Introductory Statistics Using Spss 2Nd Edition Knapp Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF

1
Introductory Statistics
Using SPSS 2nd Edition
Knapp Solutions Manual
Full download at link:
https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-
for-introductory-statistics-using-spss-2nd-
edition-knapp-1506341004-9781506341002/
Exercise Page
Chapter 5 5.6A ................. 32
5.6B ................. 35
t Test and Mann-Whitney U Test
5.7A ................. 38
Solutions to All Exercises 5.7B ................. 41
5.8A ................. 44
5.8B ................. 47
5.9A ................. 50
Exercise Page 5.9B ................. 53
5.1A....................2 5.10A ............... 56
5.1B....................5 5.10B ............... 59
5.2A....................8
5.2B..................11
5.3A..................14
5.3B..................17
5.4A..................20
5.4B..................23
5.5A..................26
5.5B..................29
Knapp, Introductory Statistics Using SPSS, Second Edition. © 2017, SAGE Publications.
2
Exercise 5.1, Data Set A
(a)
H0: Practicing meditation for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week has no effect on resting
pulse rate.
H1: Practicing meditation for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 2 weeks affects
resting pulse rate.
(b)
Histograms with normal curve plots show a normal distribution of pulse for both groups
as shown in the two figures below, hence, the pretest criterion of normality is satisfied.
Normal distribution for pulse in Group 1 (No meditation)
3
Normal distribution for pulse in Group 2 (Meditated 30 minutes a day, 3 days per week)
Test of Homogeneity of Variances

pulse
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

.089 1 68 .766
The homogeneity of variance score shows a significance (p) of .766; since this is
greater than the  level of .05, this suggests that there is no statistically significant
difference between the variances of the two groups, hence, this pretest criterion passes.
The n for each group, as shown in the Descriptives table below is 35 for each group;
since the ns are greater than 30, this criterion passes also.
4
(c)
The t test revealed the following:
Descriptives
pulse
Std. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
No meditation 35 97.40 6.826 1.154 95.06 99.74 84 109
Meditates 30 minutes 35 92.20 7.287 1.232 89.70 94.70 78 105
Total 70 94.80 7.483 .894 93.02 96.58 78 109
ANOVA
pulse
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 473.200 1 473.200 9.492 .003
Within Groups 3390.000 68 49.853
Total 3863.200 69
The mean pulse rate for Group 1 (No meditation) is 97.40, whereas the mean pulse rate
for Group 2 (Meditated 30 minutes, 3 days per week) is 92.20. This 5.2-point difference
is statistically significant since the significance (p) is .003 (which is less than the .05 
level).
(d)
This study analyzed the effects that meditation had on resting pulse rates. The subjects
were randomly assigned to one of two groups; the group that did not meditate, and the
other group that meditated for 30 minute on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 2
weeks. Results revealed a mean resting pulse rate of 97.40 for those who did not
meditate, and 92.20 for those who did meditate. Using a .05  level, the p value of .003
suggests that meditation does facilitate a significant reduction in resting pulse rate,
hence, we reject H0. These findings suggest support for H1, specifically, that practicing
meditation for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 2 weeks affected the mean resting
pulse rate among these participants.
5
Exercise 5.1, Data Set B
(a)
H0: Practicing meditation for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week has no effect on
resting pulse rate.
H1: Practicing meditation for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 2 weeks affects
resting pulse rate.
(b) Histograms with normal curve plots show a normal distribution of pulse for both
groups as shown in the two figures below, hence, the pretest criterion of normality is
satisfied.
Normal distribution for pulse in Group 1 (No meditation)
6
Normal distribution for pulse in Group 2 (Meditated 30 minutes a day, 3 days per week)

pulse

.317 1 66 .576
The homogeneity of variance score for pulse shows a significance (p) of .576; since this
is greater than the  level of .05, this suggests that there is no statistically significant
The n criterion is satisfied as both groups have an n of more than 30 (see Descriptives
table below).
7
(c)
Descriptives
pulse
Std. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

N Mean Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
No meditation 33 95.15 5.901 1.027 93.06 97.24 80 105
Meditates 30 minutes 35 93.54 6.797 1.149 91.21 95.88 79 107
Total 68 94.32 6.382 .774 92.78 95.87 79 107
ANOVA
pulse

