Engr. Elesio Fuentes Camiller III, M.

Eng
9 DERIVATIVES OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

d
[ au ] = au lna u’
dx

d
[ eu ] = eu u’
dx

d v
[ u ] = vuv–1 u’ + uv lnu v’
dx
EXAMPLE 24 Derivative of Exponential Function

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

a. y=3 y’ = au lna u’ = 3 ln3 (–2x) = –2x(3 𝒙𝟐

)ln3

b. f(x) = esin3x f'(x) = eu u’ = esin3x (cos3x)(3) = 3esin3x cos3x

c. y=x y’ = vuv–1 u’ + uv lnu v’

y’ = x2 x (1) + x lnx (2x1)

y’ = x + 2x lnx

y’ = x + 2x lnx
𝐱𝟐 𝟏
y’ = x (1 + 2lnx)
10 DERIVATIVE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

d u′ d – u′
[ sin u] =
– 1 [ cos u] =
– 1
dx 1 – u2 dx 1 – u2

d u′ d – u′
[ sec– 1 u] = [ csc u] =
– 1
dx u u2 – 1 dx u u2 – 1

d u′ d – u′
[ tan– 1 u] = [ cot – 1 u] =
dx 1 + u2 dx 1 + u2
EXAMPLE 22 Derivative of Inverse Trigonometry Functions

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

d u′ 2 2
a. [arcsin(2x)] = = =
dx 1 – u2 1 – (2x)2 1 – 4x2

d u′ 3 3
b. [tan (3x)] =
–1 = =
dx 1 + u2 1 + (3x) 2
1 + 9x2

d – u′ –(–5) 5
c. [arccsc (–5x)] = = =
dx u u2 – 1 (–5x) (–5x)2 – 1 5x 25x2– 1

1
=
x 25x2 – 1
8 DERIVATIVE OF INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

d u′ d u′
[ sinh u] = 2
–1 [ cosh u] = 2
–1
dx u +1 dx u –1

d – u′ d – u′
[ sech–1 u] = [ csch u] =
–1
dx u 1 – u2 dx u 1 + u2

d u′ d u′
[ tanh–1 u] = [ coth–1 u] =
dx 1 – u2 dx 1 – u2
EXAMPLE 23 Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

d u′ 2 2
a. [arcsinh(2x)] = 2 = =
dx u +1 (2x)2 + 1 4x2 + 1

d u′ 3x 2
3x 2
=
[tanh (x )] = 1 – (x3)2 = 1 – x6
b. –1 3
dx 1 – u2
EXAMPLE 23 Derivative of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

d – u′ –(2)
c. [sech (2x – 1)]
–1 = =
dx u 1 – u2 (2x – 1) 1 –(2x – 1)2
–2 –2
= =
(2x – 1) 1 – (4x2 – 4x + 1 ) (2x – 1) –4x2 + 4x
–2 –2
= =
(2x – 1) 4x(–x + 1) (2x – 1)(2) x(–x + 1)

–1
=
(2x – 1) x(–x + 1)
11 HIGHER – ORDER DERIVATIVES
f’(x) dy d
First Derivative y' [ f(x)] Dx [y]
dx dx

d2 y d2
Second Derivative y'' f’’(x) [ f(x)] Dx2 [y]
dx2 dx2

y''' f’’’(x) d3 y d3 Dx3 [y]

Third Derivative [ f(x)]
dx3 dx3

d4 y d4
Fourth Derivative y(4) f(4)(x) [ f(x)] Dx4 [y]
dx4 dx4

d ny dn
nth Derivative y(n) f(n)(x) [ f(x)] Dxn [y]
dxn dxn
EXAMPLE 24 Finding a Higher – Order Derivative

QUESTION: Differentiate the following functions:

a. f(x) = 2x2 f’(x) = 4x f’’(x) = 4

d3 d2 d
b. [10x ] = 2[60x5 ] = [300x4 ] =1200x3
6
dx3
dx dx

c. Dx3 [–5x8 + 25x–2 – 12] = Dx2 [–40x7 – 50x–3 ] = Dx [–280x6 + 150x–4 ]

= –1680x5 – 600x–5
11 HIGHER – ORDER DERIVATIVES

Application:

Position function s(t)

Velocity function v(t) = s’(t)

Acceleration function a(t) = v’(t) = s’’(t)

EXAMPLE 25 Finding a Higher – Order Derivative

QUESTION: A car is running with a position function s(t) = – 0.81t2 + 2 in meters.

If time is equivalent to 10 seconds, find its:
a. position b. velocity c. acceleration

a. position b. velocity c. acceleration

s(t) = – 0.81t2 + 2 v(t) = s’(t) = – 1.62t a(t) = v’(t) = – 1.62

s(10) = – 0.81(10)2 + 2 = – 1.62(10) a(t) = – 1.62 m/s2

s(10) = – 81 + 2 v(t) = – 16.2 m/s

s(10) = – 79m