Secondary 2 Mathematical Formulas

Chapter 2: Linear Inequalities

● +¿−¿ ×∨÷ , symbol does not change

● ×∨÷ by a negative number , symbol change

Chapter 3: Expansion and Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

2 terms :
● Factor out common terms : xy + xy z =xy ( 1+ z )
2 2

2 2
● Special product : x − y =(x− y)(x + y )
3 terms :

● Multiplication Frame

● Special Algebraic Identities ( CHPT 4 )

4 terms :

● Put ∈ groups of 2∧factorise each−group

● ab+ cb=b(a+c )

Chapter 4: Expansion and Factorisation using Special Algebraic Identities

2 2 2
● (a+ b) =a +2 ab+ b
2 2 2
● (a−b) =a −2 ab+ b
2 2
● ( a+ b ) ( a−b )=a −b

Chapter 5: Quadratic Equations and Graphs

 zero product rule :if ab=0 , thena=0∨b=0

Chapter 6: Algebraic Fractions and Formulae

● a−b=−(b−a)
a x
● b = y ∴ ay=bx (cross multiplication)
x
● if y =0 , x=0

2E Mathematical Formula Summary 1

Chapter 7: Direct and Inverse Proportions
● Proportion: y ∝ x , y=kx (k is the constant of proportionality)
k
● Indirect : xy=k , y= x (k isthe constant of proportionality )

Chapter 8: Congruency and Similarity

image
● scale factor : original

2E Mathematical Formula Summary 2

Chapter 9: Pythagoras’ Theorem
2 2 2
● c =a + b ( c is the hypotenuse of triangle )

Chapter 10: Trigonometric Ratios

To find measurement (3sf):
opposite
● tangent = adjacent (TOA)
adjacent
● cosine= hypotenuse (CAH)
opposite
● sine= hypotenuse (SOH)
To find angles – converse of trigonometric ratios (1dp):
● sin A=x , A=( x )

● cos A= y , A=( y )

● tan A=z , A=( z)

Chapter 11: Volume and Surface Area of Pyramids, Cones and Spheres
Pyramids:
1
● Volume= 3 ×base area ×height

● Surface Area=area of base +area of all lateral faces

1 2
● Volume= 3 π r h (cone)
2
● Surface Area=π r + πrl (l is slant height – Pythagoras’ Theorem)
Frustum:
● Volume=vol . of big cone−vol . of small cone

● Surface Area=s . a . of big cone−s . a .of small cone

Sphere:
4 3
● Volume= 3 π r
2
● Surface Area=4 π r
Hemisphere:
2 3
● Volume= 3 π r
2 2
● Surface Area of solid hemisphere=2 π r + π r

2E Mathematical Formula Summary 3

 2
● Surface Area of hollow hemisphere=2 π r

Cylinder:
2
● Volume=π r h
2
● Surface Area=2 π r + 2 πrh

2E Mathematical Formula Summary 4

Chapter 12: Probability of Single Events
number of favourable outcomes for event E
● P ( E )= total number of possible outcomes
● P ( not E )=1−P(E)
measure of favourable outcomes for event E
● P ( E )= measure of all posible outcomes

Chapter 14: Averages of Statistical Data

Mean (Average):
● Average=
∑ of data values
number of data values
∑ fx
● x̄= ∑ f ( x is the data value and f is the frequency of data value)
Mode:
● data with highest frequency
Median:
n+1
● Position of median= 2
x +(x+1)
● (if position is x +0.5) median= 2

2E Mathematical Formula Summary 5