Statistics and

Probability
Computing Probability
Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable
Statistics and Probability
Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given Random Variable
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this
module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Melba S. Remojo
Editors: Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Nenita N. De Leon and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Kelvin A. Ramintas and Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Job S. Zape Jr., Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Catherine P. Talavera,
Gerlie M. Ilagan, Buddy Chester M. Repia, Herbert D. Perez, Lorena S. Walangsumbat, Jee-Ann O. Briones
Celestina M. Alba, Asuncion C. Ilao

Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph

50
Week

2
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind to help you on computing
probabilities corresponding to a given random variable. The probability of certain
events occurring or not can be important to be applied in real-life problems. You can
use probability to make judgments when you are unsure what the outcome will be.
This module will also help you to improve your computation skills. You can apply
this not only in experiments like tossing a coin, playing cards, and throwing a die
but also in different situations like in business or financial matters wherein a
statistical process is required. This will also help you in decision making regarding
future financial situations and on business decision practices.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable; and
computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

What I Know
Let us see how far you will go and how much you know about this pretest. Choose
the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P(2) + P(3)?

X 1 2 3 4
P(X)

A. B. C. D.
Refer to the given table in answering numbers 2-3.
In the experiment of tossing a coin twice, the following table shows the probability
distribution. What is P (X ?

X 0 1 2
P(X)

2. What is P (X ?
A. 1 B. C. D.
3. What is P(X 1)?
A.1 B. C. D.
Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

Number of Tails (X) 0 1 2 3

P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125

4. Find P (X 1)
A. 0.125 B. 0.5 C. 0.625 D. 0.875
5. Find P (X 1)

A. 0.125 B. 0.5 C. 0.625 D. 0.875

51
 Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 6-8.

6. The random variable Y representing the number of nuts in a chocolate

bar has the following probability distribution. Find P (odd)

Y 0 1 2 3 4
P(Y)

A. B. C. D.
7. Find P (1 Y 4)
A. B. C. D.
8. Find P (Y
A. B. C. D.
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 9-10.
Two jars both contain the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The following table shows the
probability distribution of the sum when one number from each jar is taken at a
time with replacement.

X 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
P(X)

9. Find P(4) + P(6)

A. B. C. D.
10. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 10.
A. B. C. D.
11. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 6 and 14.
A. B. C. D.
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 12-13.
The given table shows the probability distribution of a random variable Z which
represents the percentage of male students per section among Grade 11 senior high
school students.
Z 8 9 11 14 15 18
P(Z) 8% 8% 25% 17% 25% 17%

12. Find P(Z 11)

A. 84% B.59% C. 51% D.43 %
13. Find P(8 Z 18)
A. 43% B.59% C. 75% D.83 %
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 14-15.
The daily demand for copies of a magazine at a variety store has the probability
distribution as follows.

Number of Copies X Probability P(X)

0 0.10
1 0.25
2 0.30
3 0.16

52
 4 0.05
5 0.14

14. What is the probability that two or more copies will be demanded on
a particular day?
A. 0.30 B. 0.35 C. 0.65 D. 0.75
15. What is the probability that the demand will be at least one but not
more than four?
A.0.76 B. 0.71 C.0.51 D. 0.35

Lesson 1 Computing Probability

Corresponding to a Given Random
Variable
You have learned that the likelihood of winning in a lotto draw, number of winnings
in a gamble, number of heads that come out in a toss of a coin, and other game of
chance can be estimated using probability. But do you know that it is not only for
the game of chance? We also use this in business, economics, engineering, and other
real-life situations. A data needs to determine the probabilities to make decisions
and draw a conclusion. Most of the time, you won't perform actual
probability problems, but you'll use probability to make a judgment and determine
the best course of action.

In your previous lesson, you have learned how to illustrate a probability distribution
of a discrete random variable. To understand this lesson, your knowledge of getting
the probability of an event is very important as you have learned from your previous
lesson in Mathematics. To find out if you are ready to learn in this new lesson,
determine the probability of the following.
Find the probability of the following events.

Event (E) Probability P (E)

a. Getting an odd number in a single roll of a die
b. Getting an ace when a card is drawn from a
deck
c. Getting a number greater than 2 in a single
roll of a die
d. Getting a red queen when a card is drawn
from a deck
e. Getting doubles when two dice are rolled
f. Getting a sum of 5 or a sum of 9 when two
dice are rolled
The probability for each event will be:
a. The event of getting an odd number has three outcomes: 1, 3, or 5. Since there
are 6 faces in a die, then the probability of getting an odd number is or .

53
 b. The event of getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck is 4. Since there
are 52 faces in a deck of cards, then the probability of getting an ace is or
.
c. The event of getting a number greater than 2 in a single roll of a die has four
outcomes: 3, 4, 5, and 6. Since there are 6 faces in a die, then the probability
of getting a number greater than 2 is or .
d. The event of getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck is 2. Since
there are 52 faces in a deck of cards, then the probability of getting a red
queen is or .
e. The event of getting doubles when two dice are rolled has 6 outcomes:
{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)}.Since there are 36 outcomes in rolling two
dice, then the probability of getting doubles is or .
f. The event of getting a sum of 5 when two dice are rolled has 4 outcomes:
{(1,4), (4,1),(2,3),(3,2)}.Hence, the probability is .The event of getting a sum
of 9 when two dice are rolled has 4 outcomes: {(4,5),(5,4),(3,6),(6,3)}. Hence,
the probability is .
The probability of getting a sum of 5 or a sum of 9 when two dice are rolled is P(sum
of 5 or sum of 9)= +

= +

= or

for its famous Filipino delicacies. Among these foods which

number of boxes delivered for 10 days is shown below.

