GRADE 12

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

HUMSS
Community Engagement, Solidarity and
Citizenship

Quarter 3
Week 4-6

Subject Teacher:

IRISH D. VALLECERA
09151810528
 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP

Quarter : 3 Week : 4 Day : 1 Activity No. : 1

Competency: : Explain the methodologies and approaches in
community action
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-17
Objective : Explain the processes, methodologies, and
approaches in applied social sciences related to
community action.
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and involvements across disciplines
Materials Graphic organizer
Reference CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series:
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
https://brainly.ph/question/1210165
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
 Process - is a series or set of activities that interact to
produce a result; it may occur once only or be recurrent or
periodic (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/process
 Methodology - is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the
methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the
theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles
associated with a branch of knowledge
(https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/methodology)
 Applied Social Sciences - it is the study that uses the
knowledge-based theories, principles, and methods of
interdisciplinary disciplines of basic social science to
understand the society and to help address or solve a social
problem or practical problem in society.
(https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/JohnPaulEspiritu3/defining
-social-sciences-and-applied-social-sciences)
Methodologies and Approaches in Community Action

1. Partnership Building - is a way for your organization to expand

its capacity and value across your expanding network of
stakeholders. Together it can cement new partnerships that bring
mutual benefits.

Example: Government agency like the Ministry of Education accepting

the help of local NGO and local elected body to enhance literacy in
a village

2. Community Profiling - is a method used to establish a better

understanding and description of the community in a specific
geographical location and its community members’ context and
reality. It is not just a simple report. It is the voice of the
community people that speaks about their lives.

3. Needs and Resource Assessment - it is a continuous process; a

step-by-step procedure in which the needs, available resources,
different groups working with and for the community, and the dynamic
participation of community members are identified.

4. Leadership Development - define as the growth and development of

one’s abilities and capabilities to become effective leaders. It is
also a process which cultivates an individual to become an effective
leader by giving him or her an opportunity to learn, grow, and
change.

5. Resource Mobilization - is concerned in sustaining the relevance

of communities, groups, institutions, social movements, and any
forms of organizations by enabling the movement of resources.

6. Social Action - is about people coming together to help improve

their lives and solve the problems that are important in their lives
and in their communities.

7. Evaluation - defined as the systematic assessment of the worth

or merit of some object and the systematic acquisition and assessment
of information to provide useful feedback about some object.

Activity
1. Why is it important to know the different methodologies and
approaches in community actions?

Quarter : 3 Week : 4 Day : 2 Activity No. : 2

Competency: : Explain the methodologies and approaches in
community action
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-17
Objective : Differentiate the approaches in building
partnerships in the local groups
Topic : Process, Methodologies and approaches of community
actions and involvements across disciplines
 Partnership building with the local groups.
Materials : Venn diagram
:
Reference Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series: Community
Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
https://uwaterloo.ca/implementing-sustainable-
community-plans/dissemination/partnership-
approach
Copyrights : For classroom use only
Concept Notes
Partnership - is the state or condition of being with a partner, or
being in participation, association, and joint interest. It is
essentially the building of a relationship between government,
business, and civil society to mobilize their respective resources
and competencies guided by the “principles of shared risk, cost, and
mutual benefit” to deal with the challenges of sustainable
development. It has been practiced between and among different
groups based on their own contexts, motivation, and mandates.
Partnership is historically rooted in Filipino culture.

Examples and practices of partnership in the country include the

organization and formation of alliances, federations, and support
groups among sectoral and multi-sectoral groups and partner
communities. Partnership is also practiced between and among
government organizations, private organizations, business
organizations, nongovernment organizations, and peoples’
organizations (such as cooperatives and associations).

Types of Approach

1. Participation or stakeholder consultation. It is ideal for a

municipal sustainability plan as it relates to the normal mandate
of the local government.

2. Partnership or collaboration. This type of approach is ideal for

a community sustainability plan.

Strategies to Build Successful Partnership

1. It is important to involve the right people. Partner groups should

be given the chance to contribute their ideas and share their
expertise.

