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localities-6th-edition-smith-9781506360263-1506360262/
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6th-edition-smith-9781506360263-1506360262/
Instructor Resource
Smith, Governing States and Localities 6e
CQ Press, 2018
Chapter 2
Multiple Choice
Ans: A
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-6: Discuss
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The political system in which state and national governments share responsibilities is
.
a. communism
b. unitary
c. federalism
d. socialism
Ans: C
Answer Location: Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-1: Identify
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Ans: C
Answer Location: Systems of Power
Learning Objective: 2-1: Identify
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. The weakness of the U.S. federal government became evident when it was unable
to deal with after 1783.
a. an economic
recession b. a war
c. international trade
d. Native Americans
Ans: A
Answer Location: Why Federalism? The Origins of the Federal System in the United
States
Learning Objective: 2-2: Explain
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Rebellion involved farmers protesting state efforts to take their property.
a. Smith’s
b. Daniel’s
c. Shays’s
d. Massachusetts’s
Ans: C
Answer Location: Why Federalism? The Origins of the Federal System in the United
States
Learning Objective: 2-2: Explain
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
b. 1776
c. 1780
d. 1787
Ans: D
Answer Location: Why Federalism? The Origins of the Federal System in the United
States
Learning Objective: 2-2: Explain
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. has been called “the gorilla that swallows state laws.”
a. Emancipation
b. Supremacy
c. Enumeration
d. Preemption
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Instructor Resource
Smith, Governing States and Localities 6e
CQ Press, 2018
20. Because the Constitution could not list every possible situation the government
may face, it gives powers.
a. enumerated
b. implied
c. exclusive
d. concurrent
Ans: B
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. The General Welfare Clause and Necessary and Proper Clause are examples of
powers.
a. concurrent b.
exclusive
c. enumerated
d. implied
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Marriages performed in one state are recognized by other states. This is because
of the Clause.
a. General Welfare
b. Commerce
c. Necessary and
Proper d. Full Faith and
Credit Ans: D
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. The national income tax is levied through authorization by the Amendment.
a. Fourteenth
b. Fifteenth c.
Sixteenth d.
Seventeenth
Ans: C
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Instructor Resource
Smith, Governing States and Localities 6e
CQ Press, 2018
24. The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as the .
a. Magna Carta
b. Articles of Confederation
c. Declaration of
Independence d. Bill of Rights
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. The Fourteenth Amendment, protecting individual rights from the states,
was passed .
a. after the Civil War b.
after the Revolution c.
during the 1960s
d. during the Johnson administration
Ans: A
Answer Location: The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
Learning Objective: 2-4: Describe
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. The idea that state and federal governments have separate and distinct
responsibilities is .
a. cooperative federalism
b. dual federalism
c. centralized
federalism d. new
federalism Ans: B
Answer Location: Dual Federalism (1789–1933)
Learning Objective: 2-5: Summarize
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. are given for specific programs and give states and localities little spending
discretion.
a. Grants-in-aid
b. Categorical grants
c. Centralized grants
d. Revenue-sharing grants
Ans: B
Answer Location: Centralized Federalism (1964–1980)
Learning Objective: 2-2: Explain
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. are federal laws that direct state action without providing financial
support. a. Unfunded mandates
b. Crossover sanctions
c. Crosscutting requirements
d. Appropriations restrictions
Ans: A
Answer Location: New Federalism (1980–2002)
Learning Objective: 2-5: Summarize
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 is an
example of .
a. dual federalism
b. picket fence
federalism c. devolution
d. revenue sharing
Ans: C
Answer Location: New Federalism (1980–2002)
Learning Objective: 2-5: Summarize
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. New federalism says states should have power and money from
the federal government.
a. more, the same amount
of b. more, less
c. less, more
d. the same amount of, more
Ans: B
Answer Location: New Federalism (1980–2002)
Learning Objective: 2-5: Summarize
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. As the United States became bigger and more industrialized, state and federal
interests became more .
a. intertwined b.
disconnected c.
