
of audiences.
Ans: F
14. At home or with close friends with whom we are more intimate, we engage in front-
stage behavior.
Ans: F
14
Instructor Resource
15. The “real you” is most evident when you engage in backstage behavior.
Ans: T
16. “Father” is a social status.

Ans: T
17. Gender and ethnicity are examples of achieved statuses.

Ans: F
18. Being a guitarist in a band is an achieved status.

Ans: T
19. Others assign one to a master status, so it is unlikely to affect an individual’s self-
concept.
Ans: F
20. Michael enjoys being the most popular boy in his high school. All of his popular
friends are on the soccer team, but Michael does not like soccer because he does not
15
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THE KISS REFUSED.
I would kiss you, lover true!

But I fear the moon may spy;
Little bright stars watch us too.
Little star might fall from sky
To the blue sea, telling all!
To the oars the sea will tell,
Oars, in turn, tell Fisher Eno—
Him whom Mary loveth well—
And, when Mary knows a thing,
All the neighbourhood will know,
How by moonlight, in the garden,
Where the fragrant flowers grow,
I caressed, and fondly kissed thee,
While the silver apple-tree
Shed its blooms on you and me!
THE SNOWDROP.
How pure and how sweet,

Little snowdrop, you blow!
While, by you peeped through,
Fade the last streaks of snow.
Thus our last tears stream
For a sorrow gone by,
While dawns the first dream
Of a joy drawing nigh.
⁂
A smile and a tear, the sun and the shower,

How sweet they flash and flow!
Like sunlight clear, through the sparkling tear
Shines thy soul, refreshed by woe.
FROM COUNT TOLSTOI.
BELIEVE IT NOT.
Believe it not, when in excess of sorrow

I murmur that my love for thee is o’er!
When ebbs the tide, think not the sea’s a traitor—
He will return and love the land once more.
I still am pining, full of former passion,

To thee, again, my freedom I’ll restore,
E’en as the waves, with homeward murmur flowing,
Roll back from far to the belovèd shore.
THE SCOLDING.
Do not scold me so, my dear,

Wrath with words so feebly matching!
Such a scolding soothes my ear;
I’m your words intent on catching;
As they issue suddenly,
Pouring forth in pretty prattling,
What marvel that they sound to me
Pearls on silver salver rattling!
FROM VLADIMIR VLADISLAVLEF.
REFLECTION.
Pressed cheek to cheek we stand before the glass,

Wherein our forms reflected shine,
Gloomy my glance; but thy alluring face
With warmth and light illumines mine!
So on the bosom of the sleeping wave

The moon smiles with reflected light,
Full of the peace that dawns beyond the grave,
Softening the darkness of the night.
THE WOULD-BE NUN.
No, no! I can’t believe you!

Cease, cease to prattle so
Of single bliss, monastic vows,
And prayerful life below!
No, no! I can’t believe you!

That stately form divine,
That breast, that neck, those breathing limbs
To convent cell confine!
Yourself you don’t believe it!

Your words your glance belies,
And, full of other fancies,
Protest those flashing eyes.
THE SCHOOLBOY’S DEVIL.
You knew, of course, my special devil?

His cunning and his boldness charmed;
Pressed to my breast this sprite of evil
I warmed.
At first he worried me with fear;

I timid was, and mild, and young.
My shoulders were too weak to bear
His tongue.
Holding some mild traditions yet,

I shook and trembled, oft, in awe,
Till, lo! in him the Muse’s pet
I saw.
He caught me, then, with flash of phrase,

With living fantasies entranced,
And wicked eyes from grave to gay
He glanced!
With fiery speech well fused together,

Our friendly union grew complete,
Although at times with wintry weather
We’d meet.
Designing once to cause his death,

My fingers in a cross I twirled,[11]
Out came his tongue; off in a breath
He whirled.
But scarcely dawns the Eastern light,
The nightly blackness scarce is o’er,
Ere back he comes, my foe, my sprite,
Once more.
How smart he’s grown! and well up, too,

In Darwin’s and Descartes’ style!
He knows the sex; nor strange to loo
Meanwhile.
And chess he also right well knows,

And often billiards is his fad—
At times about this game he grows
Quite mad.
You knew him well, of course, of yore,

He cunning was, and boldly charmed;
I pressed him to my bosom’s core,
And warmed.
Ah! have I tired my friendly sprite?

His friendship’s flame has colder grown;
He now forgets and leaves me quite
Alone.
FOOTNOTES:
[11] I.e. made with the two first fingers and thumb, the sign of
the Russian cross.
POPULAR SONG.
THE GIPSY MAID.
I love thee! And believe it true!

