- for:

Procedurr::
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF GAS FROM TEMPERATURE LOGS

Gas production rate.s from indjvidual zones within a well

Calculate ".:l. " from the temperature log using the formula:

Natucal earth tem-p,e,atu1e at

6 - Te_ •Tg/(dTg/dO) WHERE : Te_
the le-.,el of int erest
Tg Gas temperature at Je\•el o f
Te _
dTg / dD Slope of temperature cun·e
dTg Change in gas t emperat ure ~
Te_ -Tg
dD lnterval i n feet tne.asured
vertic.l ll)' from the level of
interes t on the- gradient to
the inten,ection with the
tangent

Eotes tne -.,olumeu1c How 1ctt~ dHilC i>ll iCS 01d1tuite with the calcuhned \'&iu,e
of o; proceed horizontally to the intersection with the cu,ved c ontrol line; pro-
ceed ,.,ertically to read ~s production r;3te.

Ex.;.1rnpJe. Given : Assumi ng the temperature Jog shown on the adjacent page.: Te ..,.- 187.8;
T {"183.3; dD- 17
Solution: ,:i; .. t7; gis production... 17 MCFGPO
,\. 187.8 •183.3/ (187 .8- 183.3/ 17)-4 .51.2641- 11

Rema,ks. Thi$ method require s temper.11uce logging under dynamic producing conditions.

T he amount of temperature reduction wi thin a borehole be-cause of gas movement

is dependent upon the total pressure drop incurred as the gas is produced, the
\·ol ume of gas expanding, and the geometry of this pressure drop phenomena re~
l:ned to the bo,ehole .

The rate of gas heating toward forma tion temperatutt' ( in terms of tempe,oture
gr3dient) as it moves up the- borehol e to the surfoce depends on the \'olume of
gas flo v,;·ing. Gas volume flow has been expressed by the abo\'e formula.

Negative temperature anomalies ftom the 11orma l gradient indicate gas e xpansion
a.nd therefore the presence of gas.

ln c ases where only one gas producing zooe is present, gas production may be
readil}' dete rmined by i urface meter. The major applicatjon for the described
system is in estimating How fro m multiple zones . Jn dealing with multiple pays,
one should remember that the gas being produced from lower zones may affect
the gradient opposite shallQ\\' gas-producing inte r...a ls .

T hermal conductivity genecaUy incre ase s with focmation compaction . le is some •

what dependent on the! temperature c>f the c onducting materiaJ, and orientation
of components.
High gradients (1naximwn changes \\' itb depth) in a static a ystem indicate insu·
lators . Low g,adients indicate conductors .

32 Log iotcrprchalion Rcff.'rcnct· Oa ta H1u tdbu-oi.

- 300

200
5 10
VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OF GAS FROM T EMPERATURE LOGS

20

I I
so
GAS PROOUCTION RATE - MCFO

I I I
100

'
200 500
II

'
1,000 2,000

'
6,000
-, 10,000
300

200

I
100 I ! I I I
100
·- ·
'
' ,--
so I I
,.,I, .--
- ' I
I
' so
L\
JO
I I I
30

20
II I"
V I
20
I V
I y - ~
I
1I'. . - I
10
I
,_
.,- ,., - ---i - -, '

'
, i,-..- 10

--- ·- - I
' ' ' I I
I I' I I I 5
10 20 so 100 200 500 1,000 2,000 S,000 10,000
GAS PRODUCTION RATE - MCFD

TEMPERATURE LOG

\
·- ,.
I I \
' : \
\\
'

" ~
I \ --~
I \
I
j
I
,,.,l.. '
.,,;:.~• - ..-1I, .-; , ,.
'q -4- ---1 \I \
_.,
_i,.-- ..~ .../ I-<
I I' \ i
I '
11100
'
'
"'
33 Log l n1,•rprc:1atio11 k.dt'1·..-m:..- Lh,ht fh od bovl..
- F'or:
CAPAC I TY OF HOLE, CASING ANO T UBING

8.am:ls of flu id per 100' of fill-up

f'ec t of fill-up per barrel or fluid

P'roceauie. Enter the c harl on ils absiss;; with the in1,i1de d ~amcler oi the cosrng or t ubrn~
or the hole diameter in the case of open hole: proceed vert ically to the irnecsee-
tion with the c on1rol Hoe: proceed horizonti:tlly to tht.• rigtu to 1e~d txmels pet
100'; proceed hori-zontally co the left to read fee t of (ill-up per ban<:1.

