RECYCLEI

NGOFPLASTI
CWASTE
ASUMMERI
NTERNSHI
PREPORT

Seminarsubmitt
edinpart
ialf
ulf
il
mentofthe
r
equi
rementsfort
heawar dofthedegreeofB.
Tech.i
n
CHHOTUBHAIGOPALBHAIPATELI NSTI
TUTEOF
TECHNOLOGY
anautonomousinsti
tuti
onof
UKATARSADI AUNI VERSITY

By

NI
KHI
LSONAVANE
CGPI
T/CE/
202103103510151

Undert
heGui
danceof
MAULI
KKAKADI
A
(
Prof
.,Dept
.ofCI
VILEngi
neer
ing)

DEPARTMENTOFCI
VILENGI
NEERI
NG
UTU,
BARDOLI
JULY2023
CERTI
FICATE

2|
Page
 Acknowl
edgement
s
The compl eti
on oft his undert
aki
ng coul d nothav e been
possibl
ewi thouttheparti
cipati
onandassi stanceofsomany
people whose names may notal lbe enumer ated.Their
contri
buti
ons ar e si ncerel
y appr eci
ated and gr atef
ull
y
acknowledged.Howev er
,Iwoul dlike to express mydeep
appreci
ati
onandi ndebtednessparti
cular
lytothef ol
lowing:

Pr
of.ANKI
TGUPTA,
PhDScol
l
.AAKASHSI
NGH
PhDScol
lVI
VEKWAGH
endless suppor
t,ki
nd and under
standi
ng spi
ri
tdur
ing our
tr
ainingsessi
on.

Toallf
ri
endsandother
swhoi
nonewayoranot
hershar
edt
hei
r
suppor
t,t
hankyou.
Aboveal
l,t
otheGreatAlmi
ghty,t
heaut
horofknowl
edgeand
wisdom,
forhi
scount
lessl
ove.

It
hanky
ou.

NI
KHI
LSONAVANE
Depar
tmentofCi
vi
lEngi
neer
ing
CGPI
T/CE/
2021-
151

3|
Page
 Abst
ract
Thissummeri nter nshi prepor tfocusesonr ecy cl
ingpl astic
waste, part
icular l
yl ow- densi typol ymer s( LDPE) ,
t ocr eate
modi f
iedbi nder sf orci vilengi neeringappl i
cat ions.I tpr ov i
des
anov erviewoft hemat eri
alsused, thepr ocessofmaki ng
polymer smodi f i
edbi nder s,andt hev arioust ypesofbi nder s
produced.Ther epor talsodi scussesot herper formedpr actices,
suchast heHambur gWheel LoadTestandt heSemi -Circular
BendingTest ,forev aluatingasphal tmi xt ures' per formance.
Additi
onal l
y,essent ial t
est sforassessi ngbi tumenpr oper ti
es,
suchast hepenet rat i
ont est ,sof t
eni ngpoi ntt est, andr otati
onal
vi
scomet ertest, arecov ered.Ther epor temphasi z est he
i
mpor tanceofpr obl em- solvingski llsi nt hef ieldofci vil
engineeringandt hepot ential ofrecy clingpl ast i
cwast eto
addressenv i
ronment al concer ns.Ov er all,t
hi sint ernshi pr eport
offer
sv aluablei nsi ghtsf orci vilengi neer ingpr ofessi onal sand
otherdiscipli
nes.

