Next Genezolicn IP

-2 M
SBate 4 advantaqes of Tpvs

J. Tmproved headee for ma

larqet oddregs Space
3. Prodide encryption oF claka
4 Auto. Configura ion
S. Provi de more Secuzty
More efficient euing
SimpiEied nekork ConCiguzaHen
81 Suppor-s teal -tme dala processinq

Sta te 4the need of Tpv6

Ans: The pv4 has the biggest proble
problem hat is depleion of address
Spa ce.
Ipvs is next qen etation Tp, chi th has a lage
addregs space.
usinq cohich the intenet wll be able to qrow to milons ofF
imes its Curent Size io tezms of the numbee OF people deiteg
and Object! Co nnecled to it.
That is t prbuides more addresses to accorm'bdate a1 Out devites
. It ensueg q Umocth Jecuee. tnlea net
and technclogies
fituee expeeiene.

. Glale imporkance. oF Tpvs ofe Tply

Ans Tpls is im portont ovee TpVy due to 4e laz qee addres

Spare Simpl: Cied addreg Conjquzotion. enhanted Gerueithy

featues mutHcal b ecpidentu, opHmized network rouing
ability to suppert gruing o. E (ennecled delites.
$ reachabhity
bng- teem Soluien
Tpvc is a long cffeeinggtobal
line NAT, e.
cotheu need of (omple coorKaru nd tige
 StaBe hy Ipvi it calted o tereechiernies frutol
Ans (eeeclineis rokoro) betause it dor
Tpvg s catted a (onneiontets
eskehlich a fe sictent onnedie, bekoeey dte (erdet
ord
teceive. foch patkek of dola is Areaked todeper clu il4
doke ditfeent oht o a reach i det4inniien
Can
hS dlouws fot more. lexibily etfiient4 in dronrmisinq,
dala ove 4he fntenet
As Conneckion less prokocol onrks, he Sone wey it

Describe feotubes OF Jpve

oddreeet
-Ans ) (azqe Addres Space Tple uses l29 b:E
ohich means 296 Aimes bigq et. han Tpig
qruoinq no. cf devices Connete
his aCtompmodates 4he gooing
Ao the inteenet.
2y Erhonted Seruity T lncludes bu! in Suppert for p
Setui tey3 improved Secuty for Comnn ovee' he tnkenet
3) Tnpsed pe fermonce : Tt reduces nlw Cenqesticn ond en honteg
pe Forman (e by using mere erlicient Tbuin
mechonism
oddreiting Tpv6 Suppor S bch State ful
Staleless auto Cenfiqzaien mede of it host
devices
s Snplitied heode TpvG heode has beeo Simpied by
to he
eoyinq all uncessary infotmatien f Optiens te
pNe heod
end cf Jpic heodéee using he (oncept
heode
 - 4 Mark

Drao and Eplain IpG protocol format

-AnS:
InvG is Next qenetalicn P
Tn Tpve bose heode of 40 byte. (an be upto 6sr3
byles. (Caxe)

Packet fotmo of Tpvs

VER low label 24
Base Next heacde Hop limit
heode Douload lengh 2 bit
Soue ce Address
Destinolion Addres 121
payloo Ex ension heode
Dato potket from uppee layee
-Ctqwe Shouws Tpv6 proto tol format DifPesen t Gelds in IpvG
-trque re

) VER (Veesion ) - T} is
This ield is used to deine Neesion of Ip Protoco|.
for Tpv6 its Value 0110

PeT (Drinity)- T is 4 bit Freld This field dene the

priorky
duing traffic
clath pocket. Priorituy ic Important
(ongqestn
3. Clouw label: 24 bit fiela. I iS used to hande
direc tion ot f (o) of data
4 Paulood lengin l6 bt fhetd.
Tnditale total lengih of Tp dakaqrom coheut
base heodet Tt Sheos ntq lengih cf pautoad fpazt
pautoad is mode Up oF 2 pazigi- i Exien sibn headee
)Uppez layet da ka
5- Nex heade 8 bit field
4is an exAra heade whch aloays fo ou
bose headee.
6.
Hop limit - 8 bit Tietd
a pocket con dake befere
benq discas ded
1. So (e 4ddresS 2g bit feld
(ontoin 4he Tp\6 addreg of Souyce /Sendee.