E.xa mple : Gi\·eo: S'' LO. c.~sing

SoJuLjon: C',apo.cilyw2,4.) l>Mr~d$ per 100 ' arid 4 1.15 ' oi fill-u p per barrel ot
fluid

~ emarks: Tubing s u:e describes the approxinwtt' inside d 1;;meter of the tubing. Ct,sirig
s ize describes the casing ouc.side- di;:imeter. T!le follow ing table ma>• be used
t0 determine the ins ide dia1nete1 of vMious c:..s i.ng types for calculating casing
capacity.

;,.,>,SII\G SllE
,1. 112 ..,
W~t(; lff (It, /11 1

ll 6
I () ( 111 .J
•1.09
, .oo
(;ASINC $11.F,
l,,.$8
',111,' EJ(,H T tlb. /ft.)
36 D
40.0
1.0 . ( lll.J
7.1!2
i'.72
13.5 3.92 ·t.l.O 1.61
-1Q.O i'.Sl
; ll.S 4.S,6
tJ.O 4,-19 9,S: li 29.3 906
15.0 -1.41 32 .3 9.00
lS.0 us 36.-0 '"2
iO,O ?I.M
;\. I ll.O S.IM -IJ.S $ 16
' l H'I
15,5
5.01
-1 95
47 0
SJ.>
!t 6!!
8.~
17.0 -1.89
10.0 4 1& ;O,.J ~ JU' 10. 19
23.0 4 67 "O.!> 10.05
,s 5 9.95
• 1s.n
t.!f. 0
5 52
5.4'2
5LO
55.5
9.$S
9.16
lO.O s..35
2J .O 5.2-1 ;.1. J 4 31).(l t i.IS
42.{I ll II,.~
~.~
" n b. H -1,.0 11.00
20.0 6.0S S4.0 t0.88
24. 0 $ ,9 2 60.0 10. 77
28.U S.i"'J
J:2.0 $.66 iJ-3. !l 4!! 0 l'> "">
S'l.5
-·'-
12.62
li'.O 6.~ 6 LO 12.52
'.'().0 1>•.i.6 6i!.O 12.42
23.n 6..l) 12.0 IUI
26.0 6.21!.
29.0
J 2.0
6.JS
b.0 9
•• s.; 0
65.0
l !d!!.
15.25
J5 O 6.00 15 0 1$, 12
JS.O 5.92 S-1.0 15.0l
i' .:, ,$ !Cl.ii U! :..'l' 00.0 IQ. 11
24 0 1.oz 94 0 19.12
:!&.-1 &.91
'.!Y.1 6.88 n SJ:U 2J.22

"'
39.0
6 76
6.62
103.0
114.(1
21.lJ
:!O.OJ

::I·~ If :!' 0 8 .. 2, 100.5 lJ r,

28 .D • .02 113.0 1J 12
32.0 i'.92

kt.( C)N h frt>Ct1CIH1uh,g1.-s I .ltnHl'd

'"" l.,~ l n1er1)r d 1tflf•ll Rtfer~lin D¥ htc 1-hrnd r""'A
:,;.
"'
".
2·

I
~
~
-
s-
CAPACITY OF HOLE., CASING OR TUBING

.-
10
HOl.E DIAMETER - INCHES
16 --
20 .
--
--
30 ,00
I
iz
r. 2 - ,, 0
e -· - v I.., ~
J,
•
2. 3
'"" • I:30
•5 ~
v
e 6
I..,,
l/ '•
....
::,
J
7
8 , I/ :
..
0
9
,o·
' • •
j
-
10
...."'""'
"

L '-
J

.,,_,
.."" 15
20
,
/
- - . - •
•
'
!
,,
"'
-
...,.."
I
26 f -
30
·- • 8
~

:;, •
-- - : m
~
40
J 0
J
50 : ~

7
...
~ ~
60
,.. r
..
~
10.
0
• ~ IJ I:.
";;= .,
.'
~
100
,_ -
'l 150 ._ _ (7 ,_,_ I I I I
- ,_
I -
•g, 200 I . 5
, :z,;o - ·'3
•",••' -
300
400,
- • 600 !• 2

"• 600.

