Reading Material in Art Appreciation

MODULE 2 – B: Evaluating the Arts

ART FORMS

Introduction

Hello dear students. This material is mainly based on the output of the author in his
CHED Training of Art Appreciation Trainers in Ateneo de Davao University on October 10-28,
2016. The “Art as devotion.” part in the assumption is based on the lecture of Madam Madhava
dasi, a bramahna who was invited as a guest lecturer in one of the author’s classes in Art
Appreciation. The Art Form section is based on the terms set by the National Commission on
Culture and the Arts of the Philippines. Pictures of artworks presented here are from An Banwa:
Kultura buda Artes (ABKAT) and Burabod Artists FB pages and from the artists themselves.
The author is convinced through practice that arts can be a vital tool in human
development. It can serve as a catalyst in self-realization then social stability. Therefore, it is of
great importance to study this subject. This is Art Appreciation and you will appreciate through
arts evaluation, analysis and creation.

This material is focused on the evaluation of the arts. It is divided into five (5) parts:

1. Assumptions
2. Art Form
3. Function
4. Content
5. Relevance

Discussion:

ART FORMS

[Type here]
 These art forms or forms of arts are based on the Sub-commission on the Arts of the
National Commission for Culture and The Arts (SCA-NCCA) of the Republic of the
Philippines. Art forms may refer to the creative medium used or the way the subject and
the content of the art is being communicated to the audience.

1. Architecture and Allied Arts

Daraga Church, Albay

The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Porteria (Our Lady of the Gate, more commonly known as
Daraga Church) is an 18th century baroque architecture structure, overlooking the sea and the
majestic Mayon Volcano. The National Historical Institute declared this site a National Cultural
Treasure on October 29th, 2007.

[Type here]
[Type here]
 a. Architectural Design
The art and practice of designing and constructing buildings. The picture above
shows the National Artist for Architecture, Pablo Antonio’s design of the Far
Eastern University (FEU) main building.

b. Interior Design
is the art or process of
designing the interior
decoration of a room
or building. The
picture at the left
shows the National
Artist for Architecture,
Leandro Locsin’s
interior design of the
Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP).

c. Landscape Architecture

The art and practice

of designing the
outdoor environment,
especially designing
parks or gardens
together with
buildings and roads

[Type here]
 just like the National Artist for Architecture Ildefonso’s design of the Rizal Park
as shown in the left.

d. Urban Design
is defined as:

d.1 arrangement
and design of
buildings,
public spaces,
transport
systems,
services, and
amenities

d.2 making
connections
between people
and places,
movement and
urban form,
nature and the
built fabric

For example, is
the Sasaki
Associates
design of the
Anonas New Community-Sweet Reality in the Philippines. In the picture above,
you will see the plan where to put the buildings, how the public place will be
utilized, the location of the transport system, services and amenities.

The plan makes sure that there is a harmonious relationship between the people
and the place considering that it is located in an urban setting.

e. Environmental Planning

[Type here]
 Based on the REPUBLIC ACT No. 10587 "Environmental Planning Act of
2013″ Section 4, Environmental Planning is defined as:

1. urban and regional planning, city planning, town and country planning,
and/or human settlements planning,

2. multi-disciplinary
art and science of
analyzing, specifying,
clarifying, harmonizing,
managing and regulating
the use and development
of land and water
resources, in relation to
their environs, for the
development of
sustainable communities
and ecosystems.

So, planning to take

care of the environment is
an art specifically in the form of the Allied Arts. At the same time, it is a scientific
advocacy because based on the Philippine Institute of Environmental Planners, it

[Type here]
 1. promotes the comprehensive physical, economic, socio-cultural, aesthetic and
environment-friendly development of the different regions, cities and
municipalities of the Philippines

2. encourages rural-urban interdependence in the best interests of the nation.

3. This art form uses creative

and scientific ways to plan
everything (solid waste, fuel
storage management,
emergency management,
energy savings, water waste/
water management, and
recycle program
management) to serve as an
umbrella for the people and
nature just like the picture at
the left.

2. Film

a. Mainstream Film

a.1 Caters to a wider

audience, the masses

a.2 Genres – romance, action, comedy, and

romantic comedy

a.3 Mood is light-hearted

a.4 Purpose - to entertain, to ease stress

a.5 Biggest production

companies – Star Cinema,
Regal Films, Viva Films,
GMA Films

Examples are Star Cinema’s

One More Chance (2008) and Viva Film’s Ang Probinsyano.

[Type here]
 The former is produced by
giant production company
Star Cinema.

Its genre is romance to

lighten up the mood or to
ease stress therefore it caters
to a wider of Filipino
audience.

The former is produced by

the Viva Films, another big
production company that is filled with action to entertain the masses.

b. Independent Film

b.1 Alternative
Cinema/ Low-budgeted
film

b.2 Forms – short

films, documentaries,
experimental films,
animations

b.3 Themes –
exploring poverty, sex,
and oppression

[Type here]
Critically acclaimed independent Filmmakers in the Philippines are Kidlat Tahimik, Lav Diaz,
Raymond Red, Brillante Mendoza, Alvin Yapan, and Kristian Cordero (to name a few).