Si
gnat
ureofSt
udent

Name: NIKHI
LSONAVANE
CGPIT/CE/2021-151
Semester:4thSem
Branch:Civ
ilEngineeri
ng
Section:I
Dat
e:28/
7/2023

4|
Page
 Tabl
eofCont
ent
s

CERTIFICATE
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2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………….
.……………3

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4

Tabl
e of cont
ent
s
..
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5

1.I
NTRODUCTION
2.POLYMERSANDMATERIALS.
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.7
3.PROCESSOFMAKEINGPOLYMERSMODI FIEDBI NDERS...
..
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8
4.TOTAL TYPS OF BINDER MAKE
9
5.OUTHERPERFORMEDPRACTICES 11
6.CONCLUSI
ON 18

5|
Page
 1.
INTRODUCTI
ON
 Low-
densi
typol
ymer
s,al
soknownasLDPE(
Low-
Densi
tyPol
yet
hyl
ene)
,ar
ea
ty
peofther
mopl ast
icpol
ymerwi
thar
elat
ivel
ylowdensi
tycompar
edt
oot
her
pl
ast
icmateri
als

 LDPEi
spr
oducedt
hrought
hepol
ymer
izat
ionofet
hyl
enemonomer
s,whi
ch
arederi
vedfrom crudeoi lornat
uralgas.Thepolymeri
zationprocessresul
ts
i
n a chai n-l
ike structure wit
h numer ous branches, givi
ng LDPE i ts
charact
eri
sti
cl ow densityandhighflexi
bil
it
y.ThedensityofLDPEt y
picall
y
rangesfr
om 0.910t o0.940g/cm³,makingitoneoftheleastdensepoly
mer s.

 Oneoft
hekeychar
act
eri
sti
csofLDPEi
sit
sexcel
l
entf
lexi
bil
i
tyandt
oughness.
Itishighl
yr esi
stanttoimpactandcanwi thst
andrepetit
ivebendi
ngand
str
etchi
ngwithoutbreaki
ng.Thi
sproper
tymakesLDPEi dealforappl
i
cat
ions
suchaspackagingf i
lms,pl
asti
cbags,andsqueezebottl
es,wherefl
exi
bil
i
ty
anddurabi
li
tyarerequi
red.

 Despi
tei
tsadv
ant
ageouspr
oper
ti
es,LDPEhasar
elat
ivel
ylowmel
ti
ngpoi
nt,
typi
cal
l
yar ound105- 115°
C(221-
239°F).Thislow melt
ingpointrest
ri
ctsits
useinhi gh-temperat
ureappli
cat
ions.LDPEal sohaslowert ensi
lest
rength
andsti
ffnesscompar edtoot
herpolymers,suchashigh-densi
typol
yet
hylene
(HDPE)orpol y
propyl
ene(PP)

 Insummar y,l
ow- densit
ypol y
mer s, orLDPE, areversati
let
her moplasticswit
h
excell
entflexi
bili
ty,toughness,chemi calresi
stance,andelectri
calinsulat
ing
propert
ies.Theirlowdensi tyandhi ghf lexibi
l
itymaket hem suit
ablef or
appli
cationsrequi r
ingdurabil
ity
, suchaspackagi ng,bags,andbot t
les.LDPE's
resi
stancet ochemi calsandmoi stureex pandsitsusei nt
hechemi cal
i
ndust r
yandout doorapplicati
ons.Howev er,
itshouldbenot edthatLDPEhas
l
imitati
onsi ntermsoft emper aturer esist
anceandmechani calstr
engt h
compar edt ootherpol y
mer s.

 NOTE:
LDPEAr
enonr
ecy
clebl
e


6|
Page
2.
POLYMERSANDMATERI
ALS

PELLETS PURE

FLEX SHREDS

MELEI
C SULFUR

7|
Page
3.
PROCESSOFMAKEINGPOLYMERS
MODI
FIEDBI
NDERS
 Ov
enheatt
hev
irgi
nbi
nderf
or1hourat163*
C
 Putthebinderonheat
er,
sett
emp.
@ 165*
C&mi
xthebi
nderatl
ow
shearfor15min.
 Whent
emp.Goesabov
e165*
Cthenaddpol
ymer
 Mi
xthebi
nderatmedi
um shearf
ornext15mi
n.
 Af
tert
hatst
arthi
ghshearmi
xi
ngf
ornext30mi
n.
 Reducet
het
emp.Ofheat
er&mi
xbi
nderatl
owshear
 Thenaddcr
ossl
i
nker
s(i
fany
)
 Mi
xitonmedi
um shearf
or10mi
n
 Mi
xitonhi
ghf
ornex
t15mi
n
 Mi
xitonl
owshearf
or10mi
n
 Af
tert
hatov
enheatt
hebi
nderf
or1hourat165*
C