..•:t
100.
:88
1000·
' 0 5 10 ,. ..
20
..
25 --
30
rr
HOLE DIAMETER - INCHEt-
 FLUID VELOCITY VERSUS FLOW RATE

Injec tion or production rotes lll OOttels per day horn mc...asurc·d fluid veloc u;.y
(ft/ min) in vario us d iameter holes, casing, or tu.bing.

Pron-duce. Ence, the c ha rt on its abscissa with fJ u i(I velocity 1n ieet per minuH~: proceed
vertic{ll)y to the intetsection with the vaJue fct e-Hecti\'e diomet('r of the fluid
passageway ~t the point of log measwcml'nt; proceed horizonta lly to the or-
dinate a nd re c1d i luid !low rate i n barrels per day.

£ xamptc : Gi \•en: f luid velocity= 100' / mi n in 3" tubing

Solution: flow rate: 1,250 barrels pee day

Remarks : The a ccompan>•~ng chart was 1.:ons trutted io, fluid l1ow through passag,e...,,ays ,">i
!ht" listed di ameters such as occurs 1,1·, he-n the- fl,ow inside a pipe i s monitored by
following radioac th•it}' tagged internal fluids with a tracer 1001 located outs ide
the pipe . The c:harl does not ta ke in10 c onsidt:"catio11 lhe ,educti on in effective
passage14•ay dia:meter c aused by the presence of a logging tool wi thin the flo,w
s tream inside the casing 01 tubi ng where lbe flow is being measured. (n such
c ases the vol um.e occupied by the tool at the point of me;:1surernent must be sub•
trac1ed from that of the hole with thi s calculated effect ive hole diameter used to
dete rmine fluid tlO'A' rate. The fo llowing table represents a solution of the {Ofm•
Ufa A =n-r2 and may be used as an aid in such c omputations . Simply subtract tlle
area represented by the loggi ng tool from that of the hole and use this effecti-.•e
area to establish the effecti,,e bole dhlmeter for entry into the accompanying
chart. Such correcti ons a,e not required for spi nner surveys because here tool
response has been pre-calibr;:1ted to the \'arious flow di ameterS.

DIAMETER AREA DIAMETER AREA DIAMETER AREA DIAMETER AREA

3/4 ,442 3-1/2 9.621 6-3/ 8 31. 919 9-1/ 4 67.201
7/ 8 .601 3•Si 8 10.321 6-1/ 2 33.183 9-3/ 8 69.029
3-3/ 4 11.045 6-5/ 8 34,472 9-1/2 70.882
I .785
J.1/ 8 .994 3-? /8 11.793 6-3/ 4 35.785 9-5/ 8 72.760
1-1/ 4 1.227 4 12.566 6-7/ 8 37.122 9-3/ 4 74.662
1-3i 8 l.485 4-1/8 13.364 9-7/ 8 76.5$9
7 38.485
1-1/2 1.767 4-1/ 4 14.186 7-1/ 8 39.871 10 78.540
t -5i 8 2.074 4-3:/8 15.033 7-1/ 4 41.283 10-1/ 8 80.51.6
1-11/ 16 2.236 4-1 / 2 15.904 1-318 42.718 10-114 82.516
1-3/ 4 2.405 4-5/ 8 16,800 7-1/ 2 44. 179 10-3/ 8 8 4.541
1-7/ 8 2.761 4.3,; 4 17,721 7-5/ 8 45.664 10-1/2 86.590
4-7/ 8 18,666 1-3/ 4 47.173 10-5/ 8 88.664
2 3.142
7-7/ 8 48. 707 10-3/ 4 90.763
2-1/ 8 3.541 s 19.635
10-7/ 8 92.866
2-1/ 4 3.976 5-1/ 8 20.629 8 50.266
2-3/ 8 4.430 5-114 21. 648 8-1/ 8 51. 849 11 95.03:.~
2-1/ 2 4.909 S-3/8 22.691 8-1/ 4 53.456 11-1/8 97.203
2-5/ 8 5.412 5-1/ 2 23.758 8-3/ 8 55.088 11-1/ 4 99.40,2
2-3/ 4 5.940 5,5/ 8 24.850 8-1/2 56.745 ll-3/ 8 101.623
2-7/ 8 6.492 5-3/ 4 25.967 8-5/ 8 58.426 11-1/2 103.8&9
>718 27.109 8,V4 60.132 11-5/ 8 106. 13'9
3 7.069
3-1/8 7.670 8-7/ 8 61.862 11-3/ 4 108.4:M
6 28.274
3-1/ 4 8.296 9 63.61 7 ll-7/ 8 110.754
6-1/ 8 29.465
3-3/ 8 8.946 6-1/ 4 30.680 9-1/8 65.397 12 113.098
: Con11r>vcd <>f: P;,~ 113 J

J9$
tUft:O N l'tlrnte<-boofoJ!.i~ I .imitt:d L•..g lnteq1rc1i.1io1.1 Rc-r...re m;e Oa t11 H:mtlbuo~
-
FLUID V ELOCITY VERSUS F LOW RATE
FLUID V ELOCITY - FT./MIN.

