Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the unit, the students must have:
1. define what is household and household resource management
2. understand the duties and responsibilities of a home manager
3. identify the resources of the family
4. understand what is resource management
What is a household?
A group of people, each with different abilities and needs, who live together most
of the time and contribute to a common economy, and share the food and other
income derived from the common economic activities.
What is Management?
- is simply defined as the process of using what you have (in the best way) to
achieve what you want.
MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
“Concept “means an idea or theory.
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
What is Management Process?
Decision making
- Decision making can be regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the
selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision
making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion
of choice.
- Decision making is an essential leadership skill. If you can learn how to make
timely, well considered decisions, then you can lead
Prioritizing Expenses
The family expenses for a given period are generally classified into Needs and
Wants. Needs are expense items that the family members cannot do without. Needs
include food, housing, health maintenance, and education of the children.
Planning Meals.
With a limited budget for family expenses, it is important to be able to decide on
what food to serve the family. Homemakers should be guided by this basic rule: buy
foods that are high in nutritive value but are inexpensive.
You can adapt the familiar five-step decision making process to decide which program
or service to assess.
Gathering/processing information.
Next, the decision maker collects or processes information that can help guide
the decision. If such information is already at hand, then it simply needs to be
processed; that is, studied and understood by the decision maker. If there is no
relevant information available, or if there is insufficient information, then such
Types of Decisions
Strategic – relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests and
the means of achieving them
Organizational – relating to the way different aspects and parts of a group are
arranged with the aim of being more orderly and efficient
Operational – relating to the way a group or organization works on a daily basis
HOME MANAGER
What is a Home Manager?
A person who is in charge of the place from which a person, thing, etc. comes
originally.
Capabilities, Intelligence, and Skills Every - person has his or her unique ability
and intelligence in a way that improves not only himself or herself but also others.
Strength/Energy - The strength of a person does not only mean having good
health and strong body. It also means having emotional stability, mental
alertness, and having reasonable commitment and positive outlook in life,
especially in work that improves self and society. Strength is also needed to
accomplish tasks on time in order to play, entertain, and relax with the family
afterwards.
2. Material Resources – Tangible assets such as house and lot, furniture and
appliances, jewelry, automobiles, and cash are referred to as the family’s material
resources. Every family must invest wisely in material resources, making sure that
they consider quality, durability, and appreciation value when choosing what to
purchase. Real properties and jewelry increase in value over time while the value of
furniture, appliances, and automobiles depreciate or go down as they get old and
worn out.
3. Non-material Resources – Time, health, and experience are intangible resources but
are also important. Without non-material resources, family members will be unable
to perform their duties and responsibilities at home, in school, and at work.
Non-material Resources
Time – Is very important - it is the resource that cultivates cooperation, fulfillment
of the prescribed duties, and smart maintenance of homes. This is used to start
and finish the work without giving burden to the body or resentment to the
person.
Health – The health of family members is important. When family members are in
good health, they can do their duties without delay.
Experience – The more experience a family member has, the more likely he or
she will get hired and be paid a good amount for his or her services. So, job or
work experience is an important non-material resource to have.
Time /Energy management – There are some tasks that require only little time
and energy to accomplish. Take these things into consideration when scheduling
• Skills and interests of family members. Allow members of the family to express their
preferred task according to their interests and skills. Rotation of tasks can be
implemented on a weekly or bimonthly basis.
• Consider the health, age, and abilities of each member.
• Assign tasks based on the availability of the members.
• Coordination among all the family members for the improvement of family resources to
ensure attainment of all goals.
Family resources
It is also the process that family can use to cope with difficult situations; include
the following resources:
Social resources - strong social support network which may include spouse,
children, parents, siblings, neighbors, co-workers and others
Cultural resources - cultural values which can influence an individual or family's
ability to care for the sick and cope with stress e.g. optimism, familialism,
approach vs avoidance style, etc.
Religious resources - spiritual beliefs, practices and support services
Economic resources - family's income and savings
Educational resources - level of formal education attained by an individual which
allows him to understand the patient's condition and give him appropriate care
Medical resources - accessibility to medical facilities and adequacy of help from
healthcare providers
Educational resources
- are the resources which are freely accessible, openly licensed text, media, books,
videos, games, news, and other digital assets which is used for acquiring
knowledge, teaching, sharing your knowledge, learning as well as for research
purposes
B. Financial Resources
- Financial resources are the funds required for the smooth operations of a school.
