MIL HANDOUTS
The ability to distinguish emotional from
Lesson 3: Responsible Use of Media and
Information
Information Disorder
- Refers to the many ways our information
environment is polluted- content are fake,
used out of context, or weaponized to
attack certain individuals or groups of
people.
Three Categories of Information Disorder:
1. Misinformation – refers to information
that is false, but the person sharing or
disseminating it unknowingly perceives it
as something true.
 False Connection – when headlines
or visuals do not support the content.
 Misleading Content – by cropping
photos or choosing quotes selectively.
2. Disinformation – refers to content that
contains false information with the
deliberate intention to mislead or deceive
the audience.
 False Context – when genuine
content is re-circulated out of its
original context.
 Imposter Content – persons’
bylines used alongside articles they
did not write, or organizations’
logos used in videos or images they
did not create.
 Manipulated Content – when
genuine content is manipulated to
deceive.
 Fabricated Content – fabricated
“news sites” or fabricated visual.
3. Mal-information – refers to information
that is based on reality but is used to inflict
harm.
7 MIL Skills that a media user and producer
should develop:
1. The ability and willingness to make an
effort to understand content, to pay
attention, and to filter out noise.
2. An understanding of and respect for the
power of media messages.
3.
reasoned reactions when responding to
content and to act accordingly.
4. Development of heightened expectations
of media content.
5. A knowledge of genre conversions and the
ability to recognize when they are being
mixed.
6. The ability to think critically about media
messages, no matter how credible their
sources.
7. A knowledge and appreciation of the
internal language of various media and the
ability to understand its effects, no matter
how complex.
MIL four components:
 Access – to information, to
communication tools
 Analysis – of how media is
constructed
 Evaluation – of a content’s meaning,
value, purpose, and point of view.
 Creation – of a media content or
message.
My Responsibility as a Media Consumer
1. Who created this message? (Author)
2. What creative techniques are used to attract
my attention? (Format)
3. How might other people understand this
message differently than me? (Audience)
4. What values, lifestyles, and point of views
are represent in, or omitted from this
message? (Content)
5. Why is this message being sent? (Purpose)
My Responsibility as a Media Producer
1. Give credit where credit is due.
2. Avoid sharing raw or unverified
information.
3. Think about who can see what you have
shared.
4. Be open to learning and constructive
criticisms.
5. Share expert knowledge.
6. Respect other people’s privacy.
7. Always be respectful.
MIL HANDOUTS
Lesson 4: Evolution of Media
Ages of Media and Information thru out
History
 Pre-industrial Age (Before 1700s)
- People discovered fire, developed paper
from plants, and forged weapons and tools
with stone, bronze, copper and iron.
- Cave Paintings, Printing Press using
Woodblocks, Codex, ActaDiuma, Clay
Tablets, Papyrus, Dibao
 Industrial Age (1700s – 1930s)
- People used the power of steam, developed
machine tools, established iron production,
and the manufacturing of various products.
- Printing press for Mass Production (19 th
century), Typewriter (1800), Telephone
(1876), Telegraph, Motion Picture
Photography, Motion Picture with Sound,
Newspaper
 Electronic Age (1930s – 1980s)
- The invention of the transistors ushered in
the electronic age. People harnessed the
power of transistors that led to the transistor
radio, electronic circuits, and the early
computers. In this age, long distance
communication became more efficient.
- Transistor radio, Television, Mainframe
Computers, Personal Computers, OHP,
LCD Projectors
 Information Age (1900s – 2000s)
- The internet paved the faster way for
communication and the creation of the
social network. People advanced the use of
microelectronics with the invention of
personal computers, mobile devices, and
wearable technology. Moreover, voice,
image, sound and data are digitalized. We
are now living in the Information Age.
- Web browsers (1993), Wordpress (2003),
Internet Explorer (1995), Blogspot (1999),
Smartphones, Portable Computer, Laptop,
Tablet, Netbooks
Roles of Media in a Democratic Society
1. Channel
- It provides opportunities for people to
communicate, share ideas, speculate, tell
stories, and give information.
2. Watchdog
- It exposes corrupt practices of the
government and private sector. Creating a
space wherein governance is challenged or
scrutinized by the governed. It also
guarantees free and fair elections.
3. Resource Center
- It acts as gateway of information for the
society’s consumption. It also becomes a
keeper of memories for the communities,
preserver of heritage and source of
academic knowledge.
4. Advocate
- Through its diverse sources or formats, it
bridges the gap of digital divide.
Internet of Things (IoT)
- Refers to the use of intelligently connected
devices and systems to leverage data
gathered by embedded sensors and
actuators in machines and other physical
objects.
Key Distinctive Features identified by mobile
operators:
1. The IoT can enable the next wave of life-
enhancing services across several
fundamental sectors of the economy,
2. Meeting the needs of customers may
require global distribution models and
consistent global services.
3. The IoT presents an opportunity for new
commercial models to support mass global
deployments.
4. The majority of revenue will arise from the
provision of value-added services and
mobile operators are building new
capabilities to enable these new service
areas.
 5. Device and application behavior will place
new and varying demands on mobile
networks.
GENERAL BIOLOGY HANDOUTS
Organismal Biology: Transport and Circulation
Circulatory System
 Open Circulatory System – Pumps blood
into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing
back to the circulatory system between
cells. Common to mollusks and
arthropods.
 Closed Circulatory System – blood is
pumped by a heart through vessels, and
does not normally fill body cavities.
Common in vertebrates and a few
invertebrates.
Function of the Circulatory System
 Circulate blood throughout entire body.
 Transport of oxygen to cells.
 Transport of carbon dioxide away from
cells.
 Movement of immune system components.
 Transport of endocrine gland secretions.
Simple Organism - Organism which have two
cell layer covering, get their supply of gases and
excrete wastes through diffusion. (Hydra,
jellyfish)
Diffusion – is a process in which materials travels
from the regions of high concentration to low
concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Division of Circulatory System:
 Pulmonary Circulation – blood flows
between the heart and the lungs to become
oxygenated.
 Systematic Circulation – blood is
distributed to tissues and other system of
the body.
Parts of the Circulatory System:
 Heart – a muscle that is about the size of a fist
(human) pumps blood throughout the body.
 The right side of your heart collects blood
on its return from the rest of your body.
The blood entering the right side of your
heart is low in oxygen.
 Four Chambers of the Heart:
 Left Atrium (upper chamber)
 Right Atrium (upper chamber)
 Left Ventricle (lower chamber)
 Right Ventricle (lower chamber)
 The Heart’s Valves
 Pulmonary Valve – opens when the atria
contract.
 Tricuspid Valve – opens when the atria
contract.
 Aortic Valve – opens when the ventricle
contract.
 Mitral Valve – opens when the ventricle
contract.
 Artery – a thick elastic red-colored muscular
wall that carries blood away from the heart.
 Vein – A thinner blue-colored muscular walls
that returns blood back to the heart.
 Capillaries – a tiny one-cell thick vessel that
connects the arteries and veins together. It
carries blood and nutrient inside the tissues
and organs.
 Blood
 Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cell)
o Remove waste and deliver oxygen.
 Leucocytes (White Blood Cell)
o Helps to defend the body against
infection.
 Thrombocytes (Platelets)
o Form a clot and prevent bleeding.
Bloods get filtered inside blood capillaries
found in the kidneys. Useful substances will
be absorbed quickly by the blood while wastes
will be removed in the form of urine.
Kidney
- are two bean-shaped organs that are roughly the
size of a fist.
- a tough, fibrous renal capsule surrounds each
kidney and provides support for the soft tissue
inside. Beyond that, two layers of fat serve as
further protection.
- they’re under the lower part of your ribcage on
the right and left side of your backbone.
- filter waste out of your blood and produce urine
to remove that waste –along with extra fluid from
your body.
Vascular System of Plants – transport water and – exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
nutrients from the roots to different parts of the happen inside the stomata.
plants.
 Xylem – it carries water and minerals
upward, from the roots to its different parts.
 Phloem – it moves water and nutrient
throughout the different parts of plants.