8|
Page
4TOTALTYPSOFBI
NDERMAKE
1.
PURE
 2%Pur
e
 4%Pur
e
 6%Pur
e

 2%Pur
ew/
s
 4%Pur
ew/
s
 6%Pur
ew/
s

 2%Pur
ew/
m
 4%Pur
ew/
m
 6%Pur
ew/
m
2.
PELLETS
 2%Pel
l
ets
 4%Pel
l
ets
 6%Pel
l
ets

 2%Pel
l
etsw/
s
 4%Pel
l
etsw/
s
 6%Pel
l
etsw/
s

 2%Pel
l
etsw/
m
 4%Pel
l
etsw/
m
 6%Pel
l
etsw/
m

9|
Page
3.
SHREDS
 2%Shr
eds
 4%Shr
eds
 6%Shr
eds

 2%Shr
edsw/
s
 4%Shr
edsw/
s
 6%Shr
edsw/
s

 2%Shr
edsw/
m
 4%Shr
edsw/
m
 6%Shr
edsw/
m

4.
Flex
 2%f
lex
 4%f
lex
 6%f
lex

 2%f
lexw/
s
 4%f
lexw/
s
 6%f
lexw/
s

 2%f
lexw/
m
 4%f
lexw/
m
 6%f
lexw/
m

10|
Page
5.
OUTHERPERFORMEDPRACTI
CES

5.
1HAMBURWHEELLOADTESTFORRUTI
NG

5.
2SEMI
-CI
RCULARBENDI
NGTESTFORFUTI
GUE

11|
Page
 HAMBURWHEELLOADTESTPROCESS
Thegener
alst
epsi
ntheHambur
gWheel
Tracki
ngTestpr
ocessar
eas
fol
l
ows:

1.Prepar ationofSpeci mens: Cy l

i
ndr i
calspeci mensar epr epar edf rom t he
asphal tmi xtureaccor dingtospeci fi
cst andar dsorr equi rement s.
2.Condi ti
oni ng: Thespeci mensar eusual l
ycondi ti
onedi nawat erbat hor
ovenataspeci fiedtemper aturet oachi ev et hedesi r
edt est i
ngt emper atur
e.
3.PlacingSpeci meni nt heTest i
ngMachi ne: Thecondi ti
onedspeci meni s
placedhor izont all
yint heHambur gWheel TrackingTestmachi ne.
4.Appl yi
ngLoad: Theci r
cularsteel wheel appliesav er
tical loadont he
speci men.
5.Immer sioni nWat er:Thespeci meni ssubmer gedi nwat ert osi mul atethe
effectofmoi stureont hepav ement .
6.Wheel Tr acking: Thewheel isrot atedandt raversest hel engt hoft he
speci men, apply i
ngt heloadandcr eati
ngt her ut
tingef f
ect .
7.Measur ingRutDept h:Ther utdept hismeasur edatr egul arintervals( e.
g.,
afteraspeci ficnumberofwheel passes)t oassesst her ut t
ingr esistance
oft heasphal tmi xture.
8.TestEv aluation: Thedat aobt ainedf rom t het estisanal yz edt odet ermine
ther esistanceoft heasphal tmi xturetor utting.

It
'si
mportanttonotethatspecifi
ctest
ingpr oceduresmayv arydepending
onthestandardsorprotocolsusedbydifferentorganizat
ionsorcount r
ies.
TheHambur gWheel Tracki
ngTesti sj
ustoneofsev eralt
est susedto
eval
uatetheperformanceofasphaltmixturesinthel abor
ator ybef
orethey
areusedinrealroadconstruct
ion.

