HIGHER EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

LEARNING MODULE 3 IN SPC-TLE 2

(Edukasyong Pangtahanan at Pangkabuhayan at Entrepreneurship)

Mrs. Haidee S. Calumpang, M. Ed.

INSTRUCTOR

Module Number 3
Module Title SPC-TLE 2 (Edukasyong Pangtahanan at Pangkabuhayan at Entrepreneurship)
Duration 2 hours per week
Week Number 3
Date August 30-Sept. 2, 2022
TOPIC:

EFFECTIVE HOME MANAGEMENT

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

1. understand what powers the machinery of homemaking

2. know the phases of home management process.
3. appreciates the family’s real income and family’s money income.

INTRODUCTION

What powers the machinery of homemaking into action? What enables your parents to manage the home and the
family smoothly?

Management in the home is the strong force that puts the homemaking process in motion and keeps it going. It is
a planned activity directed toward the satisfaction of needs and the attainment of goals within the home. Home
management applies knowledge concerning all aspects of family problems. Knowledge and scientific findings on a family
life using the family resources to meet living situations and to solve family problems. Knowledge and scientific findings on
family life applied by home management in the attainment of family goals cover economic, psychological, social, physical,
technological and spiritual aspects.

_DISCUSSION

The Home Management Process

The following is a graphic representation of what home management does in homemaking.

HOME MANAGEMENT

IS

PLANNING COORDINATIING CONTROLLING DIRECTING EVALUATING

The Use of Family Resources

 As shown in the chart, home management is planning, coordinating, controlling, directing, guiding, and evaluating
the use of the resources of the family, human and material, for the purpose of attaining goals. This chart also shows means
to achieve the family goals. The human resources that may be used by the family are:

1. abilities – both inherited and acquired

2. attitudes – opinions or feelings that motivate or retard actions
3. knowledge – facts and relationships
4. energy – the power of members of the family to carry on activities

The material resources are:

1. Time – this refers to both long and short durations during which activities occur:
2. Money – which is used by the family in exchange for commodities, service and mechanical power.
3. Community facilities and services provided by social groups such as police protection, hospital facilities,
schools, roads, and markets.

The amount of the above mentioned resources of the family differs from one family to another. Families or
individuals have to work with different amounts and combinations of resources. Money available, for instance, is not
stable but it depends on the capacities of individuals or families to earn it. The energy resources in place of human energy
can solve problems of varying human energy resources in a family.

The resourceful homemaker will seek new ways to improve her management of the home. To conserve human
energy, for instance she may try using simple, and easy-to-prepare but nutritious meals for the family instead of the
elaborate meals that eat up most of the time and energy of the family member earning the money to pay for them.

Management problems in the home are often solved by the cooperative attitudes of the members of the family. In
many average Filipino homes today, full-time household helpers with the chores only during the daytime when all the
children are in school and the husband and the wife are out working. After five o-clock, some helpers go to night schools.
Household chores supposed to be done after five o’clock are cooperatively performed by the members of the family.

Phases of the Home Management Process

The process of management is a series of activities which is both progressive and dynamic. These activities
involve planning, coordinating, controlling, directing, guiding, and evaluating the said activities.

PLANNING – this phase of the activity enables the individual to work out ways of using resources and of reaching the
desired goal, following each plan in his imagination, and selecting the plan that promises to bring in the best result.

In planning, we use our powers of thinking, memory, observation, reasoning, and imagination. One uses his past
experiences through his power to remember facts, through imagination. He arranges facts into new relationships and
patterns; by reasoning, he sees the relationships between facts.

Putting the plan into action and carrying it to the completion requires both control and decision-making. As the
work goes forward, decisions about adjusting the plans must be made.

COORDINATING – Coordinating in management is a means of unifying the activities in and parts of an enterprise or plan
into a harmonious and workable whole. This phase of management enables the individuals working together to
understand the nature of the whole set-up and thus hopefully understand the need for the cooperation of everybody
concerned in order to achieve the best results.
CONTROLLING – Control is needed for both leadership and membership in the group in order to attain the desired goals.
A member of the family, usually the father or mother, plans with the other members to make sure that the family resources
are not wasted.

The plans made may changed as the need arises. Control means that some desires may be sacrificed or temporarily put
aside for a more important need or want.

