LECTURE 10

ME-2001 BASIC MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
Engineer Faryal Gula
Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering,
FAST NUCES, Islamabad
faryal.gula@nu.edu.pk
FLUID MECHANICS
applications
 LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
• When fluid flows smoothly around an object, as in the sketch of airflow around a
sphere, the fluid is said to move in a laminar manner. Laminar flow occurs when
fluid is moving relatively slowly
• As fluid moves faster past the sphere, the flow’s pattern begins to break up and
become random, particularly on the sphere’s trailing edge. The irregular flow
pattern is said to be turbulent.
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REYNOLDS NUMBER

• The criterion to determine whether a fluid moves in a laminar or turbulent

pattern depends on several factors: the size of the object moving through the fluid
(or the size of the pipe or duct in which the fluid is flowing), the speed of the
object (or of the fluid), and the density and viscosity properties of the fluid.

• The Reynolds number has the physical interpretation of being the ratio between
the inertia and viscous forces acting within a fluid
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EXAMPLE 6.5

• Calculate the Reynolds number for the following situations. (a) A Winchester .30–
30 bullet leaves the muzzle of a rifle at 2400 ft∕s. (b) Freshwater flows through a 1
cm diameter pipe at the average speed of 0.5 m∕s. (c) SAE 30 oil flows under the
same conditions as (b). (d) A fast attack submarine with hull diameter of 33 ft
cruises at 15 knots. One knot is equivalent to 1.152 mph
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FLUID FLOW IN PIPES

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EXAMPLE 6.6

• An automobile is driving at 40 mph, and it has a fuel economy rating of 28 mi∕gal.

The fuel line from the tank to the engine has an inside diameter of 3/8 in.
• (a) Determine the volumetric flow rate of fuel in units of ft3∕s.
• (b) In the dimensions of in∕s, what is the gasoline’s average velocity?
• (c) What is the Reynolds number for this flow?
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DRAG FORCE

• Coefficient of drag

• • Fluid dynamics
• • Frontal area
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DRAG COEFFICIENT AND

FRONTAL AREA
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DRAG COEFFICIENT FOR

SMOOTH SPHERE
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EXAMPLE 6.7

• A 1.68 in. diameter golf ball is driven off a tee at 70 mph. Determine the drag force
acting on the golf ball by (a) approximating it as a smooth sphere and (b) using
the actual drag coefficient of 0.27
EXAMPLE 6.8
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THANK YOU