At the left is Lav Diaz’ Ang Babaeng

Humayo starred by Ms. Charo Santos.

“Dukot” (2009)
Directed by Joel Lamangan

3. Dance

[Type here]
 a. Folk
Dance
that is
based
on the
way of
life of

indigenous communities like the natives of Cordillera as researched by

the National Artist for Dance, Ramon Obusan. Below is the picture that
shows his immersion with the natives.

a. Ballet
Serves as the
foundation for western
dance. It requires
strong technique,
athleticism but with
grace.
b. Contemporary
It is a lot like ballet
with acting/ lyrical but
breaks the rules of the
former.
The National Artist for
Dance, Alice Reyes is

[Type here]
 known all over the world for her Ballet and Contemporary works as
shown in the picture above.

c. Jazz
Common
characteristics of
jazz dance are:
d.1 Isolations: a
dancer isolates one
specific part of her
body, such as her rib
cage or wrist
d.2 Grounded
movement: dancers
keep a low center of
gravity, and often
bend their knees
d.3 Syncopation: accenting an offbeat or note of the musical
accompaniment that surprises the audience
d.4 Contractions: motivated by her breath, a dancer will make a C-shape
with her core
d.4 Sensuality: there is a sexiness in jazz dance that is lacking in more
traditional styles

These characteristics
are reflected in the
Musical Movie
Chicago and in the
works of Douglas
Nieras respectively
shown in the pictures.

[Type here]
 4. Theater Arts

a. Government
Produced

In Albay, the
province during
the Magayon
Festival, produced
Abdon Balde’s
Sayaw kan Tulong
Bulod. It was
directed by Prof.
Julio Mendoza.
The picture at the
left shows the
poster design of the play, the playwright and the Governor as he shows
appreciation to the director, the staff and the players.

[Type here]
 “Ibalong”
The Musical

b. Community-Based

It is composed of local artists, youths, Barangay officials, laborers and

workers, etc. to discuss social issues and concerns through original theater
productions.

In Bicol, the
most active
community
theater group
is Sining
Banwa
Performance
Collective. It
will have its
10th theater
season in
August 2020
(from their
Facebook
page).

[Type here]
 Above is the picture of their 2019 Theater Arts season entitled, Oktubre.

[Type here]
 c. Student-Based
This is mainly composed of students and teachers who would like to hone their crafts in
acting, revive classical plays, perform originals, express themselves and also discuss social
issues and concerns through theater productions. In Bicol University from 2012-2017, the
BURABOD Artists composed of education and theater arts students performed plays that would
promote self-realization. The picture shows the BURABOD’s performance in one of the
relocation sites in Guinobatan, Albay during the Mayon eruption. It is a reenactment of a
family’s tragic plight due to the said disaster and how self-realization and meditation can
mitigate this tragedy.

The Bicol
University
Speech
and
Theater
Arts
Genre
(STAGE)
composed
of all the
Speech
and
Theater
Arts
students in
Bicol

[Type here]
 University College of Arts and Letters is also an example of this type of
theater. Below is a picture of their original play, Lamay performed at the
Cultural Center of the Philippines as part of the CCP’s Pasinaya.

5. Literary Arts

a. Poetry
b. Short Story
c. Novel
d. Essay
e. Drama
Some notable
writers in Bicol are
in this picture on the
left. On top, you
have, from the right,
Raffi Banzuela,
Jazmin Llana, Frank
Penonez, Jazmin
Llana and Kirstian
Cordero. Below
right is Jimple
Borlagdan and in the
left is Niles.
6. Music

a. Folk

Its text is about the

traditional way of
life. Music is
communal. There is
the element of
repetition. It is more
of an expression of
culture rather than a
performance. It is
unending. Bahay
Kubo is a folk song.

[Type here]
 b. Contemporary

Its text is based on

a given context
(time or place).
Music is
individualistic and
trained, bounded
by rules or
technique. It is a
performance so
with an expected
ending. Queen’s
Bohemian
Rhapsody is under
contemporary
music.

7. Visual Arts

a. Painting is the
application of
color on flat
surface. It is
two-dimensional
art work.

George Vibar’s
painting

[Type here]
 b. Sculpture is a
three-
dimensional art
piece that uses
clay, wood,
marble,
cement, paper,
etc.

Pat Noveno’s work

Ronald Bjaro’s vases

[Type here]
 c. Photography use a camera to capture images.

Erik Lim’s Superia 400

[Type here]
[Type here]
 Assessment Task: Essay
According to your own point of view answer the following questions:
1. Do you think art is important?
2. Why should we study art?
3. Do we need art?
All answer will be encoded and submitted to your respective Google classroom.

Rubric
Outstanding Very Satisfactory Satisfactory (2.0-2.5) Fair (2.6-3.0) Poor/Conditional/
(1.0-1.4) (1.5-1.9) Failed (3.1-4.0/5.0)
The answer is The answer is The answer is Some parts are The answer is
complete, complete, accurate complete but some missing, not incomplete,
accurate (form (form included), but parts are not accurate accurate, and not inaccurate (form
included), and not well-organized. (form included), and well-organized. included), and not
well-organized. not well-organized. well-organized.