1,000 •

·,.soo - ,.soo

>
~

·...-.,
0

....
~

0:
I

1,000 1,QQO

!..,
~

0
..,3
~

600 soo

so 100 150 200

FLUID VELOCITY - FT./ MIN .

- For:

Procedure:
SPINNER (FLOWMETER) SURVEY RESPONSE VERSUS FLUIO FLOW

Dete rmination of borehole Huid flow in barrels per d::iy and gallons pe r minute

E-n ter the prop('t s pinner (tool diameter) ch;;i.n on its abscissa with spinner re volu•
tions per minute; proceed vertjcally to the intersection with the correct hole
size.: proceed horizontally to re.id fluid flow in barrels per da)' .

Gi\·en : 1-3/ 4" spinoer tool; 290 s pinner ,e..,o lutions per minute; fluid flowing.
water
Solution: Fluid now ~i ,500 battels per da)'

Remarks. 'fh(• occompan>·ing charts were desi•Ioed for sur~·eys performed with the " ;werag~"
tMI stationo.r)' ,.'lt individutll le•:e ls with in the- -.,,;•ell wher(• Wolter is the iluid under
study.

Surveys performed in higher viscosity than w.-iter fl uids will result in optitnist k
appacent now \'-Olume \'ah1es. Surveys made in lower viscosity fluids wiJI result
in pessimistic apparent now \•olume values ,

Prefonioary flow1neter sur\·eys are geoeraHy made with the tool being withdrawn
from the hole ;at a steady rate ,o permit the selection of the various station
leveJs for obser\•ation of absol ute flow rote as telated to spinner rcvohrtioos
per minute.

A preferred method for the c:alibr~tion of spinner surveys is to (where possiblt')

me::isure flow r;:ite at the surrace and l hen ca.Librate RPWs againsl t>auels per
day imim:-di.ltely belov.' the surface and ab0\ f' any zone of fluid e nt,y.
1

l.vg h.!h:f'"pr~· , lll l\JO Rdcrr.m;,.: 1.)-..t lll l-11.u1(II." """

-
SPI NNER SURVEY RESPONSE VERSUS FLUIO FLOW

1'.\," SPINNER R ,P,M,

400 soo 600 700

5

~ 3 3
« <>
0
0 0
•
"
w
~ ;I>;
0
~

".,-
~ {
w
"')>
a:
«
"",.m
~
~ ~
0 m
0 "
0
~ ►
- 2 2 <

o,'-- - --'-- - - -..,_____ _.____..1...._ _ ___c__ _ _...L.._ __ _ o

0 100 200 JOO 400 500 600 700

1¾" SPINNER R.P.M .

L<iJ! lnfe,rpr('t.adlln Refereote Di1111 tlandl,H"·'"-
20 1
""'r-
-.
~

';

~ .
2 '000 10 20
SPINN ER SURVEY RESPONSE VERSUS FLUID FLOW

30
3½" SPINNER R£iVOt.UTIONS PER M INUH

40 50 60 70 80 90
,~
100
I
[
i-t:
~.
8. 2-000 I I I I I /I / 'f / ;..1 / /I .,.. I 12,0 DO
7 7 77 7 7 _:;, C

► .,,.
i 1,500 1.500 ~

"' "'"'
0
~
..
cc

~
.,r"
m

~
m
"'cca: "0
.." ____.,,.,.,.-· ---·
)>
<

1,000 1,000
_.--·
S'
r.
.----- ----·
=
;;
'd
~'
-----
CASI NG
;
• s,z,e
•"'
:r
500 500

