PUMP BASIC LAWS

• Pump basic laws are derived using the principles of

dynamic similarity and dimensional analysis. These laws
only hold true at differing operating conditions as long as
the pump efficiency is constant.
AFFINITY LAWS
• Affinity laws are used to predict the performance of a pump
when operating at a speed other than that at which it is tested.
• The affinity laws express the mathematical relationships
between the several variables involved in pump performance.
They are used to predict what effect speed or impeller diameter
changes have on centrifugal pump performance.
 3
Q H P Q2
=
N2 D2
Q1 N1 D1
1 2 3 N
3 2 5 D 2 2
H2 N2 D2
Queen Has Power =
H1 N1 D1
Want To Try Now
3 5
Try To FinD Out/Dow P2 N2 D2
n/Death =
P1 N1 D1
AFFINITY LAWS
Most pump systems are designed and oversized for
worst-case loading conditions. Following the principle of the
affinity laws, just by lowering the flow of an oversized centrifugal
pump by 20 percent can reduce power consumption by about
50 percent, resulting in dramatic energy savings.
EXAMPLE:
1. A centrifugal pump designed for a 1800 rpm operation and a head
of 60.9 m has a capacity of 189.3 lps with a power input of 130.6 kW.
a. What effect will a speed reduction to 1200 rpm have on the
head, capacity and power input of the pump?
b. What will be the changes in these variable if the impeller
diameter is reduced from 304.8 mm to 254 mm, while the speed is
constant at 1800 rpm?
EXAMPLE:
2. A DC motor-driven pump running at 100 rpm delivers 30 lps of water against a
total pumping head of 27 m with a pump efficiency of 60%.
a. What is the speed and capacity if the pump rpm is increased to
produce a pumping head of 36 m assuming there is no change in
efficiency?
b. Can a 15 KW motor be used under conditions indicated in item a?
Given: A centrifugal pump
N1 = 100 rpm
H1 = 27 m
H2 = 36 m
ŋ p1 = ŋ p2 = 60%
Required: a. Determine N2 and Q2 if ŋ p = C.
b. Can a 15 KW motor be used under conditions
indicated in item a?
EXAMPLE:
3. A model centrifugal pump with 3-in diameter impeller delivers 600 gpm
of water at a total head of 350 ft when operating at 1750 rpm.
a. Find the diameter of a geometrically similar pump that will deliver
1000 gpm when operating at 3500 rpm.
b. What is the total head of the 3500 rpm pump when it is delivering
1000 gpm?