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ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺆرخ ﺳﻌﺪ ﷲ
The question of investigating history at historian
Saadallah
د ﻛﺮ ﻢ وﻟﺪاﻟﻨ ﻴﺔ.أ
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ- ﺗﺎر ﺦ و ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ-ﻣﺨ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ ﺗﺎرﺦ
Prof. Karim Ouldennebia
ا ﺰاﺋﺮ- ﺳﻴﺪي ﺑﻠﻌﺒﺎس- ا ﻴﻼ ﻟﻴﺎ ﺲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ و ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ karimouldennebia@yahoo.fr
DOI :
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ
، اﻟﻌ ﻮد، ﻗﺴﺎم، ﻓ ات،ﻴﺢ أن اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ﻌ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎر إ ﻋﺼﻮر
،ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻌﻠﻢ ا ﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن ﺬﻩ ﺧ ة ﻟﻢ ﻌﺪ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓ. زﻣﻨﺔ،ﺣﻠﻘﺎت
ّ
ﻟﻜﻦ اﳌ ﻢ ﻮ أن ﻣﺼﻄ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ ﻳﺪوم ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ. ﻧﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ا ﻴﻮﻟﻮ و ﻟ ﺲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎر
ً ﺑﻴﺪ أن ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﺻﻨﻊ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﻞ و ﺻﻨﻊ ﻟﻨﺎ.ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺼﻄ ﺎت أﺧﺮى ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﮫ
أﻳﻀﺄ
ﻧﺠﺪ أن اﳌﺆرﺧ ن اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻦ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻛﺜ ا اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ.ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ً ﺟﺎ ًﺰا و،""ﺗﺤﻘﻴﺒﺎ
ً
ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔ ة، اﻟﻔ ة ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﺔ: ﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ا ﺎ ﺰ ﺷ ﻞ، أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ دون و ﻣ ﻢ،ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎري
ُ
ﺑﻤﺆرخ، ﻟﻘﺪ ﻌﺖ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ ﷲ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﻲ.ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﺔ و ﻣﺎ ﻌﺪ اﻟﻔ ة ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﺔ
ﻷن ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﺗﻤ ت ﻋﻦ ﻏ ﺎ ﺑﻄﺎ ﻌ ﺎ، و ﻮ ﺟﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺄن ُﻳﻨﻌﺖ ﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ،ا ﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮﺔ
ﻟﮫ، و ﻮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣ.1830 ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺪد ﺳﻌﺪ ﷲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ا ﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ا ﺰاﺋﺮﺔ ﺴﻨﺔ. اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴ
ً دﻻﻟﺘﮫ ﺑﻞ ﻟﮫ ﻏﺎﻳﺘﮫ
.أﻳﻀﺎ
. اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ؛ ﺳﻌﺪ ﷲ ؛ﻣﺆرخ ؛ وﻃﻨﻴﺔ ؛ ا ﺰاﺋﺮ: اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﯿﺔ
Abstract
The question of investigating history at historian Saadullah. It is true that
excavation linguistically means dividing historical time into ages, periods, divisions,
epochs, episodes, and times. Note that the latter is no longer used, as it is, in fact,
specific to geology. We mean geological time, not historical time. But the important
thing is that the term era lasts for a period of time despite the presence of other terms
competing with it. However, colonialism also made for itself and also made us
"ready", ready and closed at the same time.
We find that contemporary historians frequently use colonial exploration, sometimes
without awareness of them, this ready-made exploration in the form of: the colonial
period, before the colonial period and after the colonial period (Pré-colonial -
Colonial - Post-colonial. Abu al-Qasim Saadallah has been called in the Arab world
by the historian of the Algerian national movement, and he is rooted to be referred to
in this capacity, because his writing is distinguished from others by its investigative
nature. Saadallah determined the beginning of the Algerian national movement in
Maghreb Journal of Historical and Social Studies - Sidi Bel-Abbes University
ISNN : 2170-0060 EISSN : 2602-523X
Volume 07 -- Issue 02 -- December 2016
karimouldennebia@yahoo.fr اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧـﻲ ﻛﺮ ﻢ وﻟﺪ ﻧ ﻴﺔ. أ:اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ
21
اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﺎرﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﻠـﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﯿﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ ﺳﯿﺪي ﺑﻠـﻌـﺒﺎس
ISNN : 2170-0060 EISSN : 2602-523X
اﻟﻤـﺠﻠــﺪ -- 07اﻟﻌﺪد -- 02دﯾﺳﻣﺑر 2016
ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺆرخ ﺳﻌﺪ ﷲ
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the year 1830. It is a systematic choice, which has its significance and even its
purpose.
