MS MAI ENGLISH – 0348160308 – ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS OR B1

TỪ LOẠI VÀ CẤU TRÚC CÂU

I. Danh từ (nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu, sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Ex: Maths is the subject I like best.
N
Yesterday Lan went home at midnight.
N
2. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful....
Ex: She is a good teacher.
Adj N
His father works in hospital.
Adj N
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ
Ex: I like English.
4. Sau “enough”
Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car.
5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no,
some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun)
Ex: This book is an interesting book.
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at......
Ex: Thanh is good at literature.
II. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau
1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N
Ex: My Tam is a famous singer.
2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj
Ex: She is beautiful
Tom seems tired now.
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj
Ex: He makes me happy
O adj
3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj...
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough...
Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball.
5. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that
Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home

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MS MAI ENGLISH – 0348160308 – ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS OR B1

6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau
more, the most, less, as....as)
Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish.
Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class.

7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V

What + (a/an) + adj + N

III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau

1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: often, always, usually,
seldom....)
Ex: They often get up at 6am.
2. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường
Ex: I have recently finished my homework.
TĐT adv V
3. Sau động từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj
Ex: She is very nice.
Adv adj
4. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv
Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly.
5. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough
Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand.
6. Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that
Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
7. Đứng cuối câu
Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
8. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành
phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,)
Ex: Last summer I came back my home country
My parents had gone to bed when I got home.
It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school.
IV. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau
chủ ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề).
Ex: My family has five people.
S V

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I believe her because she always tells the truth.

S V S V
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing,
-age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying,
teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness,
happiness...........
II. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous,
-ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing
Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national,
international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious,
dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy,
sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào
tính từ
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ
Adj Adv
good well
late late/lately
ill ill
fast fast
CẤU TRÚC & CÁC THÀNH PHẦN CƠ BẢN TRONG CÂU
CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU CƠ BẢN
Trước khi đi vào các cấu trúc câu cơ bản trong tiếng Anh, chúng ta cần làm quen với các
ký hiệu viết tắt khi viết cấu trúc trong tiếng Anh.
- S = Subject: Chủ ngữ
- V = Verb: Động từ
- O = Object: Tân ngữ
- C = complement: Bổ ngữ
=> Đây cũng chính là các thành phần chính cấu tạo nên câu.
1. Cấu trúc: S + V
- Ta sẽ bắt gặp một số câu chỉ có duy nhất chủ ngữ và động từ.
Eg: It is raining. (Trời đang mưa.)

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S V
- Những động từ trong cấu trúc câu này thường là những nội động từ (hay còn gọi là
những động từ không cần tân ngữ đi cùng.)
2. Cấu trúc: S + V + O
- Đây là cấu trúc rất thông dụng và hay gặp trong tiếng Anh.
Eg: I like cats. (Tôi thích mèo.)
S V O
- Động từ trong cấu trúc này thường là những ngoại động từ (Hay còn gọi là những động
từ bắt buộc phải có tân ngữ đi kèm.)
3. Cấu trúc: S + V + O + O
Eg: She gave me a gift. (Cô ấy đã đưa cho tôi một món quà.)
S V O O
- Khi trong câu có 2 tân ngữ đi liền nhau thì sẽ có một tân ngữ được gọi là tân ngữ trực
tiếp (Trực tiếp tiếp nhận hành động), và tân ngữ còn lại là tân ngữ gián tiếp (không trực
tiếp tiếp nhận hành động)
Trong ví dụ trên, thì “me” sẽ là tân ngữ gián tiếp và “a gift” sẽ là tân ngữ trực tiếp. Vì
hành động ở đây là “gave” (đưa – cầm cái gì đó bằng tay và đưa cho ai đó) -> Vậy chỉ có
thể cầm “món quà” và “đưa” cho chủ thể là “tôi” nên “món quà” là tân ngữ trực tiếp tiếp
nhận hành động, còn “tôi” là tân ngữ gián tiếp không trực tiếp tiếp nhận hành động.
4. Cấu trúc: S + V + C
Eg: She looks tired. (Cô ấy trông có vẻ mệt mỏi.)
S V C
- Bổ ngữ có thể là một danh từ, hoặc một tính từ, chúng thường xuất hiện sau động từ .
Chúng ta thường gặp bổ ngữ khi đi sau các động từ như:
+ TH1: Bổ ngữ là các tính từ thường đi sau các động từ nối (linking verbs):
Ví dụ:

S V (linking verbs) C (adjectives)

1. She feels/looks/ appears/ seems tired.

2. It becomes/ gets colder.

3. This food tastes/smells delicious.

4. Your idea sounds good.

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5. The number of students remains/stays unchanged.

6. He keeps calm.

7. My son grows older.

8. My dream has come true.

9. My daughter falls asleep.

10. I have gone mad.

11. The leaves has turned red.

+ TH2: Bổ ngữ là một danh từ đi sau các động từ nối (linking verbs)
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:

S V(linking verbs) C (nouns)

1. He looks like a baby

2. She has become a teacher

3. He seems to be a good man

4. She turns a quiet woman

+ TH3: Bổ ngữ là các danh từ chỉ khoảng cách, thời gian hay trọng lượng thường
gặp trong cấu trúc: V + (for) + N (khoảng cách, thời gian, trọng lượng)
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:

S V C (Nouns)

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MS MAI ENGLISH – 0348160308 – ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS OR B1

1. I walked (for) 20 miles.

2. He waited (for) 2 hours.

3. She weighs 50 kilos

4. This book costs 10 dollars

5. The meeting lasted (for) half an hour.

5. Cấu trúc: S + V + O + C
Eg: He considers himself an artist. (Anh ta coi bản thân anh ta là một nghệ sĩ.)
S V O C
- Bổ ngữ trong cấu trúc câu này là bổ ngữ của tân ngữ. Và thường đứng sau tân ngữ.
BÀI TẬP NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI TIẾNG ANH
Exercise 1:
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a
house and a car.
a. decide b. decision c. decisive d. Decisively

2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident .

a. carefully b. careful c. caring d. Careless

3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party .

a. relation b. Relatives c. relationship d. Related

4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a ……….
a. biology b. biologist c. biological d. Biologically

5. She takes the …….. for running the household.

a. responsibility b. responsible c. responsibly d. responsiveness.

6. We are a very close-nit family and very ….. of one another.

a. supporting b. supportive c. support d. Supporter

7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.

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a. responsible b. Responsibility
c. responsibly d. Irresponsible
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. Biologically

9. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom
in….
a. agree b. agreeable c. agreement d. Agreeably

10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide b. confident c. confidently d. Confidence

11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.

a. marry b. married c. marriageable d. Marriage

12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures.

a. diverse b. diversity c. diversify d. Diversification

13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband.
a. attractive b. attraction c.attractiveness d.attractively

14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver.
a. rude b. rudeness c. rudely d. Rudest

15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.

a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. Impoliteness

16. He is unhappy because of his --------------.

a. deaf b. deafen c. deafness d. Deafened

17. His country has -------------- climate.

a. continent b. continental c. continence d. Continentally

18. She has a -------------- for pink.

a. prefer b. preferential c. preferentially d. Preference

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MS MAI ENGLISH – 0348160308 – ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS OR B1

19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities.

a. widely b. wide c. widen d. Width

20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party.