References
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/
https://www.google.com/search?
q=architecture+meaning&oq=architec&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j69i59j0l4j46j0.4846j0j7&so
urceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?
ei=cdU2X7Bsqd6YBe_Uh4AK&q=interior+design+meaning&oq=interior+demeaning&
gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIA
BAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxA
eMgYIABAHEB46BAgAEEc6CwgAEAcQHhBGEPkBOgkIABBDEEYQ-
QE6BAgAEEM6CggAELEDEIMBEEM6BAgAEAo6CAgAEAcQChAeOgIIADoECA
AQDVDyoANYo78DYNXbA2gAcAF4AIABgwGIAbcRkgEEMTguNpgBAKABAaoB
B2d3cy13aXrAAQE&sclient=psy-ab
https://www.google.com/search?
ei=stU2X_zNHKubr7wPrZW3gAk&q=landscape+architecture+meaning&oq=landscape
+archi+meaning&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAxgAMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCA
AQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQ
HjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB46BAgAEEc6CQgAEA0QRhD5AToECAAQQzoKC
AAQsQMQgwEQQzoHCAAQsQMQQzoCCAA6CwgAEAcQHhBGEPkBOgoIABCxA

[Type here]
 xBGEPkBUMGqAVjR5QFg-
PYBaAFwAXgAgAG6AYgBiBaSAQUxNi4xMpgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrAAQE&s
client=psy-ab
https://www.realliving.com.ph/lifestyle/5-national-artists-who-are-architects-
a00043-20180827
http://www.urbandesign.org/
http://ecourbanhub.com//ananas-new-community-sweet-reality-philippines
https://piep.org.ph/profile/objectives.html
http://primer.com.ph/blog/2017/01/02/mainstream-and-indie-the-philippines-film-
industry/
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/
dance/philippine-contemporary-dance/
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/
index;_ylt=AwrXgiOsGAZcKlkAJ1BPmolQ;_ylu=X3oDMTEyMmo1MWE3BGNv
bG8DZ3ExBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjI1NTdfMQRzZWMDc3I-?
qid=20111001172142AA7EtgD
https://www.vox.com/2018/7/13/17556030/sytycd-dance-styles-guide
https://karenhobiwong.wordpress.com/2012/03/02/pat-noveno-exhibit-2012-2/
Suggested Readings
Chey, C. (2017). Art is Universal-Society is Local. Arts and International
Affairs. 2 (2).doi: 10.18278/aia.2.2.5
Jones, J. (2015, October 1). Art is universal – no country should claim a
masterpiece for their own. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/jonathanjonesblog/2015/oct/01/rembrandt-
art-universal-country-claim
Chastain, J. (2019, January 30). Why is art universal?. Quora.
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-art-universal/answer/Jason-Chastain-5
Lumbera, B. (2004, January 5). In Focus: Decentering Philippine Art and
Culture. NCCA.https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/decentering-
philippine-art-and-culture/
Peralta, J.T. (2015, March 6). Cultural Evolution. NCCA.
https://ncca.gov.ph/2016/03/06/cultural-evolution/
De Leon, Jr., F.M. (2011, July 29). In Focus: Cultural Identity and
Development. NCCA.
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/cultural-identity-and-
development/
De Leon, Jr., F.M. (2011, July 29). In Focus: Philippine Arts in Context.
NCCA. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/philippine-arts-in-
context/
[Type here]
 Leddy, T. (2020). Dewey’s Aesthetics. In E.N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020). Stanford.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dewey-aesthetics/
Koloc, D. (2019, October 25). Why does Art involve experience?. Quora.
https://www.quora.com/Why-does-art-involve-experience/answer/David-Koloc
Hospers, J. (2019). Art as Expression. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-
art/Art-as-expression
Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2020). Art, Expression in. In
Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved
July 29, 2020, from https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-
almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/art-expression
Bissell, R. (1974, July 20). A Critical Examination of the Notions of Art as
“Imitation of
Nature” and “Re-Creation of Reality”. The Personal Site of Roger Bissell, the
Muse-Seeker. http://www.rogerbissell.com/id11b2.html
Mallick, P. (2017, January 14). The Creative Process of Making Art 1 :
Generic Creative Process. WordPress.
http://prabalmallick.net/blog/creative-process-of-making-art/

Acknowledgement
Albayano artists who are mentioned and whose works are present in the material.

Abdon Balde, Jr., Bligz, Cesar Gueta, Culing Bemil II, Erik Lim, George Vibar, Giovanii Buen,
Inocencio Bermundo, Jaried Millare, Jimple Borlagdan, Julio Mendoza, Niles Jordan Breis, Noel
Dorente, Omar Brocelango, Rafael Belgica, Jr., Raffi Banzuela, Ramil Chavenia, Ronaldo Bejaro, Ronald
Rebutica, Richard D. Madrilejos, Roy B. Dominguiano, Sarah Marion Monay, Vic Silva, Yatoy Carretas

[Type here]