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ُ ﻌﺘ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺆرخ .ذﻟﻚ أﻧﮫ ﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﺦ ﻣﻌ و
ﻣﻐﺰى .اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ﻟﮫ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺑ ﻨﺎء و ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺎر ﺦ.ﻓ ﻮ أﺳﺎس اﻟ ﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺎر
اﻟﺬي ُ ﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺎرﺦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ اﻟﻌﻠ .ﻓﻤﻦ دوﻧﮫ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ .إﻧﮫ ا ﺎﻧﺐ اﳌ
اﻟﺘﺎرﺦ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ دون ﻣﻐﺰى.
أوﻻ :ﻣﻔﮭﻮم اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﺐ ﻟﻐﻮ ًﯾﺎ و اﺻﻄﻼﺣ ًﯿﺎ
ﺣﻘﺐﺣﻘﺐ'' ﺑﻤﻌ ﻗﺴﻢّ . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺎء ﻣ ﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮة أن ﻓﻌﻞ '' ّ
ً
ﺗﺤﻘﻴﺒﺎ ،ﻓ ﻮ )ﺣﻘﺐُ ،ﻳﺤﻘﺐ، اﻟﺘﺎرﺦ اﻟ ﺸﺮي ،ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﮫ إ ﺣﻘﺐ زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔَ .
ّ ّ
ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﺐ ،و اﳌﻔﻌﻮل ﻣﺤﻘﺐ – ﺟﻤﻊ أﺣﻘﺎب و ِﺣﻘﺐ( .إن ﻣﻔ ﻮم ا ﻘﺒﺔ ﻌ
اﻟﺪ ﺮ ،ﻻ وﻗﺖ ﻟ ﺎ .ﻗﺪ ﺗ ﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ أو ﻗﺪ ﺗ ﻮن ﺛﻤﺎﻧ ن ﺳﻨﺔ أو أﻛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﺳﺎﺋﺪا
ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺎ.
ﻴﺢ أن اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ﻌ ﻟﻐﻮ ﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎر إ ﻋﺼﻮر ،ﻓ ات،
ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﺴﺎم ،اﻟﻌ ﻮد ،ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ،زﻣﻨﺔ .ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن ﺬﻩ ﺧ ة ﻟﻢ ﻌﺪ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓ
ﻣﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻌﻠﻢ ا ﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ،ﻧﻘﺼﺪ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ا ﻴﻮﻟﻮ ) ( 1و ﻟ ﺲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎر .ﻟﻜﻦ
ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺼﻄ ﺎت أﺧﺮى اﳌ ﻢ ﻮ أن ﻣﺼﻄ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ ﻳﺪوم ّ
"ﺗﺤﻘﻴﺒﺎ"،ﺟﺎ ًﺰا و ً
ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎ ً ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﮫ .ﺑﻴﺪ أن ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﺻﻨﻊ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﻞ و ﺻﻨﻊ ﻟﻨﺎ ً
أﻳﻀﺄ
ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ.
ﻧﺠﺪ أن اﳌﺆرﺧ ن اﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻦ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮن ﻛﺜ ا اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎري ،أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ دون
و ﻣ ﻢ ،ﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﺐ ا ﺎ ﺰ ﺷ ﻞ :اﻟﻔ ة ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﺔ ،ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔ ة
ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﺔ و ﻣﺎ ﻌﺪ اﻟﻔ ة ﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﺔ ).(Pré-colonial – Colonial – Post-colonial