The while your gipsy maid avows
That unto death she’ll love but you,
While life’s blood in her bosom flows.
For you she’ll leave her home of old,

She’ll follow you the wide world o’er.
The gipsy’s love will ne’er grow cold
Until the gipsy breathes no more.
Black bread, while meal to meal succeeds,

Her passion ne’er will lull to sleep;
One burning kiss is all she needs,
Her gipsy blood its warmth will keep.
When time of trial draweth nigh,

No burning tears will she outpour;
Well skilled is she in misery—
’Twill only make her love thee more.
No change which doth our being move

A single pang to her can give;
But change in him her soul doth love
She hath no power to overlive.
FROM TYOUCHEF.
Scarce cooled from midday heat

Sparkles the summer night;
O’er sinful earth a threatening cloud
Trembles, with lightnings bright.
Heaven’s sleepy eyelids ope,
And through each distant gleam,
The threatening orbs of One above
O’er earth to kindle seem.
THE SPRING STORM.
I love the storm in early May,

When spring’s first maiden thunder peals,
And, laughing in its frolic play,
Across the blue sky softly steals.
The little rumblings roll and ring;

The rain-shower glistens; flies the dust;
The rain-drop pearls in clusters cling,
And golden gleams the fields encrust.
From hillside headlong speeds the rill,

In groves the birds keep twittering,
And chattering wood and murmuring hill
Echo with joy the thundering.
PRINCE VYAZEMSKI.
THE TROIKA.[12]
Speeds the troika, leaping, bounding,

’Neath the horsehoofs dust-clouds fly,
While the little bells keep tinkling,
Weeping, laughing merrily.
Chorus.
Speed I, speed I, speed I to her

Speed I to my well-beloved!
Down the road, with glad notes ringing,

Echoes wide the joyous peal;
Now afar they jingle clearly,
Nor in muffled notes they steal.
Chorus.
Sails the moon from out the cloudlets;

Full reveals her luminous ring;
And a rippling gleam of silver
O’er the traveller’s face doth fling.
Chorus.
Who and whence this nightly traveller?

Is his distant journey done?
For his own or other’s pleasure
Speeds he through the dark alone?
Chorus.
Who can tell! He still is far off;
Plunged in cloud the moonbeams sweep,
While afar on distant moorland
Little bells are lulled to sleep.
Chorus.
FOOTNOTES:
[12] Sledge or car with three horses harnessed abreast.
FROM LEBEDEF.
THEODORA.
“So thou art he who yesterday

Didst round the arena roam—
Thy rivals scourge? thy chariot smoked,
Reeking with bloody foam.
“Now thou art mine! Upon this couch

Recline and yield to me,
Until the morning’s rosy light
My palace windows see.”
“Ah, Theodora, ne’er before

Have I thy threshold passed;
Thy cups of gold amaze my sight,
Thy fretted ceilings vast.
“Yet I know all. Through our stern land

The talk of thee has sped;
How every night a new Elect
Appears beside this bed.
“How, till the dawn, with burning kiss

The lips of lovers sting;
While to the folds of Eastern stuffs
The Eastern odours cling.
“But I, a simple country clown,

A common clod, who sport
In games with Death, am all unused
To splendours of a Court.

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Instructor Resource

Ballantine, Our Social World: Condensed, 5e

Test Bank for Our Social World Condensed An

Chapter 5: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations: Connections

2. Our social networks include all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer Location: Networks at the Micro, Meso, and Macro Levels

7. Nicole addresses an introductory sociology course as a guest lecturer. She is most

11. Reciprocity, or a mutual offering of favors, is a motivator for interaction according to

16. Which of the following is an ascribed status?

17. Which of the following is an achieved status?

20. Which of the following is a characteristic of a group?

22. Durkheim’s concept of anomie refers to a ______.

c. small, premodern society held together by kinship ties

23. According to Durkheim’s discussion of suicide, anomic suicide refers to:

27. All of the following are problematic by-products of bureaucracies EXCEPT:

28. Which of the following traits is NOT characteristic of in-groups?

29. The main purpose of a bureaucracy is to:

a. encourage development of secondary groups.

30. All of the following are characteristics of ideal-type bureaucracy EXCEPT:

32. The iron law of oligarchy states that:

d. power becomes concentrated in the hands of a small group of leaders in

34. Which of the following is an example of individuals and macro-level organizations

35. To correct some of the dysfunctions caused by bureaucracy, the Sociology

2. Because norms govern social behavior, social interaction is rarely misinterpreted.

6. The amount of personal space an individual needs to feel comfortable varies by

8. Touching, embracing, and kissing are indicators of personal distance.

11. According to rational choice theory, interactions generally involve expectations of

12. The A-OK sign is an insult in Japan.

16. “Father” is a social status.

17. Gender and ethnicity are examples of achieved statuses.

18. Being a guitarist in a band is an achieved status.

I would kiss you, lover true!

How pure and how sweet,

A smile and a tear, the sun and the shower,

Believe it not, when in excess of sorrow

I still am pining, full of former passion,

Do not scold me so, my dear,

Pressed cheek to cheek we stand before the glass,

So on the bosom of the sleeping wave

No, no! I can’t believe you!

No, no! I can’t believe you!

Yourself you don’t believe it!

You knew, of course, my special devil?

At first he worried me with fear;

Holding some mild traditions yet,

He caught me, then, with flash of phrase,

With fiery speech well fused together,

Designing once to cause his death,

How smart he’s grown! and well up, too,

And chess he also right well knows,

You knew him well, of course, of yore,

Ah! have I tired my friendly sprite?

I love thee! And believe it true!

For you she’ll leave her home of old,

Black bread, while meal to meal succeeds,

When time of trial draweth nigh,

No change which doth our being move

Scarce cooled from midday heat

I love the storm in early May,

The little rumblings roll and ring;

From hillside headlong speeds the rill,

Speeds the troika, leaping, bounding,

Speed I, speed I, speed I to her