Unit 9: TRAVEL AND TOURISM

For many decades, tourism has witnessed continuous development and has become one of the fastest-growing eco-
nomic sectors in the world. In addition, air, road and water transportation technologies have contributed to making
travel easier than before. In this chapter, "Travel and tourism" refers to some concepts such as "gap year" and traveling
for work, study or leisure. This chapter will focus on the advantages of travel for work, study or leisure and disadvan-
tages of taking a gap year as well as tourism.

Benefits of taking a gap year and travel

TRAVEL AND
Drawbacks of taking a gap year
TOURISM

Drawbacks of travel and tourism

Benefits of taking a gap year and travel

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 BROADEN PEOPLE’S HORIZONS
Traveling abroad, whether for study, work, or leisure, can have
a significant impact on a person's life.
One of the most significant benefits is that it broadens one's
horizons by exposing them to new cultures, perspectives, and
people from different backgrounds. This exposure can help
individuals encounter different ways of living, they become
more open-minded, and they start to see the world from
different perspectives. They gain a better understanding of the
commonalities and differences that exist between cultures,
which ultimately helps them appreciate and respect other
people's beliefs and values.
In addition to exposure to new cultures, individuals who travel
abroad gain access to information that is not found in books or
on the internet. They learn first-hand about different ways of
life, as well as the history and customs of different countries.
This knowledge can help individuals develop an assessment
of the world around them on their own.
ACQUIRING NEW SKILLS
Firstly, the opportunity to learn a new language is a major
advantage of such trips. If one spends a prolonged period in
another country, they may have the chance to pick up a new
language by immersing themselves in a native environment.
They can become familiar with local accents, receive feedback
from native speakers, or even learn new vocabulary and
phrases not found in textbooks.
Secondly, being on their own in a different region or country
forces them to develop necessary skills such as time
management, budget management, problem-solving, and
many others. These skills help them to become adaptable and
versatile in any environment.
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KEY WORDS
• broadens one's horizons: mở mang
đầu óc
• not found in books or on the internet:
không có trong sách hoặc trên mạng
• beliefs and values: niềm tin và giá trị của
người khác
• learn first-hand: học trực tiếp
• an assessment of the world: sự đánh giá
về thế giới
KEY WORDS
• pick up a new language: học ngôn ngữ
mới qua việc thực hành
• immerse in a native environment: hoà
mình vào môi trường bản địa
• local accents: giọng địa phương
• feedback from native speakers: nhận xét
từ người bản địa
• adaptable and versatile: dễ thích nghi và
đa năng hơn
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 MAKE DISCOVERIES KEY WORDS
This is the purpose of scientists and explorers when they go • make discovery: khám phá
to an untouched place. In fact, humans only have knowledge • discover unknown species and things:
of about 5% of the organisms in the world and there are still khám phá về những điều chưa biết
many things such as folk healing methods that are unknown.
For example, traditional healers in the Amazon rainforest may
use certain plants or other natural substances to treat various
ailments. By studying these traditional remedies, scientists
may be able to develop new medicines that are more effective
and have fewer side effects than existing drugs.Therefore,
these trips can help them discover unknown species and
things, which can contribute to many industries, especially in
biotechnology and medicine.

BOOST ECONOMY KEY WORDS

Promoting international tourism can have significant benefits • boost economy: thúc đẩy kinh tế
for the economy: • create job opportunities: tạo cơ hội
• Creating job opportunities: When there is an increase việc làm
in tourism, there is a greater demand for services such as • support other economic sectors: hỗ trợ
accommodation, food, transportation, and entertainment, cho các mảng kinh tế khác
which in turn creates more job opportunities for people. For
example, in Bali, Indonesia, the tourism industry is one of
the biggest employers, with around 30% of the population
working in tourism-related jobs such as hotels, restaurants,
and tour guides.
• Supporting other economic sectors: When there is a growth
in tourism, it can have a positive ripple effect on other
industries such as retailing, as tourists spend money on
a range of goods and services. For example, in Japan, the
government has been actively promoting tourism to support
the economy, which has resulted in a boost in retailing, with
a surge in sales of souvenirs and local products.

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 ENHANCE WELL-BEING KEY WORDS
Another benefit of traveling abroad for study, work, or travel • enhance well-being: gia tăng cảm giác
is the positive impact on an individual's well-being. The hạnh phúc và thỏa mãn
experience of making new friends in a foreign land can be a • expand their social circle: mở rộng mối
life-changing experience, providing an opportunity for quan hệ xã hội
individuals to expand their social circle, gain a sense of • step out of comfort zones: bước ra khỏi
belonging, and improve their mental health. According to vùng an toàn của bản thân
a study published in the Journal of Travel Research, travel • boost confidence: tăng sự tự tin
experiences lead to an increase in happiness and satisfaction
in life, even after returning home. This is because traveling
provides a sense of adventure and excitement, which can help
individuals break out of their routines and find new passions
or interests.

