Detailed measurements of the Teletubbies Park situation of the 1

Indonesian University of Education 2

Cikal Attoriq Putra Maulana 1, M. Zaki Aidil Arraffi 2, Syifa Nurul Jannah3, Teguh Muhamad Fadilah4, Vani 3
Maharani4, and Zaldi Ramadhan Danualdi Mulyadi5 4

1 syifaneje@upi.edu 5
2 vanimaharani043@upi.edu 6
3 zaldiramadhan@upi.edu 7
4 teguhmf.20@upi.edu 8
5 emzkdlrffi@upi.edu 9
6 Attoriqcikal22@upi.edu 10

Abstract: The various types of maps contain detailed maps of the situation, a detailed maps of the situation is a large-scale 11
topographic map drawn on a flat surface using a specific projection and scale system to represent the earth's surface image, including 12
natural and artificial objects. A detailed map of the situation can be obtained by means of terestis. In the detailed mapping of the 13
situation step and process of measuring the detail of the situation until the realization of a detailed map of the situation is made from 14
the preparation of the tools, the tooling, the preliminary survey, the field orientation, the basic mapping framework measurement to 15
the azimuth, the horizontal control frame, and the vertical control frame, the measuring of the situation, to the creation of a situation 16
detail map. The measuring of the detail situation by using ets is particularly fitting for the measurement of the detail situation because 17
the error on this device is very small. From the calculations, it is known that the distance of the measurement gone is 263.8 meters by 18
a height correction. Negative values have the meaning of one point to the following point is declining. Positive value means from 19
one point to another is up or up. Hence, it is also obtained at high point or elevation of each dot on a polygraph. The difference 20
between summation and Angle requirements is 0°0´6.012´´.So, by calculating the Angle cover correction by dividing the cover error 21
by 9 points equitably, the result is 0°0´0.668´´. The measuring methods used by the ets are based on tacymetry methods that are one 22
of the most widely used methods to map the situation in detail. Tachymetric measurements allow you to measure not only the detail 23
of the situation but also the altitude. 24

Keywords: measurement; terrestrial; detail situation; tachymetric; 25

1. Introduction 26
A map is a picture of the earth's surface being sterilized onto a level area of some scale. The various types of maps 27
contain detailed maps of the situation, a detailed maps of the situation is a large-scale topographic map drawn on a flat 28
surface (paper) using a specific projection and scale system to represent the earth's surface image, including natural and 29
artificial objects. A detailed map of the situation can be obtained by means of terestis. 30
A terrestrial survey is an activity of measurement on the earth's surface where observers come in contact with 31
mapped objects using such tools as, electronic total station, stative, prism, measure, meter, flatness, and so on. Objects 32
targeted include natural physical objects as well as those produced by human intervention. Basically, assessments of 33
the survey were conducted to get information about the position of an object on the earth's surface. Terestris method of 34
measurement involves gathering data of orientation, angles, distances, and altitude that are obtained directly from the 35
field. Terestris surveys provide topographical information that is more accurate than any other survey/map. Land 36
surveys are very effective for mapping small areas. 37
In the detailed mapping of the situation step and process of measuring the detail of the situation until the 38
realization of a detailed map of the situation is made from the preparation of the tools, the tooling, the preliminary 39
survey, the field orientation, the basic mapping framework measurement to the azimuth, the horizontal control frame, 40
and the vertical control frame, the measuring of the situation, to the creation of a situation detail map. A horizontal 41
control framework measurement is measured using a closed polyon method, whereas a vertical control framework 42
measurement is measured using a flat, circular measurement. 43
A horizontal base framework is the technique and method of measuring the map consisting of measuring points 44
on the earth and the obtained measurable data must have reference or reference to a point of coordinate value. 45
A vertical base framework consists of a series of dots. The vertical position is known or determined by its altitude 46
relative to the prescribed altitude data. The field of elevation of this reference is locally defined mean sea level (MSL) or 47