2. The members of the community should have initiative and be

responsible. A potential leader who has the ability to motivate
people to be committed with one’s work and be open with
responsibilities can be tapped.

3. The group should have clear and attainable goals and these should
be aligned with those of the partner groups.

Activity

1. Why is building partnerships with the local groups important in

community action?

Quarter : 3 Week : 4 Day : 3 Activity No. : 3

Competency: : Apply systematic methods of community action in
understanding community
 HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-18
Objective : Describe social research methods in conducting a
Community study
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and environments across disciplines
•Community Profiling
Materials : Table
Reference CG, Textbook; Semorian A. (2018). Community
engagement, solidarity and citizenship for senior
high school. C & E Publishing. p.130
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Social Research - a method used by social scientist and researchers
to learn about people and societies so that they can design
products/services that cater to various needs of the people

Types of Social Research

 Qualitative methods- rely on direct communication with members
of a market, observation, text analysis. The results of this
method are focused more on being accurate rather than
generalizing to the entire population.
 Quantitative methods- use statistical analysis techniques to
evaluate data collected via surveys, polls or questionnaires.
 Primary research- conducted by the researchers themselves.
 Secondary research- a method where information has already been
collected by research organizations or marketers.

Community Profiling - is a method used to establish a better

understanding and description of the community in a specific
geographical location and its community member’s context and
reality. It is an expression of knowing the community itself.

Some Types of Community Profiling

1. Rapid Appraisal- this type of profiling deals with how the
researchers extract data by means of observation and by conducting
a discussion with the key informants from the community.
2. Priority Searching- the primary means of data collection is a
focus group discussion (FGD)
3. Compass- this method uses a 400-item questionnaire, which also
allows the respondents to add their own questions.

Activity
1. Differentiate Qualitative from Quantitative method of social
research.

Quarter : 3 Week : 4 Day : 4 Activity No. : 4

Competency: : Apply systematic methods of community action in
understanding community
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-18
Objective : Identify the basic similarities and differences of
community profiling and needs and resources
assessment
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and involvements across disciplines
•Community profiling and Needs and Resource
Assessment
Materials :
Reference CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series:
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Community profiling as a tool for community development is not new.
It involves a representation of the nature, needs, and resources of
a community, with the active cooperation and participation of a
chosen community. It is usually the first phase in any community
planning process, as it establishes good rapport-building with the
community members.

Community profiling is best used to determine the community’s

sociodemographic profile, environmental conditions, community
structures, local institutions, economic activities, livelihood, and
basic household profile.

Community profiling is important because it may justify the

identified needs of the community.

According to Community Matters (2014), the nine resources to be

considered in community profiling are the following:
 History
 People of the community
 Presence of different agencies, support groups, and
institutions
 Health and welfare and development programs
 Work and economy
 Housing needs and resources assessment
 Leisure
 Religion
 Aspects related to people with special needs (differently
abled people)

On the other hand, needs assessment generally makes use of existing

data (e.g., population). It provides background knowledge on the
services, programs, and resources that the community needs. Needs
and resources assessment tackles the community’s weak points, flaws,
need for programs and services, and understanding the problem of the
community in terms of information and communication.

Activity
1. What is the difference between community profiling and needs
and resources assessment?
 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP

Quarter : 3 Week : 5 Day : 1 Activity No. : 1

Competency: : Plan using participatory approaches
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Explain participatory action planning and resource
mobilization
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and involvements across disciplines
 Planning and Resource mobilization
Materials :
Reference CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series:
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
Semorian A. (2018). Community engagement,
solidarity and citizenship for senior high school.
C & E Publishing.
http://oer2go.org/mods/en-
boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-
sociology-textbook/social-change-21/social-
movements-140/resource-mobilization-approach-772-
985/index.html
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Participatory Approach helps to secure the ownership and commitment
of the communities involved.

Participatory Action Planning is a means to neutralize and open

spaces and opportunities for the communities wherein existence of
development for the longest time is dominated by the elite and
powerful few. The kind of planning which gives importance to and
practices genuine involvement and active participation of different
stakeholders. The community-driven development approach advocated
by the World Bank is an example of participatory planning.