distinct
d. dissimilar
Ans: A
Answer Location: Dual Federalism (1789–1933)
Learning Objective: 2-5: Summarize
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
156. It might be objected that, e.g., death is the end of life in the
sense of being its last stage, without being the attainment of the
interests which compose our inner life. But the illustration will not
bear examination. The processes of change within the organism,
when viewed simply as connected changes, do not cease with
death; in fact, they have no end or last state. To call a man’s death
his end only means that the purposes for which we are interested in
the study of his behaviour get complete fulfilment when we have
followed him from the cradle to the grave. He is “done with” at death,
because we have done with him. Only teleological processes can
have a last stage. Note as a consequence of the significance of the
concept of “ends” for evolution, that whereas the purely mechanistic
interpretation of the processes of Nature logically leads to the
thought of them as a continuous series, the series of successive
organic or social types is essentially discontinuous, a point well
brought out by Professor Royce, The World and the Individual,
Second Series, lects. 5, 7.
157. I need hardly remind the reader of the vast difference
between the view inculcated above and the doctrine of “ends in
nature” as it figures in the old-fashioned “argument from design.” The
old-fashioned teleology assumed (1) that the “subjective interests”
manifested in the evolutionary process are fundamentally human.
We, it held, can recognise what these ends are, and further, they are
for the most part summed up in the “design” of furthering our human
convenience. (2) That these interests exist as the reflective designs
of an anthropomorphic Ruler of Nature. Our doctrine is consistent
with neither assumption. It follows from our whole interpretation of
the physical order, that we do not and cannot know what kind of
subjective interest of finite individuals is realised by any portion of it
beyond that constituted by our own bodies and those of our near
congeners, and therefore are absolutely without any right to fancy
ourselves the culminating end of all evolution. Again, a subjective
interest need not exist in the form of a definitely preconceived
design; most of our own interests exist as unreflective cravings and
impulses. Whether any part of the evolutionary process is due to
deliberate reflective design on the part of superhuman intelligences,
Metaphysics, I take it, has no means of deciding. This would be a
question for solution by the same empirical methods which we
employ in detecting the presence of design in the products of human
art. In any case, reflective design is bound up with the time-process,
and cannot therefore be ascribed to the infinite individual.
158. Compare, e.g., the first of the arguments for immortality in
Plato’s Phædo, p. 70 ff., and the remark in the Republic, with
obvious reference to this argument, that the “number of souls is
always the same” (611A). In Plato the doctrine is pretty certainly of
Orphic provenance. Compare also the cyclic alternation of death and
life in Heracleitus, the (Orphic) cycle of births of Empedocles, that of
the Stoics, and in the modern world, to take only one instance, the
“eternal recurrence” of Nietzsche.
159. The same phenomenon of the formation of a new individuality
within the limits of an already existing one, is illustrated by the
familiar facts of the moral conflict between the “higher” and “lower”
self.
160. Compare Royce, The World and the Individual, Second
Series, p. 305 ff., where a view of this kind is worked out in some
detail. Prof. Royce’s second volume unfortunately came into my
hands too late to enable me to make all the use of it I could have
wished; the same is the case with Mr. Underhill’s essay on “The
Limits of Evolution” in Personal Idealism.
CHAPTER VI
THE LOGICAL CHARACTER OF DESCRIPTIVE
SCIENCE
§ 1. Scientific description may be contrasted with philosophical or teleological
interpretation, but the contrast is not absolute. § 2. The primary end of all
scientific description is intercommunication with a view to active co-operation.
Hence all such description is necessarily restricted to objects capable of being
experienced in the same way by a plurality of individuals. § 3. A second end
of scientific description is the economising of intellectual labour by the
creation of general rules for dealing with typical situations in the environment.
In the course of evolution this object becomes partially independent of the
former. § 4. From the interest in formulating general rules arise the three
fundamental postulates of physical science, the postulates of Uniformity,
Mechanical Law, and Causal Determination. § 5. The mechanical view of
physical Nature determined by these three postulates is systematically carried
out only in the abstract science of Mechanics; hence the logical completion of
the descriptive process would mean the reduction of all descriptive science to
Mechanics. That the chemical, biological, and psychological sciences contain
elements which cannot be reduced to mechanical terms, is due to the fact that
their descriptions are inspired by æsthetic and historical as well as by
primarily “scientific” interests. § 6. The analysis of such leading concepts of
mechanical Physics as the Conservation of Mass and of Energy shows them
to have only relative validity.