Forup-
to-
dateanddet ai
ledi
nformati
onont heHambur gWheelTracki
ng
Testpr
ocess,i
t'
sbestt oref
ertotherel
evantstandar
dsorguidel
ines
i
ssuedbyrecognizedorgani
zati
onsinthefiel
dofpavementengineeri
ng
andasphal
ttechnology.

12|
Page
 SEMI
-CI
RCULARBENDI
NGTESTPROCESS

Thepr
ocessoft
heSemi
-Ci
rcul
arBendi
ngTestt
ypi
cal
l
yinv
olv
est
he
fol
l
owi
ngsteps:

1.Sampl ePr epar ation: Cy l

indr i
cal asphal tspeci mensar epr epar edaccor di
ng
tospeci fi
cst andar dsorpr ojectr equi rement s.Thesespeci mensar et hen
not chedt ocr eat easemi -circularshape.Thenot chedr egi oni swher et he
cracki nit
iat i
onandpr opagat i
onwi lloccurdur i
ngt het est .
2.Condi ti
oning: Thepr epar edspeci mensmaybecondi t
ionedi na
temper atur e-cont roll
edenv ir
onmentt or eacht hedesi redt estt emper ature.
Thi si scruci alast het estev aluatest hel ow- temper atur ecr acking
per formanceoft heasphal tmat erial.
3.Placi ngSpeci meni ntheTestFi xture: Thecondi tionedsemi -
circularasphal t
speci meni spl acedi nt het estf ixture, whi chconsi stsoft wosuppor troll
ers
andal oadi ngpi nl ocat edatt hecent eroft hespeci men.
4.Appl yi
ngLoad: Aloadi ngdev i
ceorhy dr aul icact uatorappl iesacont roll
ed
for ceont hel oadi ngpi n, induci ngbendi ngst ressesont hesemi -
circular
speci men.Thel oadi si ncr easedataconst antr at eunt ilthespeci men
fract ures.
5.Cr ackI niti
at i
onandPr opagat ion: Ast hel oadi sappl i
ed, acr ackst artsto
for m att henot choft hespeci men.Thecr ackt henpr opagat esal ongt he
l
engt hoft hespeci menunt il i
treachest heot herside.
6.Dat aCol l
ect ion: Throughoutt het est ,v ariouspar amet ersar emeasur ed,
suchast hel oadappl iedandt hecor respondi ngcr ackmout hopeni ng
displ acement( CMOD) .Thesedat aar eusedt odet ermi net hef r
act ure
toughnessandcr ackingr esistanceoft heasphal tmat er i
al.
7.TestEv al
uat ion: Thecol lecteddat ai sanal y zedt ocal cul atei mpor tant
fract urepr oper ti
es, suchascr iti
cal stressi nt ensityfact or( K_IC)andcr it
ical
crackt ipopeni ngdi spl acement( CTODc) .Thesepr oper ti
espr ovi
dei nsights
i
nt ot hemat erial'
ssuscept ibil
itytocr acki ngunderbendi ngl oads.

TheSemi -Cir
cularBendingTestisav al
uabl etoolf
orassessi ngthe
perfor
manceofasphal tmixtur
es,especial
lyinregionswithlow
temperatures,wheretheriskofcracki
ngduet othermalstressesishigher
.
Aswi t
hanyt estmet hod,i
tisessenti
altof oll
owther el
evantstandardsand
guidel
inestoensureaccur ateandconsistentresult
s.


13|
Page
 PENETRATI
ONTEST
 SOFTENI
NGPOI
NTTEST
 ROTATI
ONALVI
SCOMETERTEST

14|
Page
 PENETRATI
ONTEST
Thepenet
rat
iont
esti
scar
ri
edoutasf
oll
ows:

1.Asampl eofbi t
umeni stakenandconditi
onedt oaspecifi
edtemperatur
e
(usuall
y25° Cor25°C±0. 1°C).
2.Ast andardneedlewithaspecifi
edweight(usuall
y100gr ams)i
sall
owedt o
penetratethebit
umensampl eforaspeci
fi
cdur at
ion(usuall
y5seconds).
3.Thedept hofpenetrati
onoft heneedl
eisrecordedintenthsofamil
limeter
,
andt hi
sv al
uerepresentsthepenetr
ati
onv al
ueoft hebi
tumensampl e.

