UTS REVIEWER

TOPIC: The Political Self

Developing a Filipino Identity: Values, Traits, Community and Institutional Factors

 The beliefs and traditions of pre-colonial Philippines were mainly an indigenous Malay heritage
(Baringer, 2006).
 When the Spaniards colonized the islands, the Hispanic culture influenced the natives.
 The Americans shaped the modern Filipino culture.
 The brief occupation of the British (4762-1764) and the Japanese (1942-1945), however, had no
cultural influence in the Philippines at all.

Dr. Patricia B. Licuanan

--Psychologist, educator, and (former) chairperson of the Commission on Higher Education
--Wrote that the strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino character are rooted in factors.

The strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino character are rooted in factors, such as:
1. The home environment
2. The social environment
3. Culture and language
4. History
5. The educational system
6. Religion
7. The economic environment
8. The political environment
9. Mass media
10. Leadership and role models

Strengths of the Filipino Character

The Filipino traits we have in common. The strong aspects of the Filipino character are:
1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao
2. Family Orientation
3. Joy and humor
4. Flexibility, adaptability, and creativity
5. Hard work and industry
6. Faith and religiosity and
7. Ability to survive.

Weaknesses of the Filipino character

Generally, these weaknesses are:
1. Extreme personalism
2. Extreme family-centeredness
3. Lack of discipline
4. Passivity and lack of initiative
5. Colonial mentality
6. Kanya-kanyasyndrome and
7. Lack of self-analysis and self-reflection.

•palakasansystem
•"ningascogon“
•"Filipino time”
•colonial mentality
•kanya-kanyasyndrome
•Crab mentality
•kanya-kanyasyndrome
•Lack of analysis and reflection

Establishing a democratic culture. Democracy is a government in which the supreme power is vested in and
exercised by the people directly or indirectly through a system of representation.

Features that most people would consider desirable:

1. Democracy helps prevent cruel and vicious autocrats from ruling.
2. It fosters human development more fully than do other forms of government.
3. Democracy helps protect fundamental individual rights and interests.
4. Democratic societies provide people the maximum opportunity to take moral responsibility for their
choices and decisions.
5. Democratic societies offer a relatively high chance of political equality.

TOPIC: The Digital Self

The social world of a Western-influenced society, like the Philippines, typically consists of four domains:
1. Family,
2. School
3. Neighborhood
4. Online life
I, Me, Myself, and my user ID online identity
The self that is constructed online is generally called the DIGITAL SELF.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIGITAL SELF are (Zhao, 2005):
1. Oriented inward
2. Retractable
3. Narrative in nature
4. Multipliable.

SELF-REPRESENTATION
The basic kinds of people you interact with online are:
1. People you do not know at all.
2. People you know both online and offline.
3. People you know only online.

SELECTIVE SELF-PRESENTATION AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

SELF-PRESENTATION BEHAVIOR--any behavior intended to create, modify, or maintain an impression of

ourselves in the minds of others.

WHY DO PEOPLE ENGAGE IN SELF-PRESENTATION?

SELF-PRESENTATION --Helps facilitate social interaction.
--Enables individuals to attain material and social rewards.
--Help people privately construct desired identities.

GENERALLY, SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS ARE USED FOR

-Social Browsing
-Social Searching
-Communication
-Impression management.

IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT -the attempt to control or influence other people's perceptions. There are
two main motives of attempting to manage the impressions of
others:

1. Instrumental. This motive is to basically gain rewards and increase one's self-esteem.
2. Expressive. This motivation is about attempting to be in control of one's personal behavior and identity. It is a
response to moral norms, expectations, or restrictions, seeking to show others that he or she, as a
person, is different.

IMPRESSION-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
1. Self-Promotion
2. Ingratiation
3. Exemplification
4. Intimidation
5. Supplication

HYPERPERSONAL MODEL --This theory suggested that the advantage of computer-mediated communication is that
a person can edit his or her self-presentation, which in turn positively
impressions on the self; thus, greater intimacy is possible (Gonzales&Hancock,2011).
DRUG/ALCOHOL/NICOTINE ABSTINENCE SYNDROME
SYMPTOMS:
1. Anxiety
2. Insomnia
3. Depression Restlessness
4. Headaches
5. Social isolation
6. Irritability
7. Poor concentration

WHAT MAKES US SO ADDICTED?

Social validation is an important part of being human. Hence, a Facebook "Like" or a Twitter "Favorite" is a social
signal that makes us feel good and makes us want to crave more.

BOUNDARIES OF THE SELF ONLINE:

A. PRIVATE VS. PUBLIC
B. PERSONAL/INDIVIDUAL VS. SOCIAL
C. PRIVATE VS. PUBLIC PRIVATE.
The prevalent definition among social psychologists is "private" refers to mental events in a person that
are inherently unobservable by others.
What social psychologists consider as "public" are behaviors that are open to the observations of other
people.

SUMMARY OF THE VARIOUS USES OF THE TERMS PRIVATE AND PUBLIC:

PRIVATE
1. Phenomenological experience
2. Acting only for self
3. Actor controls access to information regarding self
4. Acting in the interest of a limited number of people

PUBLIC
1. Observable behavior
2. Acting as an agent for others
3. Information about self not controlled by the actor
4. Acting in the interest of the community

Possible advantages of making your online profile public:

1. It facilitates open communication that could lead to better and faster information discovery and delivery.
2. It allows open discussion on ideas and the posting of news, asking questions, and sharing of links.
3. It provides an opportunity to widen business contacts.
4. It targets a wide audience, making it a useful and effective tool to increase your network of friends.
5. If you are an entrepreneur, it improves your business reputation and client base with minimal use of advertising.
6. It helps expand market research, implement marketing campaigns, deliver communications, and direct interested
people to specific websites.

Possible RISKS of making your online profile public:

1. It opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch spam and virus attacks.
2. It increases the risk of people falling prey to online scams that seem genuine, resulting in data or
identity theft.
3. It potentially results in negative comments and bashing.

Some advantages of making your online profile private:

1. You have control over viewers.
2. You only connect with those you want to communicate with.
3. Your online profile is protected from scammers and bashers.

Some RISKS of making your online profile private:

1. Your network is very limited; thus, you close your doors to opportunities that social networking brings.
2. Your engagement is very low.
3. You do not get to meet interesting people with whom you can exchange ideas or learn from.
4. If you are an entrepreneur, a private profile will not help grow your business.
Individual vs. social identity
PERSONAL(INDIVIDUAL)IDENTITY--is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the
course of your life.
Characteristics of personal identity:
1. The emphasis is on the individual.
2. It is created through differences in personal characteristics when
comparing these with others.

SOCIAL IDENTITY --Social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner (1979) theorized that social identity—a
person's sense of whom he/she is based on group membership(s).
Characteristics of social identity:
1. The emphasis is on what the person has in common with the members of his or her group.
2. It is created based on similarities with others.

Factors that affect an adolescent's sexuality:

1. Hormones
2. Personality or temperament
3. Social or environmental factors such as
a. Attitude of parents toward sexuality
b. Parenting style
c. Peer relationship
d. Cultural influences.)
4. Media and the Internet.

TOPIC: MANAGING AND CARING FOR THE SELF

A. LEARNING TO BE A BETTER PERSON
According to Pierre Paul Gagné et al. (2009):
“Metacognition enables students to be more active in their
learning, i.e., to mobilize all of their resources in order to
have successful learning experiences. In order to do this,
they must know how they learn and be aware of the steps
that are followed and the means that are used to acquire
knowledge, solve problems, and perform tasks.” [Unofficial
translation]