Number of
Day
Boxes(X)
1 35
2 37
3 50
4 45
5 37
6 45
7 40
a. What is the probability that 40 or more boxes will
8 42
be delivered on a day?
9 45
b. What is the probability that the number of boxes
delivered will be at least 37 but not more than 50? 10 42

c. What is the probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered on a particular

day?
d. Find P (X 45)
e. Find P (40) + P (50)

54
What is It
In the previous module, you have learned how to illustrate a probability distribution
for a discrete random variable and its properties. Some experiments like tossing a
coin, throwing a die, and other activities consist of one or more outcomes. If each of
the outcomes is equally likely to occur, then the probability is:

P (E)=

To answer the given question, you have to construct first the probability distribution.

distribution is shown below.

Number of Boxes X Probability P(X)
35

37

40

42

45

50

a. The probability that 40 or more boxes will be sold in a particular day means
P (X 40).
This means that you have to add P(X=40), P(X=42), P (X= 45), and (X= 50).
P (X 40) = P(40) + P(42) + P(45) + P(50)
then, substitute its corresponding probability

= + + +

= + + +

= or 0.7

b. The probability that the number of boxes delivered will be at least 37 but not
more than 50 means P (37 X 50).
Hence, the values included are P(37), P(40), P42) and P(45), then substitute
its corresponding probability
P (37 X 50) = P(37) + P(40) +P(42) + P(45),
= + + +

= + + +

55
 = or 0.8

c. The probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered in a particular

day means P (X 40) so the values of X are P(40), P(37) and P(35)
P (X 40) = P(40) + P(37) + P(35)

= + +

= + +

= or 0.40

d. Find P (X 45) = P(45) + P(42) + P(40) + P(37) +P(35)

= + + + +

= + + + +

= or 0.90

Other solution:

P (X 45) = 1-P(50)

= 1-

e. Find P (40) + P (50) = +

= or 0.10

Independent Activity I
Number of Cell Phones
The number of cell phones sold per day at Gadgets Zone has the following probability
distribution.

Number of Cell Phones Probability P(X)

Sold X
0 0.15
1 0.10
2 0.25

56
 3 0.30
4 0.20

Find:
1.P(X
2.P(x
3. P(1
4.P(2) + P(4)
Independent Activity II
Number of Absences

in the probability distribution below.

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X)

a. What is the probability that the number of absences is less than 3?

b. What is the probability that the number of absences is at least 2?
c. What is the probability that the number of absences is greater than 1 but
less than 4?

Independent Activity III

Bayanihan To Heal as One Act
In a certain barangay, the DSWD conducted a survey among the ages of senior
citizens who will receive cash assistance or the Social Amelioration Program (SAP).
This program is a cash emergency subsidy program for Filipino families whose lives
are greatly affected by the Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ). It is mandated
by the new law, the Bayanihan To Heal As One Act , which was signed by the
President on March 25, 2020. The given data shows the probability distribution
among the ages of senior citizens.

Age X Probability P(X)

60 0.16
61 0.10
62 0.10
63 0.07
65 0.13
67 0.10
68 0.07
70 0.07
72 0.10
73 0.07
80 0.03
a. What is the probability that at least 65 years old senior citizen will receive
the SAP?
b. What is the probability that at most 70 years old senior citizen will receive
the SAP?

57
 c. What is the probability that at least 60 years old but less than 70 years old
senior citizen will receive the SAP
What I Have Learned
Answer the following statements.
1. Specify the formula on how to compute the probability of a discrete
random variable.
__________________________________________________________________
2. What important skills did you develop in getting the probability?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Cite examples of an experiments or activities wherein we can apply the
computation of probabilities of a random variable.
___________________________________________________________________
4. In your own words, define experiment, outcomes and probabilities.
You can cite your own example.
___________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
A pair of fair dice is rolled. Let X the random variable representing the sum of the
numbers that appear.

a. Construct the probability distribution of X for a pair of

dice.
b. Find 8)
c. Find P(X )
d. Find the probability that X takes an even
value.
e. Find P(3 X )
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P(1) +
P(4)?
X 1 2 3 4
P(X)

A. C.
B. D.
Refer to the given table in answering numbers 2-3.
In the experiment of tossing a coin twice, the following table shows the
probability distribution. What is P (X ?

X 0 1 2
P(X)

58
 2. What is P (X ?
A. C.
B. D.
3. What is P(0) + P(2)?
A. 1 C.
B. D.
Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

Number of Tails (X) 0 1 2 3

P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125

4. Find P (X 1)
A. 0.125 C. 0.625
B. 0.5 D. 0.875
5. Find P (X 1)
A. 0.125 C. 0.625
B. 0.5 D. 0.875
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 6-8.
6. The random variable Y representing the number of nuts in a chocolate bar has
the following probability distribution. Find P (odd)
Y 0 1 2 3 4

P(Y)

A. C.
B. D.
7. Find P (0 Y )
A. C.
B. D.
8. Find P (Y
A. C.
B. D.
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 9-10.
Two jars both contain the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The following table shows the
probability distribution of the sum when one number from each jar is taken at a
time with replacement.

X 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
P(X)

9. Find P(6) + P(8)

A. C.
B. D.

59
 10. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 12.
A. C.
B. D.
11. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 6 and 14.
A. C.
B. D.
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 12-13.
The given table shows the probability distribution of a random variable Z which
represents the percentage of male students per section among Grade 11 senior high
school students.

Z 8 9 11 14 15 18
P(Z) 8% 8% 25% 17% 25% 17%
12. Find P(Z 9)
A. 92% C. 59%
B.84% D.43 %
13. Find P(8 Z 15)
A. 84% C. 59 %
B.73 % D.50 %
Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 14-15.
The daily demand for copies of a magazine at a variety store has the probability
distribution as follows.