Thepenet rati
ont estprovi
desvaluableinfor
mat ionaboutthehardnessor
consistencyofbi tumen,whichisessentialf
orassessi ngit
ssuit
abil
it
yfor
vari
ousappl icat
ions.Diff
erentgradesofbi t
umenar eusedfordi
ffer
ent
purposes, andthepenet r
ati
ont esthelpsinclassif
yingbit
umeninto
dif
ferentpenet r
ationgradecategories.

It
'si
mpor t
anttonotethatt
hepenet r
ati
ontestisj
ustoneofseveral
tests
conductedtoeval
uatebit
umenpr operti
es,
andadditi
onal
test
slike
soft
eningpoint
,fl
ashpoint
,andductili
tyar
ealsoperf
ormedtounderstand
theoveral
lbehavi
orandcharact
erist
icsofthebit
umen.

I
fy ouarelooki
ngforspeci
fi
cinformationrel
atedtothepenet
rat
iontestof
bi
tumen, Iwoul
drecommendr eferri
ngt ot
herelevantASTM (
American
Societ
yforTesti
ngandMat eri
als)standar
ds,astheyprovi
dedetai
l
ed
procedur
esandgui del
i
nesforconduct i
ngthetest
.

15|
Page
 SOFTENI
NGPOI
NTTEST
Appar
atus:

 Softeningpointappar
atus:I
tconsistsofari
ngandbal
lassembl
y.Theri
ng
i
sabr assri
ngwi t
hagr oov
et hatsupport
sthebal
l
.Theballi
sasteel
bal
l
thatrestsont hebi
tumensampl e.

Sampl
ePr
epar
ati
on:

1.Arepresentat
ivesampleofbi
tumeni
stakenfort
est
ing.Thesampl
eis
usual
l
yi ntheform ofpel
l
etsorsmal
lpi
eces.

TestPr
ocedur
e:

1.Ther i
ngandbal lassembl yisheat edinawat erbatht oat emper atur
eof
5°Cabov etheexpectedsof teni
ngpoi nt .
2.Thebi tumensampl eisplacedinamet alcup,andthecupi splacedona
heat-resistantpl
at e.
3.Theheat edr i
ngandbal l
assembl yarepl acedont opoft hebitumensampl e
i
nt hecup.
4.Thet emper at
ureisgr aduall
yincreasedataspeci fi
edr ate(typical
ly5°Cper
minut e).
5.Ast het emper at
urer i
ses,thebitumensof tensandal lowst hebal l
tosink
i
ntot hesampl e.
6.Thesof teningpointisdeterminedast het emperatureatwhi cht hebit
umen
sampl ehassuf f
icientl
ysof t
ened, andt heballtouchest hebot t
om oft he
met alcup.

Calculat
ion:
Thesoft
eni
ngpointi
srepor
tedi
ndegreesCel
si
us(
°C)ast
he
averageofdupl
i
cateort
ri
pli
catedet
ermi
nati
ons.

It
'si
mpor tanttonotethatthesofteni
ngpointofbit
umeni saffectedby
fact
orssuchast hesourceofcrudeoil,
thetypeofref
ini
ngpr ocesses,and
thepresenceofaddi t
ives.Di
ffer
entappli
cati
onsmayr equir
ebi t
umenwi th
speci
ficsofteni
ngpoint stoensureadequat
eperformanceunderdi ff
erent
envi
ronment alcondi
tions.