.
7·"'
~

•;; ..
• s··
·~
•..
.
'l0 ~--- -,~-- - --,',--- - ~.cL,- - - ---,'.,~ - - - -,,L,- - - --'oo- ----'10'-----,•Lo-----..,..,.----,,,.,0&
0 10 20 ,u
•• ••
°' 3¼'' SPINNER REVOLU'T IONS PER MtNUTl
 ",.~

i
:;
;:
-
e,

~ 6,000
o 10 ~
SPINNER SURVEY RESPONSE VERSUS FLUID FLOW

JO
4½.. SPINNER REVOLUTIONS PER MINUH.
~ ~ eo ro ~ ~ ~
I
S,000

~
~
;::
s.
a
••
000
I I I I I I I I I 7 / L.. ,.,.,..- J

..
►
0 3,000
3,000
..,,,,,.
~
"w m
..
G..
r
w!:J
w .,"'
.."" "'
0
►
<
r
~
2,000
2,000
•
•
-•'
~

;;
i'
"
"
,.;;''
1,000
1,000
,."=

_
CASING
lt1_7E
Ii

.---
,..
;
!I;
..
•= 7·"
..
l 00
5'"..........

" 10 :ao JO ~ 50 60 70 80 90
0
100
4½" SPINNER AEVO:LUTIONS PEA MINUTE
 CASING 0 .D., WEICHT, ANO WALL THICKNESS RELATIONSHIPS

F.stirn;:iting cas ing wei~ltt from c.ising 0 .{). ;:ind wall rhicknl's!:-

Estirna ting casing waJJ tbtckness from c;:isi11g o.n. and weight

Procedw~. ·ro determine c-osiog wall thi<::k(H.,$5 . enter tl!e ,chsn Otl its ord1n;)C1: "-ltl1 Ct-JS111g
O.f>. in inches; p,oc:eed horizonto.Jly 10 the inte ,sc:.•ct ion with a ve r lica l projected
from casing weip) 11 as re~d from the abs issa; resd c;:asing \\'all thi ckness from
lht.' diagon;:iJ lines.

' l'o dt.· ll·rmin e c.i.si ng 1.1:e ighl. e nter t he c h.art on its Otdi nate wit h c-i1sing O .U. lo
inches; proceed horizontally to t he inte1sectior1 with the p,opcr casing thicknP. SS
diagonal ; proceed vertic nlly to re;)d c asing weight in pounds per foo t.

Gh·en: Ca !:.ing 0 .0.- 5-1/ 2"; c asing wei~ht =l4 pounds per foot
SoJution: C~sin~ wall thicknes s =-.245"

Remtuks : K no.,1.-Jed~e of casing thickness ?S i mpor tant to dete rr11inc gamma 1ay (-lbso .rp11c111
(·aused by c osing, for the- dt•lt!rmi nation of exa ct ca.si11g LD . for the sc-Jt:cl ion
of brid~•,(' plug a nd packer $izes. and to e st~bJish flow rates from fhud flow
profi l e s urve-ys .
- ,o
CASING 0 .0., WEIGHT, WALL THICKNESS RE LA TIONSHI PS

IS 20
CASING WEIGHT - POUNOS/ FOOT

25 30 35 40

I I
I\ f\ 1\ f\
l\ f\ \ f\ f\ [\ f\ I I
I\ ' '

4
[\f\l\' f\ '0 I
'
I
I

4
I
\ ' I\
' \ I\
' I\
\.
I I
I
' ' ' - -· I
'' I\ I
),., I
I\ " s

I
'\
\ \I 1\ 1' ~' ' I I I

I I\! I I
v)" 6
~ I\ I\ \ ',. I I

~
w \
% ' \ I\ \ \
\
'.i I\ I
. \ \ \ \ I\
I
I I , I I\ I ,
. 0.20"' o2S" c,.30•
.
0-15,. OAO'"
. .
~,45•· I o1 }.)0.. CASING WALL THICK.HE$$

r
7
\ I\
\I I
,I
\
\ ;\ }1, \

' I
'' \
\
1\
I
• I

f\
\

\I '\ \
•
I
t'J !,
\
I\
\
I
\
\
'\

9
I \1
\ f\ f\ '\I I\
9
\
I I\ I\

..,. I \ I
I \ \
I'\ ,
I
j ;

\
I\
\j
I\
I\ \ \ "" I 10
•I \ I' \ \ I\
I \
\
\
I\
I\
\
.
• \ \
I\ I\ \
\I\ I\
\ \ I'
10 15 20
' 25 30 JS 40 45

CASE WEIGHT - POUNDS/FOOT

20.S
- Poe:
TOOL ASSEMBLY WEIGHT REQU IRED TO ENTER WELLS AT VARIOUS WELL

Proc-c:ducc :
HEAD PRESSURES

Estimation of tool as sembl)' weight 10 enter pr es sured wells

Ente r t he cho n 011 its ordinal~ with well head press ure; proceed tionzontail )' w
the intetsection with the appropria te ca ble d iamete r; proceed \'e rt ic::a lly to the
absissa and r,ead approxi mate wei ght of U1e tool a$sembly required to enter t he
well.

