ORAL COM: LESSON 1
VARIOUS COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES  It is more restricted unlike a casual conversation
 Various strategies can be used to be able to
communicate effectively.
 For a communicative exchange to be successful,
one must use different ways to get their messages
across.
 These strategies are used to work around
problems encountered in actual conversation.
NOMINATION
 This strategy is used to open a conversation.
 A speaker carries out nomination to establish a
topic with the person whom he/she is talking to.
 Collaboratively and productively establish a topic.
 NOMINATE - to appoint or propose (a topic)
o Example: “Hi Carmen! Have you heard
the latest news about Kathryn and
Daniel’s breakup?
RESTRICTION
 This pertains to any limitation you may use as a
speaker.
 As a speaker, you may discuss only what is related
to the topic.
 For example, teacher asks you to brainstorm on
peer pressure
 The topic can only be about peer pressure,
nothing else; thus, the teacher is restricting or
limiting the topics, you can have a speaker.
 All participants should have noted and accepted
the topic introduced and keep it all throughout
discussion.
 RESTRICT - put a limit on; keep under control.
o Example: “I’m sorry but your question is
not a part of the lesson. Please reserve
that for the next topic. We are out of time
for that discussion.”
TURN-TAKING
 It refers to the process in which people decide who
take the conversational floor.
 The primary goal of this is to give everyone a
chance to speak.
 Giving all communicators a chance to speak.
 TURN TAKING - alternately or in succession.
o Example: “Yes, you are raising your hand.
Do you want to say something?”
TOPIC CONTROL
 It covers how procedural or informality affects the
development of topic conversation.
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with a friend in a street wherein you may take the
conversational floor anytime.
 When a topic is initiated, should be developed by
avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shift.
 CONTROL - to exercise restraining or regulating
o Examples: during court trial, senate and
congress hearing, debate, and etc. You
may involve yourself in conversation
without dominating the conversation by
using minimal responses like “Yes,”
“Okay,” “Go on,” and asking tag questions
like, “You are excited, aren’t you?”
TOPIC SHIFTING
 It Involves moving from one topic to another.
 It is where one part of the conversation ends and
another begins.
 “By the way,” “In addition to what you have said,”
“Which remind me of” and the like are transition
signals that can be used
 SHIFT - move or cause to move from one place to
another
o Example: “You have mentioned living
organisms. Do you know that planet
Venus has living organisms discovered by
the scientists lately?”
REPAIR
 This pertains on how the speaker addresses the
problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending in a conversation.
 “a self-righting mechanism in any social
interaction” (Schegloff et al, 1977)
 REPAIR - fix or mend
o Example: “Everyone please calm down. I think
we need to give chance for everyone to speak.
Can we do that?”
TERMINATION
 It refers to close-initiating of the participants
in the conversation.
 The topic initiator takes responsibility to signal
the end of the discussion.
 The speaker may say “Good bye.”, “Thank
you” and the like.
 TERMINATE - bring to an end.
o Example: “It’s really nice conversing
with you but I think it’s already late.
See you next time, bye!”
 ORAL COM: LESSON 1

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