MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

Project Report
On
“Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and
collect information on how to manage them”

DIPLOMA
In
ELECTRONIS &COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Submitted by
MR.MARUTI KRUSHNA PATIL
MR. OMKAR SHIVAJI PATIL
MR. PRATIK PARASHRAM YADDUKAR
MR.ABDULREHMAN NAIKWAD

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs.R.R.Gore
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC,

MAHAGAON ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024
 SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL &RESEARCH CENTER, MAHAGAON
“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC”
A/P –MAHAGAON, SITE –CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR

Certificate
This is to that the following students of FIFTH semester of Diploma in ELECTRONICS
&COMPUTER ENGINEERING of Institute SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL
POLYTECHNIC,MAHAGAON-416503. (CODE-0965) has completed Micro project
“Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and collect
information on how to manage them”
satisfactory in subject EST subject Code 22447 academic year 2023to 2024as prescribed in
the curriculum.

ROLL NO ENROLLMENT NO SEAT NO STUDENT NAME

20 2209650460
MR. PRATIK PARASHRAM YADDULKAR
09 2109650195 MR.MARUTI KURSHNA PATIL

20 2209650463 MR. OMKAR SHIVAJI PATIL

03 2109650180 MR.ABDULREHMAN NAIKWAD

DATE: - -2023 PLACE: MAHAGAON

Mrs.R.R.Gore Mr.M.P.Patil Mrs.R.S. Patil

(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Principal)
 INDEX

SR NO CONTENTS PAGE NO

1 Aim of the Micro-Project 1

2 Rationale 3

3 Course Outcomes Achieved 3

4 Literature Review 3

5 Actual Methodology Followed 4

6 Actual Resources Used 4

7 Skills Developed 11

8 Applications of Micro Project 11

9 Conclusion 12
 Part-A

Micro-Project Proposal

1.0 Aim of the Micro-Project:

“Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and
collect information on how to manage them”

2.0 Intended Course Outcomes:

a. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

3.0 Proposed methodology:

I. Enlist the polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution.
II. Study the sources, causes and effects of them.
III. Collect information on how to manage them.
IV. Write down the ways to manage them.
V. Prepare the final report

1
4.0 Action Plan:

Name of
Sr. Planned Planned
Details of Activity responsible
No. Start Date Finish Date
Team members

Identify the requirements of the

1
project.

2 Design the structure of the project.

Collect information regarding

3
different polluted natural resources.
Collect information on how to
4
manage them.

5 Check each information correctly.

6 Prepare the final report.

5.0 Resources Required:

S. No. Resources required Specifications

1 Computer system Intel(R) Pentium CPU, RAM 4 GB

2 Operating System Windows 10, 64 Bit Operating System

3 Software’s Microsoft word.

2
 Part-B

1.0 Rationale:
The world today is facing the biggest challenge of survival. Degradation of
ecosystem, depletion of natural resources, increasing levels of pollution pose major
threat to the survival of mankind. The need of the hour, therefore, is to concentrate on
the area of environmental aspects, which shall provide an insight into various
environmental related issues. Environmental studies are an interdisciplinary academic
field that integrates physical, chemical and biological sciences, with the study of the
environment. It provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to
the study of environmental system and gives an insight into solutions of
environmental problems.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project:

“Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and
collect information on how to manage them”

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved:

a. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

4.0 Literature Review:

Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. The major
kinds of pollution, usually classified by environment, are air pollution, water
pollution, and land pollution. Pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the
environment and wildlife and often impacts human health and well-being.By the
middle of the 20th century, an awareness of the need to protect air, water, and land
environments from pollution had developed among the general public. Now its has
become necessary to manage the polluted natural resources.

3
5.0 Actual Methodology Followed:
The Micro-project aims to study polluted natural resources responsible for pollution
and how to manage them.
I. Enlist the polluted.
II. Study their sources, causes and effects.
III. Write down information on how to manage them.
IV. Prepare the final report.

6.0 Actual Resources Used:

S. No. Resources required Specifications

1 Computer system Intel(R) Pentium CPU, RAM 4 GB
2 Operating System Windows 10, 64 Bit Operating System
3 Software’s Microsoft Word

7.0 Introduction to Natural Resources:

Natural resources are resources that exist without any actions of humankind. This includes
the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value,
scientific interest and cultural value. Common examples of natural resources include air,
sunlight, water, soil, plants, animals and fossil fuels. There are various methods of
categorizing natural resources. These include the source of origin, stage of development, and
by their renewability. Biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources
are examples of resources that are classified into different types.

4
 Fig 7.0.1

8.0 Pollution:
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants or harmful materials into the natural
environment that cause adverse change. These harmful materials are called pollutants.
Pollutants damage the quality, of air, water and land.
Pollution is a global problem. When vital natural resources are polluted, all forms of life are
threatened.