a. comfort b. comfortable c. comforted d. Comfortably

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences below with correct forms of words in brackets.
1. She's very ____ of her success. (pride/proud)
2. I spent much of my ____ living abroad. (childish/childlike/childhood)
3. The ____ was never established. (true/truth/truly)
4. I can't resist chocolate; it's a ____ of mine. (weak/weakly/weakness)
5. In all ____, she won't be able to come. (likely/likelihood)
6. Fog reduced ____ to zero. (visible/visibility/visibly)
7. It was a ____ success. (remark/remarkable/remarkably)
8. He ____ to sack them if they didn't improve. (threat/threaten/threatened)
9. The tiger is in danger of ____. (extinct/extinction)
10. Her ____ was proved in court. (innocence/innocent)
11.We like their ___________________ (friendly).
12.The ________________ between Vietnam and Cuba is good. (friend)
13.They seem to be ________________. We dislike them. (friend)
14.There will be a ___________________ in this street. (meet)
15.We saw ___________________ girls there. (beauty)
16.The garden is ________________ with trees and flowers. (beauty)
17.They enjoy the ___________________ atmosphere here. (peace)
18.The ___________________ unit of currency is the Ringit. (Malaysia)
19. In ___________________, there are other religions. (add)
20.The ___________________ anthem of Viet Nam is sung. (nation)
21.There is an __________ match between Vietnam and Lebanon on VTV3. (nation)
22.The language of ___________________ is Bahasa Malaysia. (instruct)

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23.Ao Dai is the ___________________ dress of Vietnamese women. (tradition)

24. ___________________, Ao Dai is worn by women. (tradition)
25.To Huu is a famous____________ (poetry). His ______________ are interesting.
26.Ao Dai is always ___________________ (fashion)
27.Jeans are ___________________ made from cotton. (complete)
28.The ___________________ from Genoa enjoyed wearing jeans. (work)
29.___________________ of clothes always goes up. (sell)
30.At the ___________________ to the village, we saw the accident. (enter)
31.They had an ___________________ day by the river. (enjoy)
32.They are ___________________ - qualified teachers. (good)
33.We need further ___________________ (inform)
34.This book is very ________________ (inform)
35.Look at the ___________________. Rain Bi looks handsome. (advertise)
36.It is an ___________________ program. (interest)
37.The song is ________________ to me. (interest)
38.We felt ________________ in the show. (interset)
39.English is his ___________________ . (nation)
40.It is cheap. It’s ___________________ (expensive)
41.Libraries are helpful in ________________ children’s love for books. (develop)
42.The Internet has ___________________ developed nowadays. (increase)
43.The Internet is one of the most important ______________ of our life. (invent)
44.Everyone has their ________ which are hardly recognized by themselves. (limit)
45.The website is not _____________ for teenagers. It’s ________________ (use)
46.Their ___________________ is always good. (communicate)
47.She is a ________________ girl. (communicate)
48.Listen ___________________ please. (care)
49.We’re ___________________ that our environment is spoiled. (disappoint)
50.Our boys play ________________ today. (disappoint)

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MS MAI ENGLISH – 0348160308 – ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS OR B1

51.We’re worried about the ___________________ here. (pollute)

52.This river is extremely ___________________. (pollute)
53.A ___________________ faucet may waste 500 liters of water a month. (drip)
54.In Viet Nam, electricity, gas, and water are not only _______ but also _____________
(lux/ need)
55.Her appearance is ________________ today. (need)
56.Farm ___________________ are always exported. (produce)
57.This plant’s ____________ is high, so it attracts a lot of investment. (produce)
58.The ________________ of this machine requires the latest techniques. (produce)
59.This energy-___________________ bulb is not cheap. (save)
60.The ___________________ are requiring us to repair the machines. (consume)
61.Watching Korean films on TV is a time-_____________ activity. (consume)
62.Water ________________ is increasing this summer. (consume)
63.The ___________________ of the model attracts us. (efficient)
64.They are working ______________, so we are _____________. (effect / satisfy)
65.Life always needs a lot of ___________________. (innovate)
66.The ___________________ are cleaning the beach. (conserve)
67.___________________, our environment must be protected. (ultimate)
68.Tet is the most important ___________________ in Viet Nam. (celebrate)
69.Fruits’ festival in Suoi Tien park is a very ___________________ activity. (joy)
70.Look at the ___________________ bulbs. They are so beautiful. (color)
71.My ___________________ are so strong that the word “love” can’t describe them.
(feel)
72.The ______________ ___________ caused a lot of bad effects. (volcano/ erupt)
73.Our _______have not warned our fishermen about the typhoon carefully. (science)
74.A ________________ eruption occurred here last night. (disaster)
75.The beach is full of all kinds of ________________. (pollute)
76.He used all his ____________ to force the door open. STRONG

