PRESENT PERFECT

- For actions that started in the past and continue in the present.
Ex: I have worked here for 7 years now.
- For experiences (no time reference)
Ex: Mary has seen a ghost.
- For finished actions with a present result.
Ex: I´m tired as I have run for hours…

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

I
YOU have + participle Haven’t + participle Have I/you/we/they +
WE (have listened) Have not + pple pple..?
THEY (have gone)
HE
SHE has + participle Hasn´t + particple Has he/she/it + pple…?
IT Has not + pple

TIME REFERENCES
- FOR Ex: I have lived here for 20 years
- SINCE Ex: I have lived here since 1991
- YET (-/?) Ex: I haven’t finished my report yet.
- NEVER Ex: I have never been to Europe.
- EVER (?) Ex: Have you ever eaten sushi?
- ALREADY Ex: I have already finished my homework
- JUST/RECENTLY Ex: I have just sent the email.
- SO FAR Ex: I have written 10 letters so far.
- HOW LONG..? EX: How long have you been here?