GENERAL BIOLOGY HANDOUTS

Nutrient Procurement and Processing

Required Nutrients of Animals Feeding Mechanism of Carnivorous Plants
- Carbohydrates, fats, proteins  Insect-eating plant – capture and digest their
Essential Nutrients of Animals preys through pitfalls and traps.

- Amino acid, fatty acid, vitamins, minerals  Pitcher Plant

o Gives a sweet odor to make their prey
Photosynthesis
fell into the pitcher.
- Is the process by which light energy is  Venus Flytrap
converted to chemical energy in order for o It closes down and traps their prey when
the plant to make their own food. touched.
- 6CO2 + 6H20 C6H12O6 + 6O2  Cobra Lily
Chloroplast o It confuses their prey when they enter its
translucent window in the leaf.
- The site of photosynthesis. This cell  Yellow Pitcher Plant
organelle is found in plant cell and contains o It collects rainwater to attract their prey.
chlorophyll (a green pigment color).  Sundew
Process of Photosynthesis o It traps its prey using its sticky substance
found in their leaves.
 Roots – absorbs the water and nutrient  Monkey Cup
and bring it to the other parts of the plants. o It traps and feed on their prey inside their
 Chlorophyll – in the leaves traps the cup.
sunlight.
 Carbon dioxide – enters the stomata. Plant Nutrition
 Sugar – converted into starch.  Macronutrients
 Starch – stored as food in the plant.
 Nitrogen
 Oxygen – is given off into the air.
 Potassium
Plant Parts involved in Photosynthesis  Phosphorus
 Sulfur
 Roots  Calcium
– it absorbs and transport water and  Magnesium
nutrient from the soil to the rest of the
plant.  Micronutrients
 Leaves  Iron
– the part of the plant where  Boron
photosynthesis takes place.  Zinc
 Chloroplast  Manganese
– contain chlorophyll that traps sunlight.  Chlorine
 Molybdenum
  Copper  Left Brain
 Analytic thought
 Logic
 Language
 Reasoning
 Science and Math
 Written
 Number skill
 Right-handed control