- In school administration, funds are necessary for the procurement of facilities,
equipment, electronics and communication gadget needed for effective
performance.
- Apart from this, funds are needed to pay the salaries of administrative, academic
and non- academic staff.
- Plan and policy implementation are responsive to funds availability.
- Financial Management in Schools:
Financial management covers such areas as the procurement of funds,
their allocation, monitoring their use in the interest of accountability and
producing financial reports for the relevant stakeholders.
Financial management is, therefore, an integral part of the responsibility as
an education manager because, without good financial management
practices, schools would find it difficult to achieve their goals.
C. Time Resources:
- Time is a unique resource.
- Time is the most expensive of all resources due to its non- recoverable nature.
- The use of time is one of the parameters to measure an effective school
administration.
- In a school system, time is managed through the use of a time table.
- Consequently, time management stands as an effective tool necessary for the
organizations effectiveness in realization of set out objectives and goals
(Ugwulashi, 2012).
- Significance of Time Management in School Administration: and Goals
Setting Priorities
General Life Improvement Reducing Stress and Negativity
Productivity and Performance.
Developing Employees\
D. Human Resources
- ‘’All activities of any institution are initiated by the persons that make up that
institution’’. -Likert (1969)
- Human resource constitutes a vital vein of any institution.
- The human resource in the school system includes teachers, support staff in the
school, students, parents, community members and a host of other interest and
social groups.
F. Community Resources:
- Community resources are both human and non- human materials that are within
the geographical milieu of teachers and learners.
- The human community resources include teachers, learners, curriculum
developers, parents and other members of the society.
- Every community no matter how large of small holds cultural, natural, human and
technological resources that can be utilized by the students and teachers.
IDENTIFICATION OF RESOURCE
In-service training and refreshing courses should be organized on regular basis
for school’s administrators and personnel in all the institutions.
Individual personnel in the school should develop a positive attitude in the use of
the physical facilities provided for the Schools.
Government at various levels, educational administrators and planners should
mount special campaigns presumably through special appeal or the use of the
press to create awareness of the importance and the need for proper utilization
and maintenance of school resources.
Conclusion
Management
Is a key to happy living.
Management does not have a general rigid set of rules and actions, but it is a set
of flexible responses to a particular situation. Management can be defined as a planned,
dynamic and continuous activity directed towards the realization of values and the goals
of the institution or individual.
Values
Goal
Goal is more specific than a value and hence can be easily defined and
understood. It is an objective or purpose to be attained and towards the achievement of
which the policies and procedures of the programme are fashioned.
Standards
Are a set of measures of values, stemming from our value patterns, determining
the amount and kind of interest we have in something and the satisfaction we receive
from them. They serve as a measure or criterion for the measurement of objects, ways
of doing things and ways of living as we make judgments.
Resources
Are the assets that can be used to accomplish the desired goals of an individual
or a group or an institution. Resources are the means for achieving goals or for meeting
the demands placed upon the family by certain events.
Family
Is the most important primary group. Some of the important definitions given by
sociologists are given here.
Most of the resources have alternative uses it is essential to view the standpoint
of the family as a whole while allocating the resources rather than relating to one is
individual member of the family. Focusing on family as the managerial unit implies than
the decisions made are feasible for group. These should be democratic decision making
process where all family members are involved. It is an effective means for committing
family members to the family goals and it provides an invaluable opportunity for every
family member to learn through participation.
Family resource management is only a means to an end and not an end by itself.
The psychosocial aspect of the family is also very important and determine the ends
chosen by the family. The management in family is concerned with all members of the
family and is interwoven with the family and group relations.
The family as a group should be the reference point and effective management is
possible with satisfactory relationships within the group management is next to
satisfactory relationship is the family members. Home management makes significant
contributions to the family relationships by providing a favorable background for family
living. Another way of maintaining family relationships is through sharing of the family
values through the managerial activities. Hence the family would make specific
decisions concerning the use of resources aimed at improving the family relationships.