Number of Copies X Probability P(X)

0 0.10
1 0.25
2 0.30
3 0.16
4 0.05
5 0.14
14. What is the probability that three or more copies will be demanded
on a particular day?
A. 0.30 C. 0.65
B. 0.35 D. 0.75
15. What is the probability that the demand will be at least one but not
more than five?
A.0.76 C.0.51
B. 0.71 D. 0.43
Additional Activities
Analyze and solve the following problems:
1. Box A and B contain numbers 1,2 3, and 4. The following is the probability
distribution of the sum when one number from each box is taken at a time
with replacement.
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X)

a. Find P(even)
b. Find P (X 5)
c. Find the probability that X assumes a value of less than 4.
d. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 6.
e. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 3 and 8.

60
2. The probabilities that a customer buys 5,6,7, 8, and 9 items in a
convenience store has the following probability distribution.
X 5 6 7 8 9
P(X) 0.25 0.12 0.28 0.15 0.20
a. Find P(X 8)
b. Find P(5 X 8)
c. What is the probability that a customer will buy at least 6 items?
d. What is the probability that a customer will buy at most 7
items?

61
 Statistics and
Probability
Computing Probability
Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable
Statistics and Probability
Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given Random Variable
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this
module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Annabele L. Laraquel
Editors: Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Nenita N. De Leon and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Edna E. Eclavea
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Job S. Zape Jr., Elaine T. Balaogan, Fe M. Ong-ongowan, Catherine P. Talavera,
Gerlie M. Ilagan, Buddy Chester M. Repia, Herbert D. Perez, Lorena S. Walangsumbat, Jee-Ann O. Briones
Celestina M. Alba, Asuncion C. Ilao

Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph

62
Week

2
What I need to know?
This module was created and written with you in mind on how to illustrate
the mean and variance of a discrete random variable. This will also help you analyze
real-life situated problems statistically in terms of relevant questions for you to better
understand them. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the richness, and
beauty of Statistics which will motivate you to apply to similar events and create
statistical measures of your own. From this module, you will also learn how to use
the given illustration to determine the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the
discrete random variables.

Your patience in analyzing figures and illustrations offered here in the module
will help you upgrade your good pattern recognition skills as it tackles appropriate
culture-based situated problems. Your ability to analyze, reason out, and make a
judgment or even decision out of statistical measures will also be practiced here. The
extent of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module focused on illustrating the mean and variance of a discrete
random variable.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. learn the important concepts of mean and variance of a discrete random
variable; and
2. illustrate the mean and variance of a discrete random variable.
What know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following terms is considered as a measure of the `central location'
of a random variable?
A. Probability Value
B. Mean Value
C. Numerical Value
D. Variance
2. Which of the following notations is equivalent to the mean of the probability
distribution?
A.
B.
C.
D. None of the Above
3. Which of the following notations is equivalent to the expected value of the
probability distribution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the standard deviation of a
discrete random variable?
A. It shows the spread out or dispersion of discrete random variables.
B. It is obtained by multiplying the x values and their corresponding probability.
C. It deals with the average or center of location of the probability distribution.

63
 D. It is the summation of the product of the square of the difference of x and its
probability.

5. Use the illustration below. What is the mean of the distribution?

A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The values further away from have a small probability.
B. The values further away from have a large probability.
C. The values closer from
D. The values closer from have equal probability.
7. Which term can be displayed the variability or the dispersions of the random
variables.
A. Probability Value
B. Expected Value
C. Mean Value
D. Variance
8. What formula is used to find the variance of a discrete random variable?
A. ; for all possible values of x
B. ; for all possible values of x
C. ; for all possible values of x
D. ; for all possible values of x

9. Which formula is appropriate to use in finding the mean of a discrete random

variable?
A.
B.
C.
D.
For items 10 -11, refer to the diagram below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

64
10. What is the value of
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
11 How dispersed are the scores from the mean?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
For items 12 -13, refer to the diagram below.

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

12. What is the value of

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
13. How dispersed are the scores from the mean?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
For items 14 -15, refer to the diagram below.

12 24 36 48 60 72

14. What is the value of

A. 24
B. 36
C. 48
D. 60
15. How dispersed are the elements from the mean?
A. 12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48

65
Lesson 1 Illustrating Mean and Variance of
Discrete Random Variable
As claimed by some research, every individual spent an average time of ten
hours on their mobile phone. What does it mean? What is the average value that he
or she spent in using a mobile phone? Does it imply that everyday every person
spends ten hours of his day dealing with a gadget? Or does it imply that an individual
goes through ten hours every day on a cell phone? How is the time spent by different
persons vary from one another? These questions lead to another idea in probability
and statistics. This is the mean and the variance of the discrete random variable.
This module is all about illustrating and determining the average of a discrete
random variable. Likewise, obtaining how the element is being spread away from the
mean. The term average is the mean or the expected value or the expectation in
probability and statistics. Once we have calculated the probability distribution for a
random variable, we can illustrate its expected value. The mean of a random variable
shows the location or the central tendency of the random variable.

What is In

Suppose you tossed a fair coin twice. Let X be the number of heads that are observed.
a. Construct the probability distribution of X.
b. Find the probability that at least one head is observed.

Solution:
a. The possible values that X can take are 0, 1, and 2. Each of these numbers
corresponds to an event in the sample space S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} of equally likely
outcomes for this experiment:
For X = 0 the corresponding sample space will be {TT};
For X = 1 the corresponding sample space will be {HT, TH} and
For X = 2 to {HH}.

The probability of each of these events, hence of the corresponding value of X,

can be found simply by counting, as it shows in the table of probability distribution
below:

X 0 1 2

P(X) 0.25 0.5 0.25

b. At least one head is the event X

events X = 1 and X = 2. Thus
0.75
Therefore, the probability that at least one head is 0.75

66
 New

Read and analyze the situation given below:

During Town Fiesta, people used to go to Carnival that most folks call it

While he is thinking about what possible outcomes in every roll would be, he
is always hoping that his bet is right.
Let us help Mang Ben to know the probabilities of each outcome by filling the
table below.

