常见句型阅读技巧：

一、定语前置

正常语序中的定语应置于被修饰成分之前，而长难句中的定语（或定语从句）常后置，容易造成理解

困难。针对这种情况，只需要将定于成分前置就可以顺畅的理解句子了。

例如：One remarkable beetle introduced by the Australian government was on the edge of being
extinct from the middle of last century, resulting from invasion of some uncertain natural species.

这个句子中 introduced 所引导的过去分词短语（introduced by the Australian government）修饰

beetle，意思为澳大利亚政府引入的。这是很常见的雅思阅读写法，想用中文直翻读懂此句的话只需
把定语前置与 beetle 之前。

句意为：一种由澳大利亚政府引入的甲壳虫在上世纪中期已经接近灭绝，而这是由某种不知名的自然
物种的入侵造成的。

二、同位语删除

同位语一般以两个“，”逗号引出，或两个“—”破折号。同位语也可以是在一个名词后面+逗号+句子。

同位于在句中一般其解释说明的作用，因此去掉同位语后句子的主体结构不会受到影响。因此与到场
的同位语时，可以直接将其删除以便更好地理解句子大意。

例 1：However, the significance of this invention — the stepwell — goes beyond its utilitarian

application.

该句中破折号里的 the stepwell 是印度阶梯井的意思，如果去掉这个部分，The significance of this

invention goes beyond its utilitarian application. 你会发现这一整句话是可以顺下来的。要明白同位语

只作为解释说明，可以想象为一个括号里的内容，并不影响句子的阅读。

译文：然而，印度阶梯井这个发明的最伟大之处已经超越了他的实际应用价值。

例 2：The quest for a practical match really began after 1781 when a group of French chemists
camp up with the Phosphoric Candle or Ethereal Match, a sealed glass tube containing a twist of
paper tipped with phosphorus.
逗号后面的部分是同位语，解释 Phosphoric Candle or Ethereal Match 的。虽然同位语即使被删除也
不会改变句子大意，但是考点细节往往出现在同位语部分！

猜测词义方法论：

1. Be 动词

Everyone faces times when one goal or another has to come first; deciding which goals are the
most important is setting priorities.

句子中 priorities 的意识由 is 前面的信息：which goals are the most important 给出了。所以这里可
以忽略 priorities 真正字面意思，只要理解成“最重要的事”就可以了。

2. Or （或者）

A skyscraper, or building more than twenty stories tall, is built on a foundation of concrete
supported by piles driven into the ground.

句子中 Skyscraper 的意思是由 or 后面的信息给出的，“building more than twenty stories tall” 即是

“20 层以上的楼房”。

3. 同位语

Thermal power stations are designed to pass as much energy as possible from the fuel to the
turbines, machines whose blades are turned by the movement of the steam.

句子中 turbines 的意思由其同位语，即逗号后面的部分给出“machines whose blades are turned by

the movement of the steam”。turbines 指的利用蒸汽，通过转动叶片转动的机器。

4. 形容词性从句、短语

The sun crosses the equator twice a year at the equinoxes, when day and night are nearly equal in
length.

句子中 equinoxes 的意思由 when 引出，就是一个昼夜平分点。

 5. 一组词或表示举例的词 （for example, for instance, like, such as）

If someone is said to have “a chip on his shoulder”, he is angry, pugnacious, sullen, and looking
for trouble.

句中 pugnacious, sullen 可能会比较考验词汇量，不过他们的意思一定与句中 angry 和 looking for

trouble 类似，所以可把这些词都当做 looking for trouble 来看待。

Intangible assets, such as a company’s recognised name and its goodwill, are neither physical nor
financial in nature.

句中 intangible assets 的意思又举例词“such as”引出， 是一个公司的名字或者信誉。

6. 对比关系
例词：（都表转折）

alternatively different instead rather

but however nevertheless unlike

conversely in contrast on the contrary whereas

despite in spite of on the other hand while

Songbirds are early risers and remain active throughout the day, except during the warmest hours
in summer. Owls, on the other hand, are primarily nocturnal.

句子中 nocturnal 的意思是由“active throughout the day” 和“on the other hand”给出的。也就是白天行
动的反义：“夜间行动”。
7. 标点线索

破折号，冒号后，和括号内的文字即是生词的解释。
Crepuscular rays —— alternating bright and dark rays in the sky ——appear to radiate from the
sun.
句中“crepuscular rays”的含义是破折号之间信息给出的——交替出现的明暗光线。

8. 关键词

根据上下文的关键词判断词义。

Accessories add interest to a room. They can accent or highlight an area and give room beauty
and personality.

这句话中，accessories 的含义可由后面 interest, accent, highlight, beauty 和 personality 推测出是

“屋内装饰品”的意思。