Geomatics 2023, 3, Firstpage–Lastpage. https://doi.org/10.3390/xxxxx www.mdpi.com/journal/geomatics

Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 2

elevation. A vertical base skeletal point is usually screwed to the horizontal bottom of a column. The presence of a 48
vertical outline network was initiated by the Dutch by specialising MSL at some points and carefully measuring altitude. 49
Big began integrating the national elevation system in the 1970's by measuring accurately the areas that pass through 50
existing skeletons and creating new ones ata certain density. This vertical frame point network is also known as a high 51
point geodesic (about). So far, measuring altitude differences is the most accurate method. 52

2. Materials and Methods 53

The method we use is the tachymetri method because the tachymetry method is relatively fast and easy. Detailed 54
measuring points by the tachymetry method was done after measuring the base of the vertical and the horizontal base 55
measurement. The method used in measuring the base of a vertical frame is the method of flat sloping. The method of 56
flat sloping is a measuring technique to determine the high difference between the dots by using a flat weader. The tools 57
needed and used are a waterpass, measuring beacon, statives, and tacks for stakes. The method used in horizontal basic 58
skeletal measurements is a finely bound polygon method. Polygon is said to be perfectly bound because of its great 59
known angles of beginning and end angles, there are abscis and ordinates of starting or end points, and it knows the 60
early coordinates and the late coordinates. The tools needed and used are a Electronic Total Station, 2 prism, 3 statives, 61
and tacks for stakes. Detailed measurements of the situation using electronic devices were first put onto known grids 62
of coordinates and altitude based on a vertical base framework measurement. These pins represent measuring points. 63
Data obtained at the place where the tools stand includes the azimuth magnetized, the vertical corner of the inclinic 64
(oblique) and the height of the instrument. 65
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2. 1 Teletubbies park the area for surveying 80

81
3. Results and Discussion 82
3.1. The results of a vertical base frame measurement 83
The vertical base of the frame of measurement is the measurement of the height or elevation (z) of a place. This 84
measure was done between two points by measuring double stand and going home. The instruments used were the 85
level and the measuring signal. If the range between the instrument and the measuring signal is too far away the slag 86
is to be used in an unusual number. These are done by means of a waterpass device measuring measuring signs and 87
reading the top thread, middle thread and bottom thread. The measurement is good when the sum of the upper and 88
lower threads is divided in two. Tolerance of mismeasurement is a 2 mm. difference in size of go and go home should 89
not go beyond tolerance figures that have been established as for the measuring of a basic vertical framework as fol- 90
lows. 91
1. Aim for the measuring beacon using a level pass. 92
2. Take the first position measurement. 93
3. Record the readouts of upper string, lower string, and middle thread for back and face. 94
4. Make sure the central thread reading is no more or less than 2 millimeters by using. 95
5. Take a second position measurement. Repeat steps 3 and 4. 96
After taking measurements, data processing is performed with flat measurements and following the formula. 97
a. Optical distance from the observer to the signpost 98
Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 3

99
(𝐵𝐴 − 𝐵𝐵) 𝑋 100 100
BB = Lower string 101
BA = Lower thread 102
103
b. Different sizes high (BT) 104
105
BT = (BT) Back – (BT) Fore 106
BT = Middle thread 107
108
When there is a slag between points, add up all the slag to a total distance and a high differential. High different 109
points should qualify high different equals zero if on a closed polygon. 110
c. Correct high differential rates 111
Kbt = ∑ Different Height × (−1) 112
113
d. Correct every dot 114
Distance 115

Kz= Correct high differential rates X 116

Range amount 117
e. High point 118
119
Ti = High point previous + BT + Kz 120
121
High-point calculations are done in a chain with the final grade having the same value as the initial value because 122
the measuring area is a closed polygraph. Here are the results of a vertical basic framework measurement. 123
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3. 1 The Measurement Go 3. 2 The Measurement Double Stand
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146
From the calculations, it is known that the distance of the measurement gone is 263.8 meters by a height correction. 147
Then, it is known on the number of intervals the double stand is 290.7. Because the result is high and corrected by 0. 148
Proceed to high point calculations. Negative values have the meaning of one point to the following point is declining. 149
Positive value means from one point to another is up or up. Hence, it is also obtained at high point or elevation (z) of 150
each dot on a polygraph. 151
152
Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 4