X 1 2 3 4 5 6

P(X) 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6

Based on the data above, observe, analyze, and answer the following
questions:

1. Is the probability of x lies between 0 and 1?

________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the sum of all probabilities of X?
________________________________________________________________________
3. Is there a negative probability? Is it possible to have a negative
probability?
________________________________________________________________________
4. How will you illustrate the average or mean of the probabilities of discrete
random variable?
________________________________________________________________________
5. Can you show a process where you can illustrate the variance and the standard
deviation of the probability?
________________________________________________________________________
Answer:

1. Yes, the probability of X lies between 0

and 1.
2. The sum of all probabilities of X is
exactly 1.
3. No negative probabilities because it is
impossible to have it based on the
characteristic of the probability of
discrete random variables.
4. The mean is 3.5
If you are wondering how we came up
with the answer for questions 4 and 5,
you will understand everything as we go
on in our discussion

67
What is It
If you roll a fair die several times, what will be the average outcome? Imagine
rolling it 6000 times. You would expect to roll about 1000 ones, 1000 twos, and so
on: about 1000 occurrences of each possible outcome. What would be the average
value of the outcomes obtained? Approximately, the mean or expected value would
be;

value
that we can observe if we will do the experiment.
By similarity with information and relative frequencies, we can characterize
the mean of a discrete random variable by utilizing probabilities from its dispersion,
as follows.
1. The mean is considered as a measure of the `central location' of a random
variable. It is the weighted average of the values that random variable X can take,
with weights provided by the probability distribution.
2. The Expected Value or Mean Value of a discrete random variable x is can be
computed by first multiplying each possible x value by the probability of observing
that value and then adding the resulting quantities. Symbolically,

Example1: Suppose a random variable X that has the discrete uniform distribution

ie a fair of die the mean

is .
we come up to 3.5 as its mean value.
So, doing the experiment which is rolling a single die several times and getting
average or mean of the total possible outcomes, we, therefore, conclude that the
average tends to be close to 3.5. This also implies that the more rolls we do, the closer
the average will be to 3.5.
Example 2.

0.1669500

0.1669000

P(X) 0.1668500

0.1668000

0.1667500

0.1667000

0.1666500

0.1666000
1 2 3 4 5 6 X

68
 From the figure above, it shows the probability distribution for the possible
outcome in rolling a fair die. Notice that they have equal probabilities or chances to
occur. This distribution is symmetric and the mean is 3.5 which found in the middle
of the distribution, it is in the axis of symmetry.
We have noticed that the mean of a random variable X is a measure of the
central location of the distribution of X. If we are summarizing highlights of the
distribution of X, it is evident that location is not the only significant aspect
If the example above complicated you, a simpler one is provided for you.

Example 3. Suppose you want to find the average number of apples sold in any five
grocery stores as indicated by the figure below.

Analyzing the illustration above, then the mean or expected value is 11. If you
are wondering why this happens you may also follow with these processes:
1. Separate 8 elements on the left side of the mean then get the average of those a
(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) which is equal to 6.5
2. Do the same on the right side of mean (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19) which
is equal to 15.5.
3. Get the average value of the numbers 6.5, 11, and 15.5. It will be equal to 11 also
As a whole, we can generate a physical representation and interpretation of
the discrete random variable X with its probability P(X). Assume that the x-axis is an
unbounded see-saw in both directions, and we put weights corresponds to
probability P(X) at each associated value(x) of random variable X. Therefore, the mean
( is the point where the see-saw balance. In other words, it is the center of weights
of the observation.
In the off chance, that value of X close to its mean are likely and values
further away from have small probability, at that point, the distribution of X will
be firmly concentrated around . For this situation, the spread of the distribution
of X is little. On the contrary, if the expected value of X some distance from its mean
are likely, the spread of the distribution of X will be sizeable.
These concepts lead the way to the most important measure of spread,
the variance, and a closely related measure of variability, the standard deviation.
You probably have met the concepts of variance and standard deviation when
summarizing data in your Junior High School Mathematics. These were the sample
variance and the sample standard deviation. The difference here is that we are
referring to properties of the distribution of a discrete random variable.
The variance of a random variable displays the variability or the dispersions
of the random variables. It shows the distance of a random variable from its mean.
The Variance of a Discrete Random Variable X, denoted by is computed
by first subtracting the mean from each possible x value to obtain the deviations,
then squaring each deviation and multiplying the result by the probability of the
corresponding x value, and then finally adding these quantities.
Definition: If X is a random variable with mean , then the variance of X is
defined by,

69
Remember that if the value of the variance is small, then the values of the random
variable are close to the mean.
The Standard Deviation of x, denoted by , is the square root of the
Variance. In symbol,

or
Example 4. Let us consider the same histogram above. Illustrate the variance and
standard deviation.
To be able to determine the element spread away from the mean, we can do
this by adding this procedure in the illustration given.

0.1669500 3 3

0.1669000

P(X) 7
0.1668500 4 10
0.1668000

0.1667500

0.1667000

0.1666500

0.1666000
1 2 3 4 5 6
X

Since we are comparing two elements this time (1 and 3 on the left side of the
mean and 4 and 6 in the right., the 3.5 will be doubled which became 7. Adding
1 and 3 elements gives us 4, similarly on the right side adding 4 and 6 gives us 10.
Get the average value of 4 and 10 which resulted in 7 which is our new . Subtract
7 by 4 which is 3, likewise subtract 10 by 7 which resulted in 3. This implies that
the distance of the element from the mean in either direction is 3 which describes
the spread of the elements in the observation.

Example 5. Consider this figure.

