Physical

Science
AT THE END OF THE SESSION, THE LEARNERS
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Describe how energy is harnessed from
different sources:
A. Fossil fuels
B. Biogas
C. Geothermal
D. Hydrothermal
E. Batteries
F. Solar cells
I. Non renewable energy
(Also called a finite resource) is a natural
resource that cannot be readily replaced by
natural means at a quick enough pace to
keep up with consumption.

Examples:
Fossil fuels
Nuclear
Electrochemical
I. Non renewable energy
Fossil fuels
Include hydrocarbons such as coal, oil and
natural gas that comes from organic remains of
prehistoric organisms. Coal is the world’s most
abundant fossil fuel. It is relatively inexpensive
and is readily.

In the Philippines, around 69% of our electricity

is derived from fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas,
biomass).
I. Non renewable energy
Fossil fuels
75% of our energy is generated by combustion of
fossil fuels. Power plants burn fossil fuels and
heat generated during this process is used to turn
water into steam and this turns the turbines.

Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide

which is harmful to our environment in huge
amounts.
I. Non renewable energy
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is non-renewable because the
energy nuclear power produces cannot
constantly be replenished. An energy source
must have resources that can be replenished to
be considered renewable.

Nuclear energy is created by mining and

extracting uranium. This process is dangerous
and causes serious health problems for the
miners, including lung cancer and uranium
poisoning.
I. Non renewable energy
Electrochemical
Batteries give electricity via electrochemical
reaction.

Batteries have low intensity but they are

commonly used since they are portable and
efficient.

Two main types of battery:

1.Primary or disposable battery
2.Secondary or rechargeable.
II. Renewable energy
A renewable energy source is any natural
resources that can be replaced at the same
rate on which the resource is used.

Examples:
1.Geothermal
2.Hydroelectric
3.Wind power
4.Solar Cells
5.Biomass
II. Renewable energy
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal power utilizes the heat energy
from the earth’s crust. The heat energy heats
up rocks which, in turn, heats up nearby ground
water. In some cases, the groundwater
becomes so hot that it turns into groundwater
steam. This steam is tapped to drive turbines
that generate electricity.

Geothermal energy is less of an environmental

hazard compared to fossil fuels through it still
has some emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous Around 38% of electricity in Visayas is
produced from geothermal power.
oxide , and sulfur dioxide.
II. Renewable energy
Hydroelectric Energy
45% of electricity in Mindanao is hydroelectric.
Hydroelectric utilizes moving water to turn
turbines.

Dams are installed in strategic positions where

there is a substantial drop in elevation.

One of the environmental concerns related to

hydroelectric power is displacement of marine
species.
II. Renewable energy
Wind power
The wind is a clean, free, and readily available
renewable energy source.

Wind has been used in centuries to move ships

and pump water. Wind turbines are installed in
strategic location to harness the mechanical
energy from the wind
II. Renewable energy
Solar cells
Solar panels are composed of photovoltaic cells.
Each sheet is doped so that they can acquire a
charge. When light shines on the panel,
electrons are made to jump out of the free atom ,
thereby creating electricity.

Solar energy is abundant, requires low

maintenance , and it environmental friendly.

Some disadvantages of solar energy are that

expensive, requires rare metals and requires a
good amount of space.
II. Renewable energy
Biomass
Refers to organic matter from plants and
animals (microorganisms).

Wastes such as crop remains, manure and

garbage are good source of biomass.
Wood is also a biomass.

Biomass is used to create methane and alcohol.

Renewable source of energy
Advantages
Combat climate change because it creates no direct gas
emissions.

Can decrease pollution and reduce threats to our health.

Reliable source of power.

Facilitate cost very little to operate and fuel is often free.

Renewable source of energy
Disadvantages
Difficult to generate power on the same large scale as fossil
fuels.

Building wind farms and dams can destruct wildlife and

migration patterns.

Both solar and wind energy are intermittent.

Are still subject to unpredictable forces of nature.

 Reasons why there is a need to shift
into renewable energy
Formed by natural processes, could take millions of years to form.

All currently known viable reserves are being depleted much

faster than new ones are being made.

Can bring harmful and disastrous effects to the environment.

Offer environment- friendly alternative to the greenhouse gas

emissions and pollution of fossil fuels.