3.2. The results of a horizontal base framework 153

After surveying the basic horizontal framework with electronically Total station and two reflectors, have 154
taken an Angle measurement of nine closed polygon points As follows: 155
156

157
3. 3 The result of the measuring of nine polygon points 158

A horizontal base frame measurement is done opposite to the direction of a clock to obtain a horizontal or inner 159
Angle from each Angle on a polygon. The horizontal Angle resulted from a range of sight (fore sight) was reduced to 160
backsight. It should be noted for its toleration of an error of these angles, ranging from an ordinary and extraordinary 161
observational error that can be no more than two seconds of Angle results on the horizontal and distance Angle, taken 162
by a closed count of bow-ditch polygons. Bowdicth's method was a method for obtaining precision. 163
164
Polygons measure by measuring the angles, terms, abscents, and ordinates, and correcting the wrong angles, 165
abscents, and ordinates. As for the bowditch method of closed polygons calculations. 166
1. Add up the horizontal Angle of the result of the measurement. 167
2. Calculate the Angle requirements, Angle cover mistakes, and Angle correction with Next rule. 168
a. Angle requirement 169
∑ 𝑺 = (𝒏 − 𝟐) × 𝟏𝟖𝟎 170
N = number of dots on a polygraph 171
172
b. Angle cover error 173
𝒇𝒔 = ∑ 𝖰 − (𝒏 − 𝟐) × 𝟏𝟖0 174
Fs = Angle cover mistake 175
𝛽 = Inner Angel 176
N = number of dots on a polygraph 177
178
c. Angel correction 179
−𝒇s 180
𝑲𝑺 = 181
n 182
183
Ks = Angle correction 184
Fs = Angle cover mistake 185
N = number of dots on a polygraph 186
187
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Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 5

190
3. To calculate an Angle of early azimuth that his koo has known. 191
192
(XB – XA) 193

αAB = arc tan 194

(XB – XA) 195

αAB = Corner of Azimuth AB 196

197
Then, using the corrected horizontal Angle of the azimuth fund, calculate all of azimuth's angles on the polygons. 198
199
α (side) = α (Previous side) + Q + (Corroected) - 180° 200
201
This formula was adapted to the shape of a measuring area polygraph and was done serial. 202
a. Abscess requirements. 203
∑ d × sin 𝑎 = X finish – X start 204
d = Polygon range 205
α = Corner of Azimuth 206
207
b. Abscess correction 208
Kx = X finish − X start − ∑ d × sin 𝑎 209
210
𝒅 𝒂𝟏 211
fx = x Kx 212
∑d 213
Kx = Abscess requirements 214
Fx = Abscess qualification 215
d = Polygon range 216
α = Corner of Azimuth 217
218
c. Ordinates 219
∑ 𝒅 × 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑎 = Y finish – Y start 220
d = Polygon range 221
α = Corner of Azimuth 222
223
d. Corrective ordinates 224
e. Ky = Y finish − Y start − ∑ d × cos 𝑎 225
226
𝒅 𝒂𝟏 227
fx = x Kx 228
∑d 229
Ky = Abscess requirements 230
Fx = Abscess qualification 231
d = Polygon range 232
α = Corner of Azimuth 233
234
4. Calculate the (X,Y) coordinates polygon dots are serial. 235
236
Xj = Xi + dij sin ij + kxij Yj = 237
Yi + dij cos ij + kyij 238
239
240
Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 6

241
Xi = Previous X coordinates 242
Yi = Previous Y coordinates 243
dij sin ij = Abscess requirement 244
dij cos ij = Ordinates 245
kxij = Abscess correction 246
kyij = Corrective coordinates 247
248
This data processing can be done manually on the form or using Ms. Exel's software to make calculations easier. 249
The following are the results of closed polygon calculations by bowditch on Microsoft software excel. 250
251
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258
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260
261
262