3

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

70
 a. Illustrate the mean.
b. Compare the variance and standard deviation.
Solution:
a. Since the data is symmetric along the x-axis, so the mean is equal to
6. (You may verify the value using the 3 steps provided in the previous
example)
b. To illustrate the variance and standard deviation without having
computation, study the diagram below.
5 5

7 12 17

2 5 7 10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure A.
Since we are comparing two elements this time (2 and 5 on the left side of the
mean and 7 and 10 in the right, the is doubled which became 12. Adding 2 and 5
elements gives us 7, similarly on the right side adding 7 and 10 gives us 17. Get the
average value of 7 and 17 which resulted in 12 which is our new . Subtract 12 by
7 which is 5, likewise subtract 17 by 12 which also resulted in 5. This implies that
the distance of the element from the mean in either direction is 5 which describes
the spread of the elements in the observation.
Example 6. Compare the variance and standard deviation of this distribution.
4 4

16
8 12
4

3 9
3

2 5 7

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Figure B

71
 Following the same procedure just like in example 4, for figure A, the is 6.
on the left side of the mean and 7 and 9 in the right.
Adding 3 and 5 which is 8 and on the right side add 7 and 9 which results in 16. The
average of 8 and 16 is 12 which happens to be our new mean. Subtract 8 from 12
which is 4, similarly subtract 12 from 1 wherein the result is also 4. This shows that
the distance of the element from the mean in either direction is 4 which expresses
the spread of the elements in the observation.
Example 7. Analyze and observe the figure below
6 6

6 12 18

2
2 4 8 10
1

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure C

Again, since we are comparing two elements this time (2 and 4 on the left side
of the mean and 8 and 10 in the right, the is doubled which became 12. Adding 2
and 4 elements give us 6, similarly, on the right side adding 8 and 10 gives us 17.
Get the average of 6 and 18 which also results in 12 which is our new . Subtract
12 by 6 which is 6, likewise subtract 18 by 12 which also results in 6. This suggests
that the distance of the element from the mean in either direction is 6 which
describes the spread of the elements in the observation.
This time let us compare the variance and standard deviation of the three
given illustrations. Because Figure A has a spread value of 5, Figure B has 4 and
Figure C has spread value of 6 in either direction then we can have this comparison;

Which illustrations show less spread out? Then we can easily answer it by
simply observing the figure we generated. Figure B is less dispersion since it spread
by 4 in either direction. Moreover, which illustrations shows the farthest spread out?
Looking back to the three illustrations we have, then the farthest spread out is Figure
C since the element dispersed 6 away from the mean.
In general, unlike the mean, there is no simple direct interpretation of the
variance or standard deviation. The variance is undifferentiated to the moment of
inertia in physics, but that is not necessarily widely understood by students. What
is important to understand is that, in relative terms:
a small value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the dispersion of
the random variable is narrowly concentrated around the mean.

72
 a large value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the distribution
is spread out, with some possibility of observing values at some distance
from the mean.

What More
Independent Activity: Study and analyze.

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1. Figure above shows the number of polo shirt sold by 5 different RTW boutiques.
a. Illustrate the mean. (2 points)
b. Illustrate the variance and standard deviation. (5 points)

2. From the figure below,

a. Illustrate the mean or expected value. (2 points)
b. Illustrate the variance and standard deviation. (5 points)
3

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2. Compare the variance and standard deviation of the two figures provided.

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Figure A

73
 3

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Figure B

What I Have Learned

1. The mean a measure of the `central location' of a random variable. It is the
weighted average of the values that random variable X can take, with weights
provided by the probability distribution.
2. The Expected Value or Mean Value of a discrete random variable x is can be
computed by first multiplying each possible x value by the probability of
observing that value and then adding the resulting quantities. In symbol,

3.
by first subtracting the mean from each possible x value to obtain the
deviations, then squaring each deviation and multiplying the result by the
probability of the corresponding x value, and then finally adding these
quantities.
4. The formula in determining the variance of a discrete random variable is,

5. Mean, variance, and standard deviation can be illustrated by looking pattern

and analyzing given illustrations and diagrams.
6. A small value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the dispersion of
the random variable is narrowly concentrated around the mean.
A large value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the distribution is spread
out, with some possibility of observing values at some distance from the mean

What I Can Do
Family Budget
Things to do:

1. Create a Table of Expenses of your family in a week. (Ask help from

your Mother)
2. List the number of expenses for each day.
3. Create a graphical representation of your data gathered.
4. Base on the graphical representation you made, illustrate for the
following:

74
 a. mean or expected value; and
b. variance and standard deviation.

5. Share your output to the Class Group Chat through Image or Video
Presentation.

TASK CRITERIA
Accuracy of the Data Gathered 50%
Clarity and content of the visual 25%
representation
Originality and creativity of the 25%
Presentation
TOTAL 100%

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following use the formula of ?
A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
2. Among the notations below, which is equivalent to
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. Which of the following statements best describe the expected value of a discrete
random variable?
A. It is the simple average of all possible outcomes.
B. It is the geometric average of all possible outcomes.
C. It is the weighted average over all possible outcomes.
D. It is the complex average of all possible outcomes in the distribution.
4. To which of the following

A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
5. Use the illustration below. What is the mean of the distribution?

10 20 30 40 50 60 70
A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 50

75
6. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. A small value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the distribution
of the random variable is concentrated narrowly around the mean
B. A negative value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the
distribution of the random variable is concentrated narrowly around the mean.
C. The values closer from have equal probability.
D. The values closer from have equal probability.
7. Which term is calculated by summing the product of the square of the difference
between the value of the random variable and the expected value, and the
associated probability of the value of the random variable, taken over all of the
values of the random variable, and finally taking the square root?
A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
8. What another notation can be used for a variance?
A. E(X)
B. P(X)
C.
D. Var(X)
9. If the variance of a probability distribution is 2.6 grams, then what proper way to
do to get the standard deviation?
A.
B.
C.
D. 2.6
For items 10 -11, refer to the diagram below.