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MS MAI ENGLISH – 0348160308 – ENGLISH FOR BEGINNERS OR B1

77.The police are interested in the sudden ____________ of the valuable painting.
APPEAR
78.My teacher ____________ me to take this examination. COURAGE
79.Recently health foods have increased in ____________. POPULAR
80.The old lady hid all her ____________ under the floor. SAVE
81.Your money will be refunded if the goods are not to your complete ____________.
SATISFY
82.The council has promised to deal with the problem of _________ among young
people. EMPLOY
83.Tung had eaten so much he had to ____________ his belt. LOOSE
84.The dictionaries are with the other ____________ books. REFER
85.I had to check the wages in ____________ to my normal work. ADD
86.He was very ____________ of the work he had done. PRIDE
87.There is a ____________ of 10% in the amount of money available for buying new
books. REDUCE
88.He is interested in the ____________ old buildings. PRESERVE
89.26. Saucepans are sold in the ____________ goods department. HOUSE
90.'Friends of the Earth' is concerned about the __________ of the natural environment.
CONSERVE
91.Thousands of people have been made ____________ by the war. HOME
92.He wouldn't listen to her repeated _________, so in the end she went. REFUSE
93.The teacher gave his students ____________ to leave the classroom. PERMIT
94.He grew up poor, but he overcame all difficulties and ____________ to become one
of the most successful actors in Vietnam. HARD
95.They said 'good-bye' to each other just because of some minor _________.
UNDERSTAND
96.He is old. He's getting ____, and his _____ often makes a lot of trouble. FORGET
97.This table may break under a lot of ____________. PRESS

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98.Dr. Jones is a well-known ____________. He has written several novels, one of

which was about the ____________ meeting between the great leaders at Yalta in 1945.
HISTORY
99.You should go on a diet. You're a bit ____________. WEIGH
100.The car is a complete write-off. It is quite ______________. REPAIR
101.That little boy has a _____________ of cakes. MOUTH
102.The Saigon Giai Phong is a ____________ newspaper. DAY
103.She is from Tel Aviv. She is ____________. ISRAEL
104.Mary looks ____________ about something. She looks ___________ at everything.
WORRY
105.I can't believe you, what you say is quite ____________. LOGIC
106.He is an _________ doctor who just graduated from the medical school last year.
EXPERIENCE

107.There is a __________ that people nowadays get dressed beautifully. (TEND)

108.___________________ TV is available now. (interact)

109.The ________________ between this computer and the others is good. (interact)
110.The ___________________ of TV is always fast. (develop)
111.He was the _____________(proud) of the school after winning the contest.
112.Disneyland is one of the famous areas of _____________(entertain)
113.He had no _____________(explain) for his absence.
114.We live in a rather rich _____________(neighbor).
115.Television is very _____________(popularity) nowadays.
116.There is no _____________(entertain) in the countryside
117.She has no parents or close _____________(relate)
118.People in the country are often more _____________(friend) than people in the city.
119.Farmers are always faced with _____________(destroy) brought about by typhoons,
floods.

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120.A lot of people believe that well-paying jobs are _____________(plenty) in the city.
121.Increased population is another _____________(please) result.
122.The air is heavily _____________(pollute) with traffic fumes.
123.They made a decision to close down the factory _____________(permanence)
124.Jack thinks her hometown is a very _____________(bore) place. She really gets
_____________(bore) there.
125.The remote desert area is _____________(access) only by helicopter.
126.He is one of the best _____________(photo) in the world.
127.Their first public _____________(perform) was not very successful.
128.The shoes were very nice, but they were _____________(comfort)
129.Hoa and Nien used to be next-door _____________(neighborhood)
130.Surface mail is much _____________(cheap) than airmail
131.I can’t see him now; it’s not _____________(convenience)
132.They are very busy with _____________(celebrate) the Teacher’s Day.
133.Nam thinks the food in this restaurant is _____________(taste)
134._____________, I won’t be able to attend the meeting (fortunate)
135.There is a big _____________(differ) between the new shopping mall and the
present shopping area.

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