Whenever a resource is limited and alternative uses of other resources must be planned, control in management comes in
reducing and eliminating waste of resources and is brought about through exercising control.

GUIDING and DIRECTING – Directing and guiding in management help put plans into operation. Getting action from
one’s self as well as from others, and keeping resources moving along useful channels require capable direction and
guidance. This phase of home management is concerned with giving of instructions for doing specific tasks in order to
gain results.

EVALUATING – Evaluating is a check-up process which may help one to move forward advantageously. If the goals set by
the family are definite and clear cut, the evaluation process calls for: 1) checking on the efficiency of the process, 2)
checking the quality of the results or end-products, and 3) checking the effect of the process on the individual. On all the
three points, judgement requires a sound basis. The bases for evaluation are the goals set up for some management
problems.

The Family Income and Expenditures – Family income is that stream of money, goods, services and satisfactions that
come under the control of the family to be used to satisfy needs and desires and to discourage obligations. The family
income conditions family living through the food, clothing, and shelter standard which will provide the family the comfort
and satisfactions derived from its use.

The total family income consists of the following types:

1) Money income 2) real income, and 3) psychic income.

Money income is the buying power of the peso that goes into the family’s treasury in a given period of time. It
takes the form of salaries, wages, dividends income from farm products sold, and royalties. Money is used by the family in
exchange for goods and services needed for everyday living. A portion of this money income is kept as savings for future
use; some portion is used for investing purposes.

Real income is the flow of goods and services used for available for any given period of time. Real income includes
the family’s money income and the income derived from the services of family members. The services rendered by the
family-owned property and possessions are also considered part of the family’s real income.
 The elements of the family’s real income and the relation between real income and money income has been shown
as follows:

I. “Real” income or good available for consumption during a period of time.

A. Goods that may available without use of current money income. Food and fuel furnished bu a garden.
“Use” of house, its furniture and equipment, automobiles, and other durable goods.

Services of housewife and other members of the family.

“Free” goods and services from public schools, health center, park, and libraries.

“These goods are paid for by means of taxes.”

B. Goods that may be purchased by use of money.

Foods, drinks, and tobacco.

Clothing
Upkeep and operation of house, its furniture and equipment
Use of house when not owned
Personal supplies and services
Upkeep and operation of cars or other family vehicles
Books, periodicals, educational facilities
Medical services and supplies
Plays, concerts, movies, and other forms of recreation

II. Reserves for replacements, in additions, improvements, and other savings.

III. Gifts, contribution, income tax, etc.

Real income varies from one family group to another and from time to time in a given group.

The services rendered by the family members are often overlooked but which are very important forms of real
income. The services of the efficient homemaker, for instance, can do much toward increasing the family’s realized
income. The daily use of the homemaker’s knowledge of buying preparing, and storing food saves much of the current
income for other purposes. Services rendered by the members of the family like the husband’s driving his own car, the
children’s cleaning, gardening, and other chores are factors thar save much of the family’s money income.

Another form of real income consists of such items as food, produced in gardens and farms. Much money income
is saved by the palay we produce on our farms or the vegetables we grow in our own backyard gardens. When produced in
excess of what the family can actually use, these items are sold and the money realized is a part of the money income of the
family.

Still another form of real income is the service derived from the use of durable goods owned by the family such as
its house, equipment, and its vehicles.

The community provides the other form of real income for the family through libraries, the school, public roads
and bridges, parks, police protection, radio and television programs, and health centers. The family that makes use of these
facilities increases its realized income because it does not have to spend part of its money income for the use of such
facilities.

Psychic income is that flow of satisfaction that arises out of our everyday experiences. Psychic income is derived
largely form the use of money and real income resulting in the psychic, mental, emotional and physical well-being of the
family. It is not as tangible as income from the products from the farms, but is the most important income of all in terms of
the quality of living. How the family income is used to satisfy the family’s needs, desires, and responsibilities is a major
family function. Satisfaction and accomplishment for each member of the family can be realized throughout life if income is
managed with patience, justice and understanding of needs.

Home Management

Home management is planning, coordinating, controlling, guiding, directing and evaluating the use of the family’s
human and non-human resources for the purpose of attaining family goals.
 There are two types of family resources that are used to attain family goals. They are: the human resources and
the non-human or material resources.