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

10. What is the value of

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
11. How dispersed are the scores from the mean?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

76
For items 12 -13, refer to the diagram below.

3 6 9 12 15 18 21
12. What is the value of
A. 6
B. 9
C. 12
D. 15
13. How dispersed are the elements from the mean?
A. 9
B. 12
C. 15
D. 18
For items 14 -15, refer to the diagram below.

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

14. What is the value of

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
15. How dispersed are the scores from the mean?
A.5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
Additional Activities
Study and analyze the figures below.

3 3

2 2

1 1

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

77
 Figure A Figure B

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure C
A. Compare the means of the three figures.
B. Show the relationship between the variance and standard deviation among
three given figures.

78
 Statistics and
Probability
Calculating Mean and Variance
of a Discrete Random Variable
Statistics and Probability
Calculating Mean and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable
First Edition, 2020

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these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over
them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Annabele L. Laraquel
Editors: Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Nenita N. De Leon and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
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79
 Week

2
What I Need to Know
This module was created and written with you in mind on how to calculate the mean
and variance of a discrete random variable. This will also help you analyze real-life
situated problems statistically in terms of relevant questions for you to better
understand them. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the richness, and
beauty of Statistics which will motivate you to apply to similar events and create
statistical measures of your own. From this module, you will also learn how to
determine the value of the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the discrete
random variables, and the purpose of the author for a better understanding of the
story.

Your patience in solving problems here in the module will help you upgrade your
computational skills as it tackles appropriate culture-based situated problems. Your
ability to explain, reason out, and make a judgment or even decision out of statistical
measures will also be practiced here. The extent of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module focused on calculating the mean and variance of a discrete random
variable.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. apply the important concepts of mean and variance of a discrete random
variable; and
2. calculate the mean and variance of a discrete random variable.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following is NOT included in the process of calculating the
mean of the discrete random variable X?
A. Identify the correct probabilities for each x value.
B. Multiply each x value by its probability.
C. Get the summation of the product.
D. Get the square root of the product.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about the value of the mean of a discrete
random variable?
A. Mean Value is always equal to 1
B. Mean Value cannot be negative.
C. Men value is equal to the expected value
D. Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation are equal.
3. To determine the expected value of the discrete random variable which
processes should be done?
A. Get the squared sum of the difference of each value of a discrete
random variable its probability.
B. Get the summation of the difference of each value of a discrete random
variable and its probability.

80
 C. Get the summation of the product of each value of a discrete random
variable and its probability.
D. Get the square root of the summation of the product each value of a
discrete random variable and its probability.
4. What can we generate if we take the squares of standard deviation?
A. Expected Value
B. Mean Value
C. Probability value
D. Variance
5. In tossing a coin, what are the possible values of the random variable X?
A. 0 B. 0,1 C. 1, 2 D. 0, 1, 2
6. If the variance of a probability distribution is 2.6 grams, what is the standard
deviation?
A. 1.61 B. 1.16 C. 1.06 D. 1.01
For items 7-10, refer to the scenario provided below.

Juan is not a very smart student. When he tries to answer a multiple-choice

question, he used to guess everything. Suppose, he is taking a quiz that has two
multiple choice questions on it and that each question has four possible answers
only one of which is correct. Let X represent the number of correct answers on
the quiz.
7. What are the possible values of the random variable X?
A. 0 B. 0, 1 C. 1, 2 D. 0, 1, 2
8. Which probability distribution is an appropriate presentation of the given
scenario?
A. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.5625 0.375 0.0625

B. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.0625 0.5625 0.375
C. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.375 0.0625 0.0625

D. x 0 1 2
P(X) 0.5625 0.0625 0.375

9. What is the expected value of the discrete probability distribution?

A. 0.5 B. 0.4 C. 0.05 D. 0.04
10. What is the probability that Juan gets at least 1 correct answer?
A. 0.0625 B. 0.375 C. 0.4375 D. 0.5625
For items 11-12, refer to the scenario and table provided below.
In a recent Barangay Basketball League, each player went to free throws 2 times.
The number of free throws made by each player is described by the following
probability distribution.

Number of free throws, Probability, P(X)

x
0 0.20

1 0.45

81
 2 0.35

11. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

A. 1.00 B. 1.15 C. 2.00 D. 2.25
12. What is the probability that both free throws will be out of the basket?
A. 0.20 B. 0.45 C. 0.35 D. 1.00
For items 13-15, refer to the scenario and table provided below
The number of qualified voters living in the household on a randomly selected
Subdivision block is described by the following probability distribution.

Number of qualified voter/s, x 1 2 3 4

Probability, P(X) 0.25 0.50 0.15 0.10

13. What is the mean of the probability distribution?

A. 1.0 B. 1.8 C. 2.0 D. 2.1
14. What are the variance and standard deviation respectively of the probability
distribution?
A. 0.99 and 0.50
B. 0.89 and 0.62
C. 0.79 and 0.89
D. 0.80 and .088
15. What is the probability that less than 3 votes will be in any household?
A. 0.25 B. 0.50 C. 0.75 D. 1.00
Lesson 1 Calculating Mean and Variance of a
Discrete Random Variable
If you took an examination, do you sometimes think of where would be your score
lie? Would it be below or above the average score? Afterward, you would like also to
know how far you are from the average score. Finally, you would ask yourself what
is the meaning of those locations from the center or mean of the probability
distribution? If you are asking these questions, this learning module is designed for
you.
In this module, we can calculate and solve the average of a discrete random variable.
The term average is the mean or the expected value or the expectation in probability
and statistics. Once we have calculated the probability distribution for a random
variable, we can calculate its expected value. The mean of a random variable shows
the location or the central tendency of the random variable.
In this module, you will understand the process on how to accurately determine the
mean value and variance including the standard deviation of a discrete random
variable. You may find this module as a piece of good fortune in acquiring brand new
learning.

In

The number of COVID -19 patients seen in the ER in any given hour is a random
variable represented by X. The probability distribution for X is presented below.

