2.

Solution
2.1 Introduction:
The mixture is a combination of two or more substances (E.g. Air is a mixture
of gases). There are two types of Mixture
1. Homogeneous Mixture: The mixtures in which the substances are
completely mixed together and are indistinguishable from one another
are called homogeneous mixtures
2. Homogeneous Mixture: It is a mixture in which the composition is not
uniform throughout the mixture

Homogeneous mixture are also called as Solution. True solution consists of a

solvent and one or more solutes.
1. Solute: A substance that can be dissolved into a solution solvent and
make solution.
2. Solvent: A substance that dissolves the solute and make solution.

2.2 Types of solutions:

The solute and the solvent may be in any of three states namely, solid, liquid
or gas. The solutions thus may involve any combination of these three states of
their components. This gives rise to nine types of solutions depending on the states
of solute and solvent.

Sr. State of State of

Example
No. Solute Solvent
1 Solid Liquid Sugar (Solute) in Water (Solvent)
2 Solid Solid Metal alloys i.e. Brass made up of Copper (Solute)
and tin (Solvent)
3 Solid Gas Smoke
4 Liquid Liquid Methanol (Solute) in water (Solvent)
5 Liquid Solid Amalgams of mercury with metals as mercury in
silver
6 Liquid Gas Chloroform (Solute) in Nitrogen (Solvent)
7 Gas Liquid Carbonated Water i.e. Soda [CO2 (Solute) in Water
(Solvent)]
8 Gas Solid H2 (Solute) in Platinum (Solvent)
9 Gas Gas Air
2.3 Capacity of solution to dissolve solute:
If we add a solute to a solvent. It dissolves easily at first. Then Solvent
required more solute for dissolution. If we continue the addition of solute, the
dissolution stops. The solution at this point is said to be saturated. In a saturated
solution, no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
E.g. If you add enough sugar to water, you can form a saturated solution. You'll
know you've reached the saturation point when the sugar stops dissolving.
A solution containing greater than amount of solute is said to be
supersaturated solution. Such solutions are unstable. The precipitation occurs by
the addition of a tiny crystal of solute and the supersaturated solution changes to
saturated solution.