Between Groups 43.954 1 43.954 1.080 .302
Within Groups 2684.928 66 40.681
Total 2728.882 67
The mean pulse rate for Group 1 (No meditation) is 95.15, whereas the mean pulse rate
for Group 2 (Meditated 30 minutes, 3 days per week) is 93.54. Even though the mean
pulse rate for the meditation group is 1.61 points lower than the control group, this
difference is not considered to be statistically significant since the significance (p) is
.302 (which is greater than the .05  level).
(d)
This study analyzed the effects that meditation had on resting pulse rates. The subjects
were randomly assigned to two groups; those that did not meditate, and those that
meditated for 30 minutes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 2 weeks. Results
revealed a mean resting pulse rate of 95.15 for those who did not meditate, and 93.54
for those who did meditate. This study showed a 1.61 reduction in the pulse rate of
those who meditated; however, since the p value of .302 is greater than the .05  level,
we would conclude that this difference is not statistically significant, hence, we do not
reject H0. For the subjects studied, meditation did not significantly affect resting pulse
rate.
8
(a)
H0: Pairing incoming freshmen with a sophomore for mentorship will have no effect on
freshman’s overall term grade.
H1: Pairing incoming freshmen with a sophomore for mentorship will increase the
freshman’s overall term grade.
(b)
Since the n for each group is low (only 25 each), and the histogram for grade in Group 1
(No mentor) is negatively skewed, this means that there are two violations of the pretest
conditions for the t test. For these reasons, I would use the Mann-Whitney U test
instead of the t test.
Group 1—No mentor
9
Group 2—With mentor
(c)
The Mann-Whitney U test revealed the following:
Ranks
group N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
grade No mentor 25 25.78 644.50
In-person mentor 25 25.22 630.50
Total 50
Test Statisticsa
grade
Mann-Whitney U 305.500
Wilcoxon W 630.500
Z -.136
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .892
a. Grouping Variable: group
The mean term grade for Group 1 (No mentor) is 68.84, whereas the mean term grade
for Group 2 (With mentor) is 69.12. This .028-point difference is not statistically
significant since the significance (p) is .892 (which is greater than the .05  level).
10
(d)
This study analyzed the effects that peer mentoring from a sophomore had on incoming
freshmen’s term grades. The freshmen were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a
group that did not have a mentor and the other group that was assigned to a mentor.
Results revealed a mean term grade of 68.84 for those who did not have a mentor and
69.12 for those who did have a mentor. Using a .05  level, the p value of .892 suggests
that this type of mentorship does not facilitate a significant increase in freshman term
grade; hence, we do not reject H0. These findings do not suggest support for H1—
specifically, that providing sophomore mentors to incoming freshman enhances
freshman term grade among these participants.
11
Exercise 5.2, Data Set B
(a)
H0: Pairing incoming freshmen with a sophomore for mentorship will have no effect on
freshman’s term grade.
H1: Pairing incoming freshmen with a sophomore for mentorship will increase the
freshman’s term grade.
(b)
Histograms with normal curve plots show a normal distribution of term grade for both
groups as shown in the two figures below; hence, the pretest criterion of normality is
satisfied.
Group 1—No mentor
12
Group 2—With mentor

grade

.188 1 48 .666
The homogeneity of variance score shows a significance (p) of .666; since this is
greater than the  level of .05, this suggests that there is no statistically significant
difference between the variances of the groups; hence, this pretest criterion passes.
The n for each group, as shown in the Descriptives table below, is 25 for each group;
the t test becomes more robust when the ns are at least 30, but we’ll proceed with the
25 per group.
13
(c)
Descriptives
grade
95% Confidence Interval

for Mean
Std. Std. Lower Upper
N Mean Deviation Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum
No mentor 25 63.56 7.042 1.408 60.65 66.47 48 77
In-person mentor 25 69.40 7.539 1.508 66.29 72.51 54 83
Total 50 66.48 7.799 1.103 64.26 68.70 48 83
ANOVA
grade

Between Groups 426.320 1 426.320 8.012 .007
Within Groups 2554.160 48 53.212
Total 2980.480 49
The mean term grade for Group 1 (No mentor) is 63.56, whereas the mean term grade
for Group 2 (With mentor) is 69.40. This 5.84-point difference is statistically significant
since the significance (p) is .007 (which is less than the .05  level).
(d)
This study analyzed the effects that peer mentoring from a sophomore had on incoming
freshmen’s term grades. The freshmen were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a
group that did not have a mentors and the other group that was assigned to mentors.
Results revealed a mean term grade of 63.56 for those who did not have a mentor and
69.40 for those who did have a mentor. Using a .05  level, the p value of .007 suggests
that this type of mentorship facilitates a significant increase in freshman term grade;
hence, we reject H0. These findings suggest support for H1—specifically, that providing
sophomore mentors to incoming freshman enhances freshman term grade among these
participants.
14
(a)
H0: Tending to a plant has no effect on depressive mood.
H1: Tending to a plant reduces depressive mood.
(b)
Despite the few low score outliers shown in the histogram for Group 2, the Histograms
with normal curve plots show a normal distribution of the depress variable for both
groups as shown in the two figures below, hence, the pretest criterion of normality is
satisfied.
Normal distribution for depress in Group 1 (No plant)
15
Normal distribution for depress in Group 2 (Bamboo)