Resource Mobilization is the process of getting a range of resources

from a resource provider by using different mechanisms for a
community’s project to work and achieve its goals. Examples include
spreading flyers, holding community meetings, and recruiting
volunteers.

Resource Mobilization Theory seeks to explain the emergence of

social movements. It emphasizes the importance of resources in
social movement development and success.

Activity
1. Give one (1) example each of Participatory action planning and
Resource mobilization that is not mentioned in the concept notes.

Quarter : 3 Week : 5 Day : 2 Activity No. : 2

Competency: : Plan using participatory approaches
 HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Explain the importance of Participatory Action
Planning and Resource Mobilization
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and involvements across disciplines
 Planning and Resource mobilization
Materials :
Reference CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series:
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Some important points of PAP based on the different development
practices (Center for International Forestry Research 2007):
 PAP unifies the different opinions, feelings, positions,
views, perspectives, and recommendations of members of
participants
 Because of efforts to unify, PAP minimizes the conflicts
between opposing ideas, individuals, and groups. Common ground
and stand are always products of collective decision-making.
 PAP opens space and opportunities for the poor, excluded, and
marginalized sectors to participate in the planning process.
 PAP allows community members to have control of and access to
their lives’ resources.
 Participatory planning results to a higher probability and more
efficient means of addressing community issues, concerns, and
needs.
 Finally, PAP allows for an increased transparency and local
accountability in local governance. At the same time, the
culture of trust between and among stakeholders and local
government will be improved.

Resource Mobilization is important because:

 it helps and assists in the allocation of resources for group
and sectoral development;
 facilitates the sustainability and development of projects,
programs, resources, and organizations; and
 assists the community or organization in setting up the
priorities and options to be undertaken.

Activity
1. Give one (1) importance each of participatory action planning
and resource mobilization.

Quarter : 3 Week : 5 Day : 3 Activity No. : 3

Competency: : Plan using participatory approaches
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Explain the steps and guidelines in Participatory
action planning
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and involvements across disciplines
 Participatory Action Planning
Materials : Graphic organizer
Reference CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series:
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Steps and Guidelines in Participatory action planning
Conducting or implementing PAP needs to be guided by a set of steps
and guidelines. According to Higgins and Toness (2010) there are
eight steps in conducting PAP. While the following steps are highly
considered, these are still open for innovation and flexibility.

Step 1. Preparing the participants

Step 2. Sharing of information and needs assessment
Step 3. Identifying resources
Step 4. Envisioning a future
Step 5. Analyzing needs
Step 6. Building consensus
Step 7 Creating an action plan
Step 8. Implementing the plan

The actors and actresses of change that can be named as the

following:
 Targets of change-these are the specific or general members of
the target community who would directly or indirectly benefit
from the development programs, projects, and interventions.
 Agents of change- these are the people who possess certain
levels of influence in the community, especially in developing
and formulating policies, building public opinion, and
becoming partners of community development.
 Interested members of the community-these are community
members who have a special interest in the development of the
community or specific issues concerning the community.
 Members of organization-organization that have engagements or
operations in the community can be a substantial part of the
PAP process.

Activity:
1. What are the steps in Participatory action planning?

Quarter : 3 Week : 5 Day : 4Activity : 4

No.
Competency: : Plan using participatory approaches
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Identify and explain the steps and guidelines in
Resource Mobilization
Topic : Methodologies and approaches of community actions
and involvements across disciplines
 Resource Mobilization
Materials :
Reference CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series:
Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship
distributed by DIWA Learning Systems INC.
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Resource Mobilization is concerned in sustaining the relevance of
communities, groups, institutions, social movements, and any forms
of organizations by enabling the movement of resources (e.g.
financial, human, technological, and other tangible assets). It is
usually practiced by NGOs and other social movements for them to be
able to move their resources in accordance with their development
plans and agendas.