E>cample: Given: Well head pres s ure-=l,OOOpsi; ca ble dismeter- 15/ 32''
Solution: A,pproxim;;ite 1001 ossetr.bl y weight required to e nter tht '-''t:ll - 193
pounds

Remarks , The chMt is intended as an aid io es timat ing tbe required s inker ba r weight and
lubrica tor si,i e for entry imo pres sured wells .

'f'he term " tooJ assembly" includes the total weight of too1s, s inker be.rs and
c.ab!e be low t he ""-ell contro l head .

Cable c onditio n is an important c ons iderntfo o when detemioing required weighr

Rus ty or kjnked c~bJe will c:.us t> more fr icti on than a c lean, straight line and
will require 1nore we·i ghl to move the assembl~• t hrough a conuol he:.d.

A-s c:ables he-c ome worn. the ir diru,:ctcrs wilJ decrease and the outside s urfacE:
will bec:ome ..i,ore s mooth, caus ing a reduced d.is toct ion of packing rubber into the
voids between cable armor strands . As a result a cable may require Jess sinker
bar weight wit h tltntinued usage, part icuJarJy if it has beco maintai ned in good
condit;on.
-
TOOL ASSEMBLY WEIGHT REQUIRED TO ENTER WELLS
AT VARIOUS WELL HEAD PRESSURES
(ESTIMATED VALUES)
APPROXIMATE WflGHT REQUIRED TO E NTER W~LL - POUNDS

o 100 200 300 400 SCIO

1s ,-----,----,--,----,,-,--- T1- - . - -- r-- - - . - --,-- -...,.,- --, 1s
1

I -
14 1--- ---l--+-+-+- + - -f.+-----l---+--+--+--t'-l- 14

13 r-----+-+--J-+--+-,
I -- ,-- .-I
/<-t---1---~ - f--
I
- ' 13

12 .~----+---.<---lf-- - -;+--+--- ---.- --e- -- ----+--, 12

11 >-- -+-I- / 11

"'ii'!

D 100 200 300 400 500

APPAOXIMA°TE WEIGMT REQUIRED TO ENTER WELL - POUNDS

207
- For:

Pr<Xedute:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT FROM CEMEIH BOND LOGS

Oe te,mination o ·f comptessive strength of cemen I

E nter the chart on t he left half of its abscissa with Ute amplitude curve Vtllue :in
chart di\•is ioos;. proceed vertic-3Uy to the intersection with the diagonal repre•
senting the number of chart di\'isions o bsen•ed opposite "hee" casing; proceed
horizontall)• to the intersection with the appropriate c:asing thickness valu,e;
proceed vertic.aUy to read cement compressive strength.

Example: Given: L-og amplitude v-dlue: 1.25 chan di\'isions; free cas ing signal- 16 div.i•
si ons; casing wall lftic::kness-=0. 44"
Solution: Cement compressive. st,ength=2,1SOpsi

Remarks: Calculated c:ompressivt strength of cement is for Utl' time of logging only. Com•
pressi\e strength of cement will iocre;.se rapidly after the- first few hours hom
ce menting and io maoy cases will not h~H·e rea ched a plateau after 48 hours or
longer. Tests have sho>,1,· n thtlt for shaJJow wel1 conditions the compressi11e
st1eng1h may nearly double within both the second and third eight bour intervals
after cementing. The coiopressi\•e strength ma>' still be increasing rapidly e ven
after 100 bows .

lnc:reai.ed tempe.rature. aod pres i.ure may caust' inc,eased compress ive strength
after a fixed setting time inter\'.l l.

1'he c ement mus t be well bonded to casing before the compressive s trength cr.n
be determined, o therwise a reduction in bonding would appear as an increase ~n
amplitude and a decrease in compressible strength.
'fbe. use. of neutron logging will increase the probability of correct interpretatloo
of cement bond log!'..

T he accoo1panying c hart \o\'aS constructed from data obtained with neat cement
tlfter 48 hours coring time and using a centralized logging tool.

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