Natural

Disasters
SST
Multiple
Assessment

Made By :- Yajat Patoliya

Class :- 9th Blue
 Case-Based Study
(Earthquake)
▪ The 2001 Gujarat earthquake, also known as the Bhuj
earthquake, occurred on 26 January at 08:46 am IST.
The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village
of Chobari in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch (Kachchh) District
of Gujarat, India.
▪ The earthquake killed 13,805 to 20,023 people (including 18 in
southeastern Pakistan), injured another 167,000 and destroyed
nearly 340,000 buildings.
UTC 2001-01-26 03:16:40
Local date 26 January 2001
Local time 08:46 am IST
Duration 90 seconds
Magnitude 7.6 Mw
Depth 17.4 kilometers (10.8 mi)
Areas affected India, Pakistan
Max. intensity (Extreme)
Casualties 13,805–20,023 dead
~ 166,800 injured
▪ Considerable damage also occurred in Bhachau and Anjar with
hundreds of villages flattened in Taluka of Anjar, Bhuj and Bhachau
. Over one million structures were damaged or destroyed,
including many historic buildings and tourist attractions .Total
property damage was estimated at $7.5 billion. In Kutch, the
earthquake destroyed about 60% of food and water supplies and
around 258,000 houses, 90% of the district's housing stock.
• Four months after the earthquake the Gujarat
government announced the Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction
and Rehabilitation Policy. The policy proposed a different approach
to urban and rural construction with the estimated cost of
rebuilding to be US$1.77 billion.
• The main objectives of the policy included repairing, building, and
strengthening houses and public buildings. Other objectives
included the revival of the economy, health support, and
reconstruction of the community and social infrastructure.
▪ Smritivan, a memorial park and museum dedicated to victims of
the earthquake was built on top of Bhujia Hill in Bhuj, Kutch and
opened in 2022. Spread over an area of 470 acre, it has more than
13,805 trees, each dedicated to a victim, planted in the garden
and 108 small water reservoirs created on the hill.
 Know More About
Earthquakes
The effects of earthquakes include, but are not limited to, the following:
➢ Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by
earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to
buildings and other rigid structures.
➢ Human impacts
➢ Earthquakes can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major
geological hazard. Landslide danger may persist while emergency
personnel is attempting rescue work.
➢ Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines.
In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may
also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started.
➢ Tsunamis are long-wavelength, long-period sea waves produced by the
sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water—including
when an earthquake occurs at sea.
➢ Floods may be secondary effects of earthquakes if dams are damaged.
Earthquakes may cause landslips to dam rivers, which collapse and
cause floods.

Preventive Measures :-
➢ Cover yourself with pillows and blankets if you would be unable to
relocate from your bed or chair to safeguard yourself from falling
debris.
• If you’re outside, find a spot that’s free of trees, telegraph poles, and
buildings and stay there.
• If there are any injuries, begin first aid and/or seek medical attention
right once.
• Then be ready to defend your home by checking for damage to
electrical wires, appliances, chimneys, and utilities. Check to see if the
wastewater lines are in good functioning order.
• If you need to evacuate, use stairs, not elevators. Go to a safe area.
• Stay calm and, if necessary, help calm the people who are with you.
• If you are trapped, try to strike a metal object to make noise.
 Know More about Floods
The effects of floods include the following:
• Floods can also be a huge destructive power. When water flows, it has
the ability to demolish all kinds of buildings and objects, such as
bridges, structures, houses, trees, and cars. Economical, social and
natural environmental damages are common factors.
• The primary effects of flooding include loss of life and damage to
buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems,
roadways, and canals. The economic impacts caused by flooding can be
severe.
• Flood waters typically inundate farm land, making the land unworkable
and preventing crops from being planted or harvested.
• Communicable diseases are increased due
to many pathogens and bacteria that are being transported
by the water.There are many waterborne
diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E and diarrheal
diseases.
• Floods also frequently damage power
transmission and sometimes power generation, which then has knock-
on effects caused by the loss of power. This includes loss of
drinking water treatment and water supply, which may result in loss of
drinking water or severe water contamination. It may also cause the
loss of sewage disposal facilities.
• Damage to roads and transport infrastructure may make it difficult
to mobilize aid to those affected or to provide emergency
health treatment.

To prepare for a flood, you should:

• Avoid building in flood prone areas unless you elevate and
reinforce your home.
• Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if
susceptible to flooding.
• nstall "Check Valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater
from backing up into the drains of your home.
• Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing
compounds to avoid seepage.
• Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving
water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk
where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the
firmness of the ground in front of you.
• Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around
your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you
can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept
away.