263

264

3. 4 The result of closeed polygon calculation by bowditch on Microsoft Excel

Of a horizontal base framework calculating by a closed polyon method, it is known to increase the horizontal 265
value of a polyon measuring area by, 1260°0´6.012´´. The difference between summation and Angle requirements is 266
0°0´6.012´´.So, by calculating the Angle cover correction by dividing the cover error by 9 points equitably, the result is 267
0°0´0.668´´. Then, it is known that the total distance between the polygon points is 280,248 m. Thus, it also provides an 268
(X,Y) value of each polygraph poin 269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

3. 5 Results plot coordinates into Google Earth

Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 7

3.3 Detail of the situation 279

The measuring of the detail situation by using ets (electronic total station) is particularly fitting for the measurement of the 280
detail situation because the error on this device is very small. The measuring methods used by the ets are based on tacymetry methods 281
that are one of the most widely used methods to map the situation in detail. It gives another advantage to the tachymetri method: its 282
ability to display and map the surface shape of the earth. It is ideal for measuring vast areas with rugged contour. 283

3.6 The situatio’s detailed daa processing

Tachymetric measurements allow you to measure not only the detail of the situation but also the altitude. This is because the 284
instrument that is used (a spyglass from ETS) can be moved up and down so that all irregular high-altitude objects can be mapped. 285
With the same ets we can set the printed material according to the exact Angle of the subject or set 0, which is useful for improving 286
our data processing and map imaging. 287

288

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290

291

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3.7 Detaile Map of Teletubbies Park Situtiaon Indonesia University Education

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Geomatics 2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 8

5. Conclusions 303
The various types of maps contain detailed maps of the situation, a detailed maps of the situation is a large-scale 304
topographic map drawn on a flat surface using a specific projection and scale system to represent the earth's surface 305
image, including natural and artificial objects. A detailed map of the situation can be obtained by means of terestis. 306
In the detailed mapping of the situation step and process of measuring the detail of the situation until the realization 307
of a detailed map of the situation is made from the preparation of the tools, the tooling, the preliminary survey, the 308
field orientation, the basic mapping framework measurement to the azimuth, the horizontal control frame, and the 309
vertical control frame, the measuring of the situation, to the creation of a situation detail map. A horizontal control 310
framework measurement is measured using a closed polyon method, whereas a vertical control framework meas- 311
urement is measured using a flat, circular measurement. 312
The vertical position is known or determined by its altitude relative to the prescribed altitude data. A vertical base 313
skeletal point is usually screwed to the horizontal bottom of a column. The presence of a vertical outline network 314
was initiated by the Dutch by specialising MSL at some points and carefully measuring altitude. This vertical frame 315
point network is also known as a high point geodesic . 316
The method we use is the tachymetri method because the tachymetry method is relatively fast and easy. Detailed 317
measuring points by the tachymetry method was done after measuring the base of the vertical and the horizontal 318
base measurement. The method used in measuring the base of a vertical frame is the method of flat sloping. The 319
method of flat sloping is a measuring technique to determine the high difference between the dots by using a flat 320
weader. 321
From the calculations, it is known that the distance of the measurement gone is 263.8 meters by a height correction. 322
Negative values have the meaning of one point to the following point is declining. Positive value means from one 323
point to another is up or up. Hence, it is also obtained at high point or elevation of each dot on a polygraph. The 324
difference between summation and Angle requirements is 0°0´6.012´´.So, by calculating the Angle cover correction 325
by dividing the cover error by 9 points equitably, the result is 0°0´0.668´´. 326
The measuring of the detail situation by using ets is particularly fitting for the measurement of the detail situation 327
because the error on this device is very small. The measuring methods used by the ets are based on tacymetry 328
methods that are one of the most widely used methods to map the situation in detail. Tachymetric measurements 329
allow you to measure not only the detail of the situation but also the altitude. 330

References 331
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