➢ What is Chemistry?

- The study of matter and its changes

MANIPULATING NUMERICAL DATA

1.Bar Graph
- Shows how many of something are in each category
2.PIE GRAPH
- Shows how a whole is broken into parts
3.Line Graph
- Shows continuous line

INTRODUCTORY DEFINITIONS
1.MATTER
- Anything having mass and volume
2.MASS
- The amount of matter in an object
3.WEIGHT
- The pull of gravity on an object
4.VOLUME
- The space an object occupies
- UNITS; L, dm3, mL, cm3
5.STATE OF MATTER
- SOLID, LIQUID, and GAS
➢ COMPOSITION: What the matter is made of
COPPER: Many CU ATOMS WATER: Many groups of H’S and 1 O
 ➢ PROPERTIES: Describe the matter
- What it looks like, smells like, its mass, temp…and etc.
- How it behaves

➢ ATOM
- A basic building block of matter
Elements
1.MONOATOMIC
- Elements consist of unbonded “like” atoms
EXAMPLE: Fe, Al, Cu He

2.POLYATOMIC
- Elements consist of several “like” atoms bonded together

❖ DIATOMIC ELEMENTS:

➢ Allotropes
- different forms of the same element in the same state of matter

➢ Atoms, Molecules, Compound

- a compound consists of two or more elements chemically bonded in a
fixed ratio

➢ MOLECULE
 - A neutral group of bonded atoms

➢ Compounds
- Contain two or more different types of atoms
- Have properties that are different from those of their constant elements
- Atoms can be altered by nuclear means
- Molecules can be altered by chemical means

Classifying Matter
1. Pure substances
- Have a fixed composition.
- Have fixed properties (Pure substances have a chemical formula)
A.ELEMENTS

B.COMPOUNDS
2. Mixtures (two or more substances mixed together)
- Have varying composition.
- Have varying properties
- The substances are NOT chemically bonded, and the retain individual
properties

Two types of Mixtures

1.Homogeneous (or solution)

- particles are microplastic; sample has same composition and properties

throughout;

➢ ALLOY: A homogenous mixture of metals

2.HETEROGENOUS
- Different composition and properties in the same sample; unevenly
mixed.

➢ SUSPENSION: Settles over time

➢ MIXTURE
- Is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present

❖ COMPONENTS OF MIXTURE
1.EVAPORATION
- Can be used as a separation method to separate components of mixture
with a dissolved solid and liquid.
2.DECANTATION
- For mixtures of liquid and heavy insoluble solids, is the appropriate
method to use. Sand -water mixtures are carried out by gently pouring
the water out of the container.
3.SUBLIMATION
- Volatile solids may be separated from nonvolatile substances.
4.DISTILLATION
 - Is the separation technique used to separate components of a liquid
mixture by a process of heating and cooling.
5.FILTRATION
- Is the process of separating suspended a solid matter from a liquid
6.CHROMATOGRAPHY
- Is the method used to separate components of different degrees of
solubility using a moving and a stationary liquid.
7.MAGNETISM
- Magnets are normally used to remove magnetic solids from the
nonmagnetic components.

8.CENTRIFUGATION
- Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom(outside)
- Separate blood into serum and plasma.

➢ Serum - (clear)
➢ Plasma - (contains of red blood cells)

❖ The pigments in the ink are carried along by the

liquid, but because they are different compounds,
they get carried upward at different speeds.
COMPARE CONSUMER PRODUCTS ON THE
BASIS OF THEIR COMPONENTS FOR USE,
SAFETY, QUALITY AND COST

1.PRODUCT
- Is a substance produced during a natural, chemical or manufacturing
process for the consumers.

2.LABELING
- Is the main method of communication between manufacturers and the
uses of the product.
3.PRODUCT NAME
- It refers to the discipline of deciding what a product will be called.
4.INGREDIENTS STATEMENT
- It is the mandatory section for packaged goods in most international
standards.
5.DIRECTION FOR USE
- It is the guidance or supervision that the consumers will use for the
product.
6.SIGNAL WORDS
- It is found on the product labels and they describe the acute(short tem)
toxicity of the product.
7.PHYSICAL QUANTITY OF A PRODUCT
- It pertains to the physical property of a product in terms of its physical
attributes.
8.PRODUCT PURPOSE
- It is the description or the main purpose of the product.
9.MANUFACTURER
- It refers to the company that uses raw materials and employee
labor hours to create finished products.