8. DesLinaion Addres 128 bit ield

Contain S he Tpvs oddres f
destinaion
which iS used to deliVe he dasa
potket
3 Extensicn heodeg - rtenson heode is he mechonism in duced
Tpis which Conlains the additional options. ixe.
opHon s field Tpvy
 Dfezene beloeen Jpy ond Jpe.

Jpva Tpe
J. Tt is 12g bi

2. 2 represents about 4 biRon 2. o28 represent-5 ebout

possible qddress. 3.4 X 0 38
Possible addrerSes

3. TpJu has Checksum in 3. Tpue do hot have checKSum

heade in headee

4.
Tpua headez length Can be 4. Tpe has Cned heade lengh
20 to 60 bye Of
bytel.
S. imited addresseg S. Lorqe address Spoce

G. No packet flouo idenccation 6. patket floud identCicaHon is

ovoilable.
7. Tps4 hos onty stateful 7. Tpls has bolh toteful f
auto (onfiquzato Skateless address auto-onig
waton
|8. Soure 4 destinaieo oddre!s & Souzce and destnaton address
is 32 bit (ubyte) is 128 bit (16 byle)

9 Tpl4yinclude Opkons. 3. All Oplienal dala is mofed to

heade Tps entension headee

D. TA must be Confiquzed Jo Tt do not tequired manual

manualls or by using DHCP Coniquzation or DHCP.
 Explain dirfeent melhod or Tronglalion Jply to Tpl.
plain pocess of rgnshon from Tply to Ipvc or q nlw, -CM.
Ans:
AS we Knouo, Tply is running fack of addresses. so, it is
necessaty to Soitch from pvy to TpVs But, theze are buge
ho. 0 useS Yntex Net So, tran sit'on from Tpvy to
Tpve is not pssib le Suddenls or mmedialel4
A Oll take Some time to SoHch a) Tply uses into JpNs
Us ees.

Thee ore 33 Jtrqtegies or melhods to soiich fam Tply to Tpk

1 Dual Stack
2) Tunneling
3) Heade Trans 1aon.

Dual StaCk

rans port 4 Applicahon (oye

Undeying (ANJ AAN 4echnoleq4

Tpuy sys kem To from Tk Jutkm
Satk
In this melhod ahost uses or runs on Jpvy Jpk Simuton eously
When a Socuce Send in for maton it Can use eithee Tpy or Tpv6
for this a queey messoqe is Sent to Step DNS to declde which vesien
 Of Tp to be used as pee DNS reply mersage
wl Send pocket
Then aa Soore hest Souce wil use Jplc to Send dalo packetf or
TF DNS reply Tp6 Tpy to Send doto
dola peckef.
dowce oil use
TT DNS reply Jpy tthen

Tunneling
Tpuy headet
TpNs heode
Paylbod
TpU6 heade
Tpvsheode Tunnel
padlood

Tpls region Ipv6 hoS8

TpvG host A

Tknreing
Jused in fellowinq ditu alion -
Tunnelg is to Send and receive dalg
Compukas ore usinq Tpus
- When two
But, Jhis pocket must 4rove
them
packets in between 4he des tinaion
egion to reach
hough Tpdy Send Tpve packet loth addre! of hott 8
host A lwill
Tnttolly host 8 working on TpE
Heze, be h host A entapsulahed
regches Tpl reqon it is
hen the Tpus pocket Tpudy headee it Cross the Tpy reqion
in Tpvy heodee With de(apsula ed i.e.
end of Tpv reqicnpac7etis
4t he removed4
removed Hhen Sent to host G as Tp6
Tply heade is
poc7et
a) Heode Trontlalicn:

TNG heade DVC heade Tpsy heudez

hostAA |Payload
Jpvé hett paytoad Payload

TpvG region
Heoder ronslalion
done heee

+ Iig Heodeg ronsl olion

OP he Systems ore Chonged fom Tpve to Tple, but
Majnity
hese are SH|l few System ohich ave
is used
In Suh Casel , Ahese technique poCket to hest &
8.
Tn this technique host 4
this i Sendiog daka
on Ahe Tplsog host B is toorking on Tpla
Host Ais oorging host A & hortRheade
-To eslalyish the (ommunic aion bctoeen
pocket is tranlated into Tpy pocket & Send to
A Tpvs
host &.
-Note 4hat headex is tronslaled & poylo ad remaing ame -
 reloted to Jpe
Jlate Sianificonte oF foluoing
Ajto Contigueation
.Qenumbcaing
ConfiqueotBon
AuteConfiquzaion in Jple is Signi ftrant
because. it allows devices to automalically assiqg +hemSel/e
Ip oddresseg oitheu t the need for manua) (onfiquza Hon
or he ue OF DHcp.
This makes it easie to Connect det'ces to a netd orK
and reducet 4he adminitoive butden

Rerumbeing'
Ahe
Tt is Siqnificant becouse it SimpliCies
process 0f changing p oddregses for de'te
IWi Tpls, delices (on be easils renumbeed wthout
disaupinq netoorts (onneckiJity
This is pazieulazly useful when deices need to be
moved behdeen iefezent neloorks.
 Tpvc Llhen
Exploin ihe addretting Stheme in py f proto (ol have to
Tpvc pntoCol iS intoduted, doed he AeP
be Chrged ? Evglain in de lails
is den:ed
ldenified with an
Eoch Computee (nnecled to ioeanet ig
Unique address.
Tp aàdrets
Jp addrelS is tnique unidetolly r qobally.
Tpve is 32 bit protocol fo, 4ol no. 6t addrestet
232 More Hhan u billion pddrestet
(4,294 ,967 ,296)
Jpla Addregsing
(onside an Tpv Addref- 11. I73. 7S. 213

Notaton: JoJ1 0J6! JolO Jho1 OJ00 J011 Jloj O10l

Sinay
Hexodecimal NNolaHon: Ig 1. 73. 75. 2)3

Do4ted deimal Eolaton: B5 AD D5

Tpvs is a next qeneealion Tp.

Aprovide hiqh peeforman te f laqe oddress Spoce (2g bi)
Tpvs is 12 bi- pdeto co l do total no. of addresres

Addres Spare Notaion.

1. Dotted decimal NotaHon s'- Tpvs is 12 bit, iC coe used

doted decmal nodaHon for Ipv6 Ahen it otl produce
I6 Bcte t becouse 8 bit xC 0cted 129 bit.
 Ex., 190,127. 220.\50 so s.192,19t 199

2. (oton hexodectml Representolion

J hex be
(ombne hex digit hen
(we w| Deed 8 qecups of 2 bytes
Ex
2398: AB3A: D32: 5A: 1Cg2 : A0AB: 32 DT: 1043

3. Mixed Representaton :
Tis Combinakon of dotted decimal 4
(olon hetadecimaf .
Riqht Side 32 bit TpUyy & Temaininq 96 bits colon heta
(doted decima) dedmal.

E., 24A0957:28CL agAc 928C403A.191.24. 65.04

. CIDR
In this eliminaed from
Oriqin a) Tp adreu CIDR adclress is qenet ated

I7AC : 0:0:0:0: A891 :0: PAB2

CIDR- |7AC:: A891: 0: PA2 .
ARe
When TpNG Protocol is inrduted,Tplc hast do e} Deed to
And out he touees usinq roulinq protocol
Tply uses ARP 4 TMp to find a oule (addreys )
But JpvG outee ute! adve Hsement to Cory ling-local -
addres.
So, Tple do not need addilional pacKet
exchonge t
 olhet
find utees 1oK local Protocol (ND) which ato
Tpvc iseg Dsteveey
Nelgh bout between Jpvc oddrey
he hcst to 'map
address.
So, Tpu6 do not need ARP Conceptualig

No Olh the inttoucton of Jpvs ARp proto co doe not

Proto col iS
have to be chanq ed, becau se the ARp
reploced by CA nes Protocol Called 4he Neighbo ue Dis Cro vee
Protocol (NDP)'
NDP pe forms Simila fyniord to ARP but, t is Speciallf
desiqned for TpuC nekoorK T helps in mapping Tpve
addresSes to Datalink laye ddreASes, TuS ke ARp does
For Tpdg