82
 P(X)
0.5
COVID-19 Patients
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 X
15 16 17 18 19

1. Find the probability that in a given hour:

a. exactly 17 patients arrive;
b. at least 16 patients arrive; and
c. at most 18 patients arrive.
2. What is the average number of COVID-19 patients who arrived in the ER in
an hour?
3. Illustrate the mean and standard deviation of the data gathered.
Solution:
1, a.
b.
c.
2. =17
3. It shows the hat element spread 3 away from the mean which
implies its variability.

3 3

31 34 37

P(X)
0.45 15
0.4
16
0.35
0.3 18 19
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0 X
15 16 17 18 19

83
 New
Time to Check
Read and analyze the situation given below:
Mr. Umali, a Mathematics teacher, regularly gives a formative assessment composed
of 5 multiple-choice items. After the assessment, he used to check the probability
distribution of the correct responses, and the data is presented below:

Test Item Probability

0 0.03
1 0.05
2 0.12
3 0.30
4 0.28
5 0.22
Based on the data above, observe, analyze and answer the following questions:
1. What is the summation of the probabilities of the given random variable?
_________________________________
2. Why is it that the probability of random variable x less than 1 but
nonnegative value?
3. What is the average or mean of the given probability distribution?
_______________________________________________________________.
4. What are the values of the variance and the standard deviation of the
probability distribution? _______________________________________.
Answer:
1. The summation of the probabilities of the given random variable is equal to
2. The probability of the discrete random variable X lies between 0 and 1, so it
is impossible to have a negative probability.
3.
4.
If you are wondering how we came up with the answer for questions 4 and 5, you
will understand everything as we go on in our discussion.

What is It
In the previous module, mean or expected value characteristics had been presented,
even variance and standard deviation of a discrete random variable.
Expected Value or Mean Value is the sum of the products of each possible value of

So, in what way can we use the concept of expected value to calculate the mean and
variance of a probability distribution?
Using the previously given data, multiply each x value by its probability and add the
results to get the mean ( x ) or expected value .

84
 Test Item, Probability,

0 0.03 0
1 0.05 0.05
2 0.12 0.24
3 0.30 0.9
4 0.28 1.12
5 0.22 1.1

So, the answer to question 3 can now be stated. It indicates that the expected value
or mean of the random variable is 3.41.
Now that you have calculated the mean or the average marks in the five tests of
Mathematics. It will be convenient this time to determine the difference in the score
of each item from the mean or expected value. This difference in marks shows the
variability of the possible values of the random variable.
discrete random variable x,

Remember that if the value of the variance is small, then the values of the random
variable are close to the mean.
The Standard Deviation of x, denoted by , is the square root of the Variance. In
symbol,

or

random variable can be presented in this manner. The formula for says to
take a weighted average of the squared distance to the mean. By squaring, remember
that we are averaging only non-negative values so that the spread to the right of the
d value, we are weighting high
probability values more than low probability values. So, the table will now look like
this.

Test Item, Probability

0 0.03 0 -3.41 11.6281 0.3488

1 0.05 0.05 -2.41 5.8081 0.2904
2 0.12 0.24 -1.41 1.9881 0.2386
3 0.30 0.90 -0.41 0.1681 0.0504
4 0.28 1.12 0.59 0.3481 0.0975
5 0.22 1.10 1.59 2.5281 0.5562

85
We can also do this process.

The Variance is 1.5819, and the Standard Deviation is , and it is

equivalent to 1.26
Therefore, the correct answers for question 4 are 1.5819 and 1.26 respectively.
For uniformity of the answers, expected value or mean and standard deviation are
both expressed into two decimal places while variance is up to four decimal places
to lessen rounding error.
Take note on units:
1. has the same units as X.
2. ) or has the same units as the square of X. So, if X is in
meters, then ) is in meters squared.

Since and X have the same units, the standard deviation is a natural
measure of spread. In some ways, the standard deviation is the more tangible of the
two measures, since it is in the same units as X.

Let us take this example,

Suppose that a coin is tossed twice so that the sample space is S = { , ,

, }. Let X represent the number of heads that can come up Based on the
prepared discrete probability distributions of the random variable X below, calculate
the mean, variance, and standard deviation.

Outcome or Sample HH HT TH TT
Point
2 1 1 0

Applying the concepts from the activity given above, let us complete the table below.

0 ¼ or 0.25 0 -1 1 0.25
1 ½ or 0.5 0.5 0 0 0
2 ¼ or 0.25 0.5 1 1 0.25

The expected value or mean is 1.

The Variance is 0.50, and
The Standard Deviation is 0, and it is equivalent to 0.71.

86
We have discovered that the Expected Value E(X) is only the average or mean of
random variable X. It's occasionally called a "weighted average" because more
frequent values of X are weighted more highly in the average. It is additionally how
we anticipate that X should behave on-average as time goes on. The mean of a
random variable X is a measurement of the central location of the distribution of X.
If we are summarizing features of the distribution of X, it is clear that location is not
the only relevant feature. The second most important component is the spread of the
distribution.
Again, the variance of a discrete random variable X is defined by

where the sum is taken over all values of x for which P(x) > 0 but less than 1. So, the

where the weights are given by the probability function P(x) of X.

The standard deviation of X is defined to be the square root of the variance of X.

That is,

Because of this definition, the variance of X is often denoted by 2

x.

In another way around, the standard deviation is the more tangible of the two
measures, since it is in the same units as X. For example, if X is a random variable
measuring length in cm, then the standard deviation is in centimeter , while the
variance is in .

Remember that with respect on units:

2. Var(X) has the same units as the square of X. So, if X is in meters, then
Var(X) is in meters s
standard deviation is a natural measure of spread.

