Chapter 23- Review

• ELECTRIC FLUX special case

The net electric flux through a

• GAUSS’ LAW closed surface is equal to the net
charge enclosed by the surface.

• ISOLATED CONDUCTORS IN ELECTROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM

1. The electric field INSIDE the conductor is zero.
2. Any EXCESS charge will reside on the SURFACE of the conductor.
3. The electric field just OUTSIDE the surface is PERPENDICULAR to the
surface and has a magnitude of s/eo.

• CYLINDRICAL SYMMETRY
➢ The electric field outside an infinite line
of uniform linear charge density (l):
2kl
E=
r
• PLANAR SYMMETRY
(23-6) Spherical Symmetry
• Consider a spherical object of radius R and
charge q that is uniformly distributed.

• The object can be a solid sphere or a

spherical shell.

• Charge is distributed over the surface if we

have a spherical shell or a solid conducting
sphere.

• Charge is distributed throughout the volume

if we have a solid insulating sphere.
 Gaussian Gaussian
Surface Surface

r
r
R R

Spherical Spherical
Object Object
 Solid Conducting Sphere Solid Insulating Sphere
In both cases, the maximum electric field is at the surface.
 Problem 29 – Book
• A solid sphere of radius a = 2.00 cm is concentric with a
spherical conducting shell of inner radius b = 4.00 cm and
outer radius c = 4.80 cm.
• The sphere has a net uniform charge q1 = +2.00 fC; the shell
has a net charge q2 = – 2.00 fC.
• What is the magnitude of the electric field at:
a) r = 0
b) r = a/2
c) r=a
d) r = 1.5 a
e) r = 2.3 a
f) r = 3.5 a
• What are the net charges on the
inner & outer surfaces of the shell?
Back to Planar Symmetry
 Planar Symmetry – Review
1. Non – Conducting Sheet 2. Conducting Sheet

+ + +
+ s1 s1
+ + +
Q + Q
+ + +
+
s

s s1
E= E=
2e o eo

In both cases, the electric field is uniform.

+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
 Combinations of Two Sheets
1. Two Similar Non-Conducting Sheets with the same magnitude of s
σ
E=
+ + 2εo + +
+ + + +
+ + σ + +
E=
+ + 2εo + +
+ + + +
zero s
+ + E= + +
eo
 Combinations of Two Sheets
2. Two Opposite Non-Conducting Sheets with the same magnitude of s

σ
+ – E= + –
– 2εo –
+ +
+ – σ + –
– E= –
+ 2εo +
+ – + –
+ – + –
s
E=
eo
 Sample Problem 23.07
The figure shows portions of
two large, parallel non-
conducting sheets, each
with a fixed uniform charge
on it. The magnitudes of the
surface charge densities are:
s+ = 6.8 mC/m2 for the
positively charged sheet and
s- = 4.3 mC/m2 for the
negatively charged sheet.
Find the electric field to the right
of the sheets, to the left of the
sheets and between the
sheets.
6.8 4.3
 E2
E1

–
E3

+
+