depress

3.615 1 118 .060
The homogeneity of variance score for mood shows a significance (p) of .060; since this
is greater than the  level of .05, this suggests that there is no statistically significant
The n for each group is 60 (see Descriptives table below), which satisfies the 30 per
group minimum criterion.
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LXXXV.—No. 41, BEDFORD SQUARE.
Ground landlord and lessee.
Ground Landlord, His Grace the Duke of Bedford, K.G.;
lessee, Anthony Hope Hawkins, Esq.
General description and date of
structure.
On 20th November, 1777, a lease[753] was granted of the
thirteenth house from Charlotte Street, on the south side of Bedford
Square. This is now No. 41, Bedford Square.
The premises have been considerably modernized, but four
chimneypieces remain, that in the front room on the ground floor
being Greek in character, with panelled pilasters and acanthus
capitals. The one in the rear room on the same floor is treated with
three-quarter Ionic columns carrying the cornice directly over, to
which a shelf of later date has been added.
On the first floor, the chimneypiece in the front room (Plate
95) has coupled and bracketed pilasters and sculptured frieze. That
in the rear room (Plate 95) is inlaid with mottled green marble. It
retains the original cast-iron grate. The ornamental plaster ceiling in
this room has four oval plaques in square panels. According to Mr.
Anthony Hope Hawkins, the present occupier, it is composed partly
of old portions of a ceiling formerly in No. 30 or No. 31, Bedford
Square, the remaining part being a copy of a ceiling still existing in
one of these houses. The ceiling appears to be a replica of that in the
rear room of No. 31 (Plate 88), with the exception that it is of less
width, and consequently the central design, instead of being circular,
is compressed into an oval form.
Condition of repair.
The premises are in good repair.
Biographical notes.
According to the ratebooks, Robert Peers took the house in 1782 and
remained there until after the close of the century.
The Council’s collection contains:—
Detail of marble chimneypiece in front room on ground floor
(photograph).
Detail of marble chimneypiece in rear room on ground floor
(photograph).
[754]Marble chimneypiece in front room on first floor (photograph).
Ornamental plaster ceiling in rear room on first floor (photograph).

[754]Marble chimneypiece in rear room on first floor (photograph).
LXXXVI.—No. 44, BEDFORD SQUARE.
Ground landlord, His Grace the Duke of Bedford, K.G.; lessee,
Philip Morrell, Esq., M.P.
structure.
On 20th November, 1777, a lease[755] was granted of the tenth
house westward from Charlotte Street, on the south side of Bedford
Square. This was No. 44, Bedford Square.
The front room on the first floor has a ceiling of good design
(Plate 96), and in the room behind the staircase is a small white
marble chimneypiece, carved in low relief, and decorated with inlay
of Siena marble.
Biographical notes.
The occupiers of this house, according to the ratebooks, were as
follows:—
1782–84. Thos. Hibbert.

1784–94. T. S. Jackson.
1794– Henry Gregg.
[756]Ornamental plaster ceiling in front room on first floor
(photograph).
LXXXVII.—No. 46, BEDFORD SQUARE.
Ground landlord, His Grace the Duke of Bedford, K.G.;
lessees, Messrs. Royds, Rawstorne and Co.
structure.
The lease[757] granted on 20th November, 1777, of No. 45,
Bedford Square, refers to that house’s eastern boundary as “a
messuage lately erected.”
No. 46 forms the western half of the central feature on the
southern side of the square. It will be noticed in the photograph
(Plate 97) that an unusual expedient has been adopted by
introducing a central pilaster.
The staircase is of stone, with wrought-iron balustrade of
coupled plain bars, alternating with balusters of scroll work. The
handrail is of mahogany, and the lighting is obtained by an oval-
shaped lantern.
The principal doors are of mahogany, with finely marked
panels, and the metal fittings are silver plated.
There are three carved white marble chimneypieces. In the
case of that in the front room on the ground floor (Plate 98),
coloured marble is introduced as a Greek fret in the frieze, and as
plain strips at the sides, and the central panel is carved to represent a
Cupid sleeping. That in the front room on the first floor (Plate 98)
has two three-quarter columns with coloured marble shafts
supporting Ionic capitals. The frieze is finely carved, the central
panel representing three Cupids at play. The chimneypiece in the
rear room on the same floor has also good carving in low relief with a
central panel.
Biographical notes.
The following are the names of the occupiers of the house during the
18th century, according to the ratebooks:—
1782–90. Samuel Castell.

1790–96. Andrew Reid.
1796– Jas. Bailie.
[758]Exterior, with that of No. 47 (photograph).
[758]Marble chimneypiece in front room on ground floor
(photograph).
[758]Marble chimneypiece in front room on first floor (photograph).
Marble chimneypiece in back room on first floor (photograph).

LXXXVIII.—No. 47, BEDFORD SQUARE.
Ground landlord, His Grace the Duke of Bedford, K.G.; lessee,
Frederick W. Lanchester, Esq.

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1

Exercise 5.1, Data Set A

Normal distribution for pulse in Group 1 (No meditation)

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

Std. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Exercise 5.1, Data Set B

Normal distribution for pulse in Group 1 (No meditation)

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

Std. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Exercise 5.2, Data Set A

Group 1—No mentor

Group 2—With mentor

Exercise 5.2, Data Set B

Group 1—No mentor

Group 2—With mentor

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Exercise 5.3, Data Set A

Normal distribution for depress in Group 1 (No plant)

Normal distribution for depress in Group 2 (Bamboo)

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

Ornamental plaster ceiling in rear room on first floor (photograph).

1782–84. Thos. Hibbert.

1782–90. Samuel Castell.

Marble chimneypiece in back room on first floor (photograph).

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