Thesofteni
ngpointt
estisj
ustoneofsever
altest
sconductedonbit
umen
toassessit
spropert
iesandsui
tabi
l
ityf
orvari
ousappl
icat
ions.Ot
hertest
s,

16|
Page
 suchaspenet
rat
iontest
,duct
il
it
ytest,
andspeci
fi
cgravi
tytest
,areal
so
perf
ormedtocomprehensi
vel
yevaluat
ethechar
acter
ist
icsofbi
tumen.
ROTATI
ONALVI
SCOMETERTEST
Appar
atus:

 Rotati
onal vi
scomet er:Theviscometerconsist
sofaspi ndl
eorrotorthati
s
rot
atedataconst antspeedbyamot or .
 Samplecont ainer:Thef l
uidsampl ei
splacedinacont ainerorcup,andthe
spi
ndleisi mmer sedint hefl
uid.
 Temper aturecontrol:
Somev iscometershav
et emperaturecontrol
capabil
iti
est otestthev i
scosityatdi
ffer
enttemperat
ur es.

TestPr
ocedur
e:

1.Thef lui
dsampl eispr eparedbyensur i
ngitishomogeneousandf reefrom
airbubbl esoranycont ami nantsthatcouldaffecttheresults.
2.Thev iscomet erissetup, andthespi ndl
eispl acedinthesampl econtainer
withthef l
uid.
3.Ther otational speedoft hespindleisset,andt hetestbegins.
4.Thespi ndl estartsr ot
at i
ngi ntheflui
d,andthev i
scometermeasur esthe
torquer equiredt omai ntai
nt herotat
ionalmot ionatthepresetspeed.
5.Thev iscomet erdisplay sthev i
scosit
yv al
ue,usuallyinunit
sofcent i
poise
(cP)ormi ll
ipascal-seconds( mPa·s),dependingont heinstr
ument's
configuration.

17|
Page
 6.
CONCLUSI
ON
Int his summeri nter
nshipr eport
,t he f ocus was on r ecycling
plasti
cwast e,parti
cul
arl
ylow- densitypol ymers(LDPE) ,tocr eate
modi fi
ed binder
sf orcivilengineer i
ng appl i
cati
ons.The r epor t
providedacompr ehensi
veov ervi
ew oft hemat eri
alsusedi nt he
process,t hemethodsofmaki ngt hepol y mersmodi f
iedbi nder s,
andt hev ari
oustypesofbi nderspr oduced,suchaspur e,pellets,
shreds,andf l
ex,
wi t
hdiff
erentpercent agesofadditiv
es.

Ther eportal
sodiscussedot herperf
ormedpr acti
ces,includi
ngt he
Hambur g WheelLoad Testf orr utting and the Semi -
Circul
ar
BendingTestf orfatigue.Theset estsar eessentialforev al
uat i
ng
the performance and sui tabil
it
y ofasphal tmi xt
ures f orr oad
constructi
onunderdi f
ferentcondi t
ions.Addi t
ionall
y,penet rati
on
test,softeni
ng pointt est,and rotationalv i
scomet ert estwer e
ment i
oned ascr ucialmet hodsf orassessing thepr opert
iesof
bitumen.

Asther eportconcludes,i
tbecomesev i
dentthatrecycli
ngpl asti
c
wasteforcr eat
ingmodi fi
edbinderscanbeapr omisingappr oach
toaddressenv ironmentalconcernsandr educeplast i
cpolluti
on.
Theknowl edgeandmet hodologi
essharedint hi
sr eportcouldbe
benefi
cialnotonlyinthef i
eldofcivi
lengi
neeri
ngbutal soinot her
di
scipl
ines.

In concl
usion,t hissummeri nt
ernshi
pr eportprovi
desv aluable
i
nsightsintot her ecycli
ngofpl ast
icwast eforcivi
lengineeri
ng
appli
cati
ons and t he importance ofpr oblem-
solvi
ng skil
lsf or
engineer
ing pr ofessi
onals.The knowl edge gained from t his
i
nternshi
pwi l
lundoubt edlycont ri
butetot heauthor'
sacademi c
andpr of
essional gr
owt hinthef i
eldofci
vilengi
neeri
ng.

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19|
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