States of Matter

3 Liquids and Solids

REVIEW Recall the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
VOCABULARY
meniscus
meniscus

NEW VOCABULARY Define each New Vocabulary term.

viscosity
viscosity
surface tension
surfactant
crystalline solid
surface tension
unit cell
allotrope surfactant
amorphous solid

crystalline solid

unit cell

allotrope
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amorphous solid

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3 Liquids and Solids (continued)
Compare and contrast the following paired concepts as they relate
to the properties of liquids by completing the following statements.
Density and compression: A liquid can take the ,
but its volume is . The density of a liquid is
than the density of the same substance as a . Liquids cannot
usually be except under pressure.
Fluidity and viscosity: Fluidity is the ability to . Liquids flow
through each other but at a than do. Viscosity
is the measure of the of a liquid to . The
stronger slow down the ability to flow, which
resistance (viscosity).
Viscosity and temperature: Temperature affects the of
a . Viscosity with temperature.

Analyze the relationship between viscosity, temperature, and change

in kinetic energy by completing the table.

Temperature ∆ KE Viscosity Effect in Liquid

increases flows faster
decreases increases
stays the same no change

Get It? Infer why it is important for motor oil to remain viscous.

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 3 Liquids and Solids (continued)
Explain surface tension by completing the web diagram below.

The energy required A measure of the

to increase the by interior
particles

The surface
The stronger the
tension of water is
between
because its
particles, the
molecules form
the surface tension
hydrogen bonds

Describe the following concepts as they relate to the properties of

liquids by completing the following passages.

Capillary action is

Cohesion is

Adhesion is
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Get It? Describe in your own words why ice floats in water.

Get It? Infer Imagine having a unit cell of each type of crystal
lattice composed of identical atoms. How would their densities
compare? Explain your reasoning.

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3 Liquids and Solids (continued)
Compare the different types of crystalline solids by completing the
following table.

Type Unit Particles Characteristics Examples

Atomic

Molecular

Covalent
network

Ionic

Metallic

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Get It? List the five categories of crystalline solids.

Get It? Describe the state and conductivity of molecular solids.

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 3 Liquids and Solids (continued)
Get It? Describe the properties of metals that make them useful for
making jewelry.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

18. D
 ifferentiatebetween solids and liquids in terms of the arrangement and motion
of particles.

19. Describe the factors that affect viscosity.

20. Explain why soap and water are used to clean clothing instead of water alone.
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21. Compare a unit cell and a crystal lattice.

22. Describe the difference between a molecular solid and a covalent network solid.

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3 Liquids and Solids (continued)
23. Explain why water forms a meniscus when it is in a graduated cylinder.

24. Infer why the surface of mercury in a thermometer is convex; that is, the surface is
higher at the center.

25. P
 redict which solid is more likely to be amorphous—one formed by allowing a
molten material to cool slowly to room temperature or one formed by quickly
cooling the same material in an ice bath.

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26. D
 esign an experiment to compare the relative abilities of water and isopropyl
alcohol to support skipping stones. Include a prediction about which liquid will be
better, along with a brief explanation of your prediction.

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