Steps and Guidelines in Resource Mobilization (developed by the

United Nations)

Step 1. Preparing a specific resource strategy. This step involves

planning the needs, existing resources, and mobilization to support
the operations, programs, projects, and processes.
Step 2. Identifying and broadening the stakeholder group. This step
is where potential supporters, funders, human expertise, and other
willing providers are determined.
Step 3. Developing key messages. This step is a form of resource
mobilization strategy similar to campaigns, advocacies, volunteers’
mobilization, networking, program accompaniment, and solidarity
work.
Step 4. Selecting resource mobilization vehicles. It should be clear
that identifying possible resources of resources, in a sense, is
also identifying resources that can be tapped from the community.
Step 5. Resource mobilization monitoring and evaluation. This is
where the assessment of various resource mobilization processes and
strategies are undertaken.
Step 6. Gearing up for resource mobilization. This step involves the
implementation of the resource mobilization. This is to ensure that
the right people or groups will lead and support the mobilization,
and that policies, strategies, and systems are in place.

As part of the action plan, resource mobilization can already be

facilitated during the planning process or during the needs and
resources assessment.

Activity:
1. What are the steps and guidelines in resource mobilization?

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY

AND CITIZENSHIP

Quarter : 3 Week : 6 Day : 1 Activity No. : 1

Competency: : Formulate a community action plan
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Define community action and community action plan
Topic : Community action
Materials
Reference : CG, Textbook; DIWA Senior High School Series: Community
Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship distributed by
DIWA Learning Systems INC.
https://sswm.info/sswm-solutions-bop-markets/improving-
water-and-sanitation-services-provided-public-
institutions-1/community-action-
plan#:~:text=The%20plan%20describes%20what%20the,decide
d%20by%20the%20community%20itself.
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
Community Action refers to collective efforts done by people
directed toward addressing social problems (e.g., social
inequalities, environmental degradation, and poverty) in order to
achieve social well-being. Community action can take the form of
community engagement and solidarity, which bolster citizenship in
the process. The changes brought about by community action can be
understood by learning the concepts, factors, and theories of social
change.

Community Action Plan is one of the participatory tools used to

build the capacity of community members in taking action in
accordance with the problems, needs, and potential of the community.

The community action plan should become a framework for implementing

the activities that are decided by the community itself. The focus
is more on the process of understanding and overcoming problems in
order to rebuild the people's lives rather than just physical
development such as building houses, providing clean water or toilet
facilities. It is important to understand that the community should
be the main actors in preparing their own community action plan.
Producing the action plan helps people to take realistic and concrete
steps toward participatory development planning in order to improve
the sanitation and water system. By bringing everyone together to
think and discuss about resources and group involvement, this tool
increases awareness about the skills and resources already available
in the community.

Activity
1. Why community action is important?
2. Why do you think people’s participation in planning is essential
for development?

Quarter : 3 Week : 6 Day : 2 Activity No. : 2

Competency: : Formulate a community action plan
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Identify the steps in creating an action plan
Topic : Community Action Plan
Materials
Reference : CG
https://extension.psu.edu/the-seven-steps-of-action-
planning
 https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+of+community+a
ction+plan&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj9q-
ihiZjrAhVGfd4KHZ06BroQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=608
#imgrc=cQ1wdFT954WzAM
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
The Seven Steps of Action Planning

