Thomson´s
DEMOCRITUS 430 B.C. Dalton´s 1800
Scientist: John Dalton
All matter around us is John Dalton was the first
made of indivisible tiny to adapt Democritus’
particles-“atoms¨. theory into the first
modern atomic
model.
JOHN DALTON’S ATOMIC
MODEL:
1. All matter consists of
tiny particles called
atoms
2. Atoms are
indestructible and
unchangeable
3. Elements are
characterized by the
weight of their atoms
4. When elements react,
it is their atoms that have
combined to form new
Compounds.
Bohr´s
Rutherford´s 1911
1897
J.J Thomson was an
excellent physicist and
thus did not stop when he
had found this negative
charge.
Through a series of clever
experiments he was able
to predict the mass of this
charge. An atom is
electrically neutral. It has
no charge.
In an atom, both positive
charges and negative
charges are equal.
An atom is made out of a
sphere of positive charges
with negatively charged
electron embedded in it.
Ernest Rutherford was not
convinced about the model
of the atom proposed by
Thomson. He thus set up
his now famous Gold Foil
experiment. 1.The nucleus
of the atom is a dense mass
of positively charged
particles.
2. The electrons orbit the
nucleus.
3. A problem raised was:
Why are the negatively
charged particles not
attracted by the positively
charged nucleus.
4. Rutherford stated that
the atom was like a mini
solar system and that the
electrons orbited the
nucleus in a wide orbit.
That is why it is known as
the planetary model.
Cloud 1920 Chadwick1932
1913
J
Niels Bohr agreed with
ames Chadwick's
the planetary model of
According to today’s contribution to the
the atom, but also knew
atomic theory, atomic model was his
that it had a few
electrons do not orbit discovery of the
flaws. Using his
the nucleus in neat neutron.
knowledge of energy
planet-like orbits but
and The neutron is a
move at high speeds in
quantum physics he was neutrally charged
an electron cloud
able to perfect subatomic particle that
around the nucleus.
Rutherford’s model. is about the same mass
In the electron cloud,
He was able to answer as the proton.
electrons whirl around
why the electrons did
the nucleus billions of Both protons and
not collapse into the
times in one second. neutrons occupy the
nucleus.
They are not moving nucleus of the atom.
around in random Chadwick was able to
patterns; an electron’s discover the neutron
location depends upon and measure its mass.
how much energy the
electron has.