9.0 Polluted Natural Resources:

There are 3 main polluted natural resources on which the survival of all biotic
components of the environment depends -
1. Air
2. Water
3. Soil

1. Air :
Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of
humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. Air pollution
may cause diseases, allergies and even death to humans; it may also cause harm to other
living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural environment
(for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) . Various pollution
control technologies and strategies are available to reduce air pollution. Pollutants of major
public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide
and sulfur dioxide. Air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every
year.
5
Causes :

1) The burning of fossil fuels.

2) Industrial emission.
3) Mining operations.
4) Indoor air pollution.
5) Wildfires.
6) Transportation.
7) Construction and Demolition.
8) Open burning of garbage waste.
9) Agricultural activities.
10) Use of chemical and synthetic products.

Fig 9.0.1

How to manage air pollution?

Pollution prevention approaches to reduce, eliminate, or prevent pollution at its source,

should be considered. Following are the ways with the help of which we can manage air
pollution –
1) Use less toxic raw materials or fuels, use a less-polluting industrial process, and to
improve the efficiency of the process.
2) Controlling emissions related to transportation can include emission controls on
vehicles as well as use of cleaner fuels.
3) Promotion and implementation of afforestation.
6
 4) Avoid usage of crackers.
5) Reduction of forest fires and smoking.
6) Using public transport to reduce the number of vehicles that emit
harmful gases into the atmosphere.
7) Avoiding usage of air conditioners.

Fig 9.0.2

2. Water :
Water pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that contaminates it and
makes water unsafe for human use and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution reduces
the ability of the body of water to provide the ecosystem services that it would otherwise
provide. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and
groundwater. In addition to damage to many species, water pollution can also lead to water-
borne diseases for people. Water pollution can also be classified as surface water pollution
(for example lakes, streams, estuaries, and parts of the ocean in marine pollution) or
groundwater pollution.
7
 Causes :

1) Rapid Urban Development.

2) Improper Sewage Disposal.
3) Fertilizer Run-Off.
4) Oil Spills.
5) Chemical Waste Dumping.
6) Radioactive Waste Discharge.
7) Mining activities.
8) Industrial wastage.
9) Marine dumping.
10) Chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Fig 9.0.3

How to manage water pollution?

1) Waste water treatment.

2) Plastic waste reduction.
3) Water conservation
4) Setting up septic tanks to treat sewage efficiently.

8
 5) Preventing the flow of toxic chemicals and waste from industries and factories into
the water bodies.
6) Increase the practice of reusing and recycling items. This will help in reduction of
garbage.
7) Limiting the use of detergents and bleaches in households.
8) Using phosphate free detergents.
9) Reducing the usage of pesticides in the agricultural sector and promoting the use of
organic fertilizers.

Fig 9.0.4

3. Soil :
Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in
soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem. In
the case of contaminants which occur naturally in soil, even when their levels are not high
enough to pose a risk, soil pollution is still said to occur if the levels of the contaminants in
soil exceed the levels that should naturally be present.
The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact
with the contaminated soil, vapour from the contaminants, or from secondary contamination
of water supplies within and underlying the soil.
9
Causes :

1) Dumping of industrial waste that contains harmful chemicals in excess amount.

2) Deforestation that results in soil erosion and makes the land infertile and drains its
nutrients.
3) Excessive dumping of garbage that includes synthetic fibers, plastic, etc that may take
more than a thousand years to decompose.
4) Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural sector.
5) Mining and smelting sources.
6) Nuclear sources
7) Lack of awareness among people about soil pollution.

Fig 9.0.5

How to manage soil pollution?

Some of the measures by which we can manage or prevent soil pollution are:
1) Land farming should be promoted for waste treatment.
2) Recycling of waste before disposal.
3) Proper maintenance of the sewage system.
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 4) Use plants to extract heavy metals.
5) Use of Natural Manure/ Use of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.
6) The proper disposal method of household and industrial waste.
7) Reforestation and Afforestation Should be Promoted

Fig 9.0.6

10.0 Skills Developed:

During the course of this micro-project, we learned about polluted natural resources
which are responsible for pollution and how to manage them.
a) Learned about various polluted natural resources.
b) Studied how to manage them.

11.0 Applications of this Micro-project:

This micro-project finds its application in:
a) To study different polluted natural resources.
b) For learning their causes and effects.
c) To know how to manage them.
11
12.0 Area of future Improvement:
In the future, more detailed information like, exact sources of pollution of these
natural resources, and how to manage them more effectively and how to utilize them
judiciously can be known through this project.

13.0 Conclusion:
We learned polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and how to
manage them.

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