1. Define the Problem(s)- Evaluate the situation. Have all

possibilities been considered? In this stage, explore all
possibilities, ask all involved or interested individuals for their
input into identifying the problem. Is there just one problem or are
there more?
2. Collect and Analyze the Data- Now that you have identified the
problem, collect and analyze data to prove or disprove the assumption
that your problem is a result of inconsistent ration. Analyze the
situations by asking the WH questions.
3. Clarify and Prioritize the Problem(s)- If there is more than one
problem, you will need to prioritize the problems so you can focus
on the most important problems first.
4. Write a Goal Statement for Each Solution- the next step in the
process is setting S.M.A.R.T. goals, or goals that are:
S - Specific
M - Measurable
A - Achievable
R - Relevant
T - Timely
The team needs to go through the problems that have been identified
and evaluate them for each of these items. If all the goals that
have been set are S.M.A.R.T. goals, great -- you are ready to move
on to Monitoring Progress. Otherwise, work with the team to make the
necessary adjustments to make the goals S.M.A.R.T.
5. Implement Solutions: The Action Plan- Step five is to write an
action plan that addresses the problems. An action plan is written
so that any employee can do the task successfully alone and is
followed much like a recipe. It converts the goal or plan into a
people process. It has three essential parts:
Based on the goal the action plans answer five questions - What?
When? How? Where? Who?
Lists Resources
Lists Potential Barriers
6. Monitor and Evaluate- Our next step in the problem solving process
is to design a method for monitoring the outcome. The method we
select should assess whether the goal and action plan corrects the
problem. In addition, a well-designed monitoring method will help
the team to determine when the action plan needs to be improved.
7. Restart with a New Problem, or Refine the Old Problem- The problem
solving steps are cyclical. If the first cycle is successful, the
process starts over with a new problem. If the same problem persists,
there must be refinement, so the process starts over with refinement
of the original problem as more current data is analyzed

Activity
1. What are the steps in creating an action plan?
Quarter : 3 Week : 6 Day : 3 Activity No. : 3
Competency: : Formulate a community action plan
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Identify the parts of community action plan
Topic : Community Action Plan
Materials
Reference : CG
https://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/network-
age-friendly-communities/info-2014/how-to-create-
a-community-action-plan.html
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes
The action plan is an actual document, presented with the following
elements:
1. Cover page
2. Executive summary or letter from the community's top elected
official
3. The table of contents
4. A community profile
5. An introduction to the plan
6. An explanation of how the plan was developed
7. Information about who was involved in the development of the plan
8. Information about who will manage the implementation of the plan
9. Other information that is important to the plan
10. The action plan
11. Appendices and supporting documentation
THE CONTENT-While there is flexibility in how a plan is created and
what it will do, every action plan should include the following:

1. A statement of what must be achieved (aka: the goals or output)

2. Activities that have to be followed to reach the objective or
goal
3. The target date for completion and/or a schedule for when each
activity
4. Identification of the group or individual responsible for each
activity
5. Clarification of the inputs or resources for completing the task
6. Identification of the indicators that will allow for measuring
progress toward the goals

THE MONITORING -Depending on what's in the plan, determine in advance

how to track its progress toward meeting its goals and objectives.
If it isn't succeeding, adapt the plan.

Quarter : 3 Week : 6 Day : 4 Activity No. : 4

Competency: : Formulate a community action plan
HUMSS_CSC12-Iva-d-19
Objective : Create an action plan
Topic : Community Action Plan
Materials
Reference : CG
https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+of+communi
ty+action+plan&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwj9q-
ihiZjrAhVGfd4KHZ06BroQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih
=608#imgrc=cQ1wdFT954WzAM
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=CB6X
5A&sp=yes&
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Sample Action Plan

Problem: Underage youths in our community are drinking.
Problem Target population: 11th and 12th Grade Youth in Green
Country
Intervening Variable/Underlying Condition: Youth are getting
alcohol at local retailers. Checks show that 60% of retailers
are not refusing sales to underage youth. [Retail Access]
Strategy: Provide TIPS training
Strategy target population: All retailers who sell alcohol in
Green Country
Long term outcome: 90% of retailers in Green country will refuse
to sell alcohol to underage youth.
(Acti (Time (Locatio (Process (Resource (Persons (Shor
on ) n) Indicator s) Responsibl t-
Steps s) e) Term
) When Where How will What do Who will Outco
will will it we know we need make sure me
What it happen? it has to make it happen? (s)
will happe happened? this
we n? happen? What
do? will
succe
ss
look
like?

Activity (This is an individual task considering the pandemic)

Think one (1) sample problem in your own community that needs a
solution and after that formulate a community action plan using the
sample action plan above for your guide.