Always remember that the variance cannot be negative, because it is an average of

squared quantities. This is appropriate, as a negative spread for distribution does
not make sense. Hence, and .
More
Independent Activity 1: Study and analyze
The number of shoes sold per day at a retail store is shown in the table below.
Illustrate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of this distribution.
X 19 20 21 22 23

P(X) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

87
Independent Assessment 1: Fill me in and solve
Write all the necessary formula and show the complete solution.
Formula to be used:
a. Mean ________________________
b. Variance_____________________
c. Standard Deviation___________
Solution:

Independent Activity 2: Study and analyze

The number of patients seen in the Emergency Room in any given hour is a random
variable represented by x. The probability distribution for x is:

X 10 11 12 13 14

P(X) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Independent Assessment 2: Fill me in and solve

Write all the necessary formula and show the complete solution.
Formula to be used:
a. Mean __________________________
b. Variance_______________________
c. Standard Deviation_____________
Solution:
Independent Activity 3: Study and analyze

and standard deviation of this

distribution.

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X)

Independent Assessment 3: Fill me in and solve

Write all the necessary formula and show the complete solution.
Formula to be used:
a. Mean ________________________
b. Variance_____________________
c. Standard Deviation___________
Solution:
What I Have Learned
1. The formula for calculating Mean or Expected value is _______________________
2. I have discovered that the Expected Value E(X) is only the_______________ of
random variable X. It's occasionally called a _______________ because more
frequent values of X are weighted more highly in the average.
3. The variance of a discrete random variable X is defined _____________________
4. The standard deviation of X is defined to be the square root of the variance of
X. In symbol it expressed into ________________________________

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 5. The variance cannot be ___________, because it is an average of squared
quantities. Hence, and .
What I can do

Things to do:
1. Create a short script as if you are with your dream partner in life and you both
talking about Family Planning.
2. During your planning, specify in your decision how many girls (G) and boys
(B) in the family you both want to have. Consider also your random variable
X stand for.
3. After your planning, construct a probability distribution of whatever decision
you had.
4. Based on the probability distribution table, illustrates the following:
a. Mean or Expected Value;
b. Variance; and
c. Standard Deviation.
5. Share your output to the Class Group Chat through Image or Video
Presentation.

TASK CRITERIA
Accuracy of the solution 50%
Clarity and content of the script 25%
Originality and creativity of the 25%
Presentation
TOTAL 100%

Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What formula is appropriate to use in calculating the expected value?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. Which among the list of formulas should be used to solve for the variance of
discrete random variables of the given data above?
A. ; for all possible values of x
B. ; for all possible values of x
C. ; for all possible values of x
D. ; for all possible values of x
3. Which of the following statements does not describes the value of the
standard deviation?
A. A small standard deviation (or variance) means that the distribution
of the random variable is narrowly concentrated around the mean.

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 B. A large value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the
distribution is spread out, with some chance of observing values at
some distance from the mean.
C. Standard deviation is obtained by getting the square root of the
variance.
D. It is obtained by squaring the variance.
4. What can we generate if we take the summation of the product of each value
assigned to the random variable and its corresponding probability?
A. Expected Value
B. Probability value
C. Standard Deviation
D. Variance

random variable X?
A. 0 B. 0, 1 C. 1, 2,3 D. 0, 1, 2 ,3, 4
6. Which of the following is the correct value of standard deviation ( of a
discrete random variable X if the variance is 2.5754?
A. 1.61 B. 1.60 C. 1.06 D. 1.01
For items 7-9, refer to the scenario and table provided below.
Let X be a random variable defining number of students getting 95 above grade.

X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3
7.
7. What is the expected value of X from the given table?
A. 1.3 B. 1.8 C. 1.9 D. 2.3
8. What is the variance ( of the given probability distribution?
A. 1.16 B. 1.18 C. 1.20 D. 1.28

9. Which of the following value is appropriate for deviation ( of the given

probability distribution?
A 1.02 B. 1.04 C. 1.06 D. 1.08
10. A Grade 11 HUMMS researcher surveyed the households in Brgy. Quipot,
Tiaong Quezon. The random variable X represents the number of college
graduates in the households. The probability distribution of X is shown
below.

X 0 1 2
P(X) 0.25 0.5 0.25
Find the values of variance and standard deviation.
A. 0.3 and 0.51 respectively
B. 0.4 and 0.61 respectively
C. 0.5 and 0.71 respectively
D. 0.6 and 0.81 respectively
11. In the 50 items test, Miss Santos, a Mathematics teacher claimed that most
to 40. In this situation, which of the following
terms parallel to the score of 40?
A. Variance
B. Standard Deviation
C. Expected Value or Mean
D. Median

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For items 12-15, refer to the scenario and table provided below.
In her Flower Shop, Vera recorded the probability distribution for the number of
flower arrangements that she delivered each day.

X 7 8 9 10 11
P(X) 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.10

12. What is the probability that she made at least 9 flower arrangements?
A. 0.60 B. 0.50 C. 0.40 D. 0.30
13. What is the mean or expected value of the given probability distribution?
A. 8.5 B. 8.6 C. 8.7 D. 8.8
14. Which of the following is the appropriate value for the variance?
A. 1.55 B. 1.56 C. 1.57 D. 1.58
15. What value corresponds to the standard deviation?
A. 1.25 B. 1.26 C. 1.27 D. 1.28
Additional Activities
1. Willie works in an automotive tire factory. The number X of sound but
blemished tires that he produces on a random day has the probability
distribution.

x 2 3 4 5
P(X) 0.48 0.35 0.10 0.07

a. Find the probability that Leomar will produce more than three blemished
tires.
b. Find the probability that Leomar will produce at most four blemished
tires.
c. Calculate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a discrete random
variable.

2. The Land Bank of the Philippines Manager claimed that each saving account
customer has several credit cards. The following distribution showing the
number of credits cards people own.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.18 0.44 0.27 0.08 0.03

Show the complete table of values in calculating the Mean, Variance, and
Standard Deviation.

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