The human resources of the family are:

1. Abilities – both innate and acquired
2. Attitudes – opinions or feelings that motivate actions
3. Knowledge – both pure facts and relationships
4. Energy – the power of members of the family to carry on activities

The non-human or material resources are:

1. Time – both long and short durations during which activities take place.
2. Money – used by the family in exchange for commodities, services, and mechanical power.
3. Community facilities and services – these are provided by the social groups, such as police protection, hospital
facilities, schools, roads, markets, etc.

The family needs that should be attended to in managing a home are:

1. Food – one of the most important goals that a family strives to attain is the good health of all family members.
Property chosen and food prepared for the family is the basic need for the attainment of these goals.
For good health, the family should eat the following groups of food:
a.) “Go” foods or the energy-giving foods like rice, corn, bread, noodles, oil, margarine, butter, coconut
milk, nuts, and root crops. These foods give the body energy and strength for work and play.
b.) “Grow” foods or body-building foods like, fish, meat, eggs, milk, beans, and other seafoods. These
foods make children grow and repair the worn-out tissues of the body.
c.) “Glow” foods or the regulating and protective foods like fruits and vegetables.
These are the leafy, green and yellow vegetables like malunggay, pepper leaves, tagabang, upo,
alogbati, squash, etc. Other vegetables like upo, radish, patola are also gloe foods. All fruits belong to
this group of foods.

2. Clothing – One of the basic needs of the family is clothing. We need clothes to protect us from the elements thus
promoting health and to keep us decent and modest, and for adornment.
Clothing is worn. Appropriate clothing—
■ Suits the occasion

■ Is becoming to the wearer

■ Is within one’s financial capacity to buy

■ Is comfortable

■ Is suited to the weather conditions

■ Is the accepted style of the time.

■ Suits the personality of the wearer.

3. Shelter – housing is also one of the basic needs of a family. Family members should live in housing conditions
that adequately protect their health and safety.
4. Health and Sanitation – the rapid increase of population brings about problems of health and sanitation.
Overcrowding forces people to live in unhealthful places along the banks of polluted rivers, around public
markets, and near wharves.

Disease prevention and control are a very important part of the family’s contribution to community health.
Garbage must be disposed properly. Toilet facilities should be adequate and sanitary.

5. Education of Children – the proper education of children is a responsibility of parents. Our Constitution provides
for at least free public elementary education for all Filipinos.
The Family Budget

The family budget is a plan for spending family income. As previously mentioned, it is planned and directed by the
husband and wife at the early stages of family life. As the children get old enough to understand family finances, they share
in the planning and implementation to the budget. Planning the budget is easy enough with most families in the low-
income level. But implementing it requires a lot of personal discipline and self-control by the members of the family.
The family sets up its own pattern of expenditures which represents their desired life. The expenditure patterns
of most families usually consist of big groups of planned expenses items such as those for food, clothing, shelter or housing,
education, medical expenses, recreation, and savings. Percentages of the total income of the family are allocated to each big
family expenditures. For low-income families, the largest percentage of the total income goes to food. The percentage used
for the various planned expenses varies with the money income for their education depends on their level of education
and the kind of school they attend. The steps in family budgeting are:

1. Estimating total income – money income of the family members from salaries, houses, wages, pensions,
interests, investments, money realized from products of the farm, rentals from real estate properties, are all
listed down and added.
2. The total fixed expenses are then estimated – These include rental for the house, apartment or lot, operating
expenses like electricity, water, telephone, taxes, payment of loans, insurance premiums, etc. These are
expenses that are fixed and have to be met at particular periods during the year.
3. Subtracting total fixed expenses from the total expected income.
4. Listing of family income.
food medical expenses
clothing recreation
education savings

5. Apportioning the remainders of the expected income among the listed expected family expenses. For low-
income families, the greatest percentage of the total income goes to food. When there are children of school
ages, the percentage of the income for their education depends on the level of education they are in and the
kind of school they attend.

REFERENCE

1. Home Technology and Livelihood Education, Mr. Salvador D. Dagoon, Ms. Haidee B. Lanada, Rex Bookstore, copyright 1993.