Measurement

- is a process or method of quantifying a property like mass, length, time, temperature and etc.
- every measurement always has uncertainty.

Uncertainty or Error
- Absolute error indicates the maximum difference between the measured value and the true value.

Absolute Error = VTrue - VMeasured

- Relative error is defined as the ratio of the absolute error of the measurement to the true value.

VTrue - VMeasured
Relative Error =
VTrue

- Percent error is the difference between measured value and the true value in comparison to the true value and is expressed
as a percentage

VTrue - VMeasured
Percent Error = × 100
VTrue

Accuracy - refers to how close a measured value to the true value.

Precision - is a measure of how closely individual experiments agree with one another.

Prefix used with SI Units

Prefix Symbol Multiplier Exponent form
exa E 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 1018
peta P 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 1015
tera T 1, 000, 000, 000, 000 1012
giga G 1, 000, 000, 000 109
mega M 1, 000, 000 106
kilo k 1, 000 103
hector h 100 102
deca da 10 101
Basic Unit 1 100
deci D 0.1 10-1
centi C 0.01 10-2
milli M 0. 001 10-3
micro µ 0. 000, 001 10-6
nano n 0. 000, 000, 001 10-9
pico p 0. 000, 000, 000, 001 10-12
femto f 0. 000, 000, 000, 000, 001 10-15
atto a 0. 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 001 10-18