GENERAL BIOLOGY HANDOUTS

Nervous System
Nervous System
Four Division of Cerebral Cortex
 Central Nervous System (CNS)
 Frontal Lobe
o Referred to as “central because it
o Can be found in front of the brain over
combines information from the entire
the eyes. This contains olfactory bulb
body and coordinates activity across
and motor cortex.
the whole organism and the body parts.
 Parietal Lobe
It is made up of brain and spinal cord.
o On top of the brain and is responsible
 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
o Consist from the nerves that branch out in speech and reading.
 Occipital Lobe
from the brain and spinal cord, forms
o Found at the back of the brain, very
the communication network bet.
delicate, and primarily involve in
Forebrain vision.
 Temporal Lobe
 Thalamus
o Located at the base of the brain.
o it will process information and relays it
Processing and memory formation.
to the cerebrum
 Hypothalamus Brain Stem
o homeostatic control of most organ like
 Medulla Oblongata
regulated body temperature, heart, rate,
o Regulates breathing, blood pressure,
water balance, and blood pressure
along with hunger and thirst. and heart rate.
 Cerebrum  Pons
o it control the qualities of mind: o Connects the forebrain with medulla
personality, intelligence, learning, and cerebrum.
perception, and emotion Brain Stem Anatomy (based on image shown)
Brain Function  Thalamus
 Right Brain  Midbrain
 Art awareness  Pons
 Medulla
 Creativity
 Spinal Cord
 Imagination
 Intuition Cerebellum
 Insight
- It controls posture and balance.
 Holistic thought
 Music awareness
 Left-handed control
GENERAL BIOLOGY HANDOUTS
Frog Dissection: Internal Anatomy
Frog Organs
1. Fat Bodies
o Spaghetti shaped structures that have a
bright orange or yellow color. They are
usually located just on the inside of the
abdominal wall.
2. Peritoneum
o A spider-web like membrane that
covers many of the organs.
3. Liver
o The largest structure of the body
cavity. The liver is not primarily an
organ of digestion, it does secrete a
digestive juice called bile. Bile is
needed for the proper digestion of fats.
This brown colored organ is composed
of three lobes.
 Right Lobe
 Left Anterior Lobe
 Left Posterior Lobe
4. Heart
o at the top of the liver, the heart is a
triangular structure.
 Left and Right Atrium – can be
found at the top of the heart.
 A single Ventricle – bottom of the
heart.
 Conus Arteriosus – large vessel
extending out from the heart.
5. Lungs
o Two spongy organs located underneath
and behind the heart and liver.
6. Gall Bladder
o A small green sac under the liver which
stores bile.
7. Stomach
o First major site of chemical digestion
located underneath the liver.
 Pyloric Sphincter Valve –
regulates the exit of digested food
from the stomach to the small
intestine.
8. Small Intestine
o Leading from the stomach which
Absorbs the digested nutrients.
Duodenum, the first straight portion of
the intestine. Ileum, the curled portion.
The ileum is held together by a
membrane called the, mesentery.
9. Large Intestine
o Leads to the cloaca (sewer), which is
the last stop before solid wastes,
sperm, eggs, and urine exit the frog’s
body.
10. Spleen
o Return to the folds of the mesentery,
this dark red spherical object serves as
a holding area for blood.
11. Esophagus
o Return to the stomach and follow it
upward, where it gets smaller is the
beginning of the esophagus. The
esophagus is the tube that leads from
the frog’s mouth to the stomach.
Urogenital System
- frog's reproductive and excretory system is
combined into one system.
 Kidneys - flattened bean shaped organs
located at the lower back of the frog, near
the spine. They are often a dark color. The
kidneys filter wastes from the blood. Often
the top of the kidneys have yellowish
stringy fat bodies attached.
 Testes - in male frogs, these organs are
located at the top of the kidneys, they are
pale colored and round.
 Oviducts - females do not have testes,
though you may see a curly structure
around the outside of the kidney, these are
the oviducts. Oviducts are where eggs are
produced. Males can have structures that
look similar, but serve no actual purpose.
In males, they are called vestigial oviducts.
 Bladder - An empty sac located at the
lowest part of the body cavity. The bladder
stores urine.
 Cloaca - mentioned again as part of the
urogenital system - urine, sperm and eggs
exit here.