Additionally, traveling abroad often requires individuals to

step out of their comfort zones, and this can be an excellent
opportunity to boost one's confidence. For example, a student
studying abroad may have to navigate an unfamiliar educational
system, communicate in a new language, or adapt to a new
cultural context. Such challenges may initially be intimidating,
but as individuals overcome them, they often become more
resilient, self-assured, and adaptable. This confidence can
translate into other areas of life, such as personal and
professional relationships, and lead to long-term benefits.

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 SUMMARY
Traveling abroad broadens horizons via exposure to new culture, perspectives, people and knowledge that is
not found in books, promotes skill acquisition including soft skills and language, fosters discoveries, boosts the
economy by creating more jobs and supporting other sectors, and finally enhances well-being.

culture
Expose to perspectives
different people
BROADEN PEOPLE'S HORIZONS

Information that is not found

in books or on the internet

Pick up a new language

ACQUIRING NEW SKILLS
Necessary skills

BENEFITS MAKE DISCOVERIES Discover unknown species and things

Job opportunities
BOOST ECONOMY
Support other economic sectors

Make new friends

ENHANCE WELL-BEING
Step out of their comfort zones

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 Drawbacks of taking a gap year
DELAYED ACADEMIC OR CAREER PROGRESS
One of the significant drawbacks of a gap year is the potential
delay in academic or career progress. For students, this break
can disrupt their education timeline, leading to a postponed
graduation or challenges in readjusting to academic routines
upon their return. As a result, they can fall behind with their
peers when they return to school. Similarly, workers may
experience a setback in their career advancement due
to the gap in employment history and the need to rebuild
professional momentum.
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
A gap year, especially if it involves extensive travel or pursuing
unpaid opportunities, can put individuals under financial
strain. Supporting oneself during the gap year without a
regular income can be challenging and may require careful
budgeting, savings, or financial support from other sources.
Financial constraints can limit the ability to fully enjoy the
gap year experience or cause stress and worry about future
financial stability.
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KEY WORDS
• Delayed academic or career progress:
quá trình học tập hoặc làm việc bị gián đoạn
• disrupt education timeline: ngắt quãng
chương trình học
• postpone graduation: trì hoãn tốt nghiệp
• readjust to academic routine: thích nghi
lại với lộ trình học tập
• setback in career advancement: trở ngại
trong thăng tiến
• rebuild professional momentum: xây
dựng lại các dấu mốc sự nghiệp
KEY WORDS
• financial constraints: khó khăn tài chính
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 EXPOSED TO DANGEROUS SITUATIONS KEY WORDS
Depending on the activities and destinations chosen during • exposed to dangerous situations: tiếp xúc
the gap year, there is a possibility of being exposed to với các tình huống nguy hiểm
dangerous situations. Traveling to unfamiliar places or
engaging in adventurous activities can come with inherent
risks, including accidents, health issues, or encountering
unsafe environments. For example, a student who takes a
gap year to work abroad may find themselves in a difficult
work environment where they are expected to work long hours
or do physically demanding tasks. This can have a negative
impact on their physical and mental health, leading to injury, or
burnout. In some cases, students who travel or take a gap year
may also be exposed to dangerous environments that threaten
their health and safety. For example, they may be recruited for
illegal or unsafe jobs, or be exposed to hazardous chemicals
and substances. These situations can have serious long-term
consequences, such as chronic health problems, injuries, or
even death

SUMMARY
Taking a gap year can disrupt educational timelines, hinder career advancement, cause financial strain, and pose
risks such as accidents, health issues, and unsafe environments.

Students
DELAYED ACADEMIC
OR CAREER PROGRESS
Workers

DRAWBACKS OF FINANCIAL Limit the ability to

TAKING A GAP YEAR CONSTRAINTS fully enjoy

Accidents

EXPOSED TO
Health issues
DANGEROUS SITUATIONS

Unsafe environments

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 Drawbacks of travel and tourism

ENVIRONMENT KEY WORDS

Travel and tourism, despite their numerous benefits, have a
significant negative impact on the environment.
One of the main issues is pollution. The transportation
sector, a vital component of travel, emits greenhouse gases
that contribute to climate change. Additionally, the waste
generated by tourists and the hospitality industry pollutes
the soil and air, leading to environmental degradation. In
particular, cruise travel has been known to contaminate
water bodies, which can have detrimental effects on marine
creatures and ecosystems.
• pollution: sự ô nhiễm
• transportation sector: mảng giao thông
vận tải
• emits greenhouse gases: thải ra khí
nhà kính
• tourists and the hospitality industry: du
khách và các cơ sở lưu trú
• cruise travel: du lịch bằng tàu thuỷ
• contaminate water bodies: làm ô nhiễm
các nguồn nước

Another concerning aspect is the depletion of resources.

The tourism industry often requires excessive amounts of
water, putting a strain on local water resources. Moreover, to
accommodate the growing demands of tourism, land is often
cleared for the construction of new infrastructure, further
contributing to deforestation and habitat loss. These factors
highlight the need for sustainable practices and responsible
tourism to mitigate the negative environmental impacts
associated with travel and tourism.

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 ECONOMY KEY WORDS
In terms of the economy, tourism is becoming a major industry • uncontrollable factors: nhân tố không
in many countries and cities. However, dependence on this kiểm soát được
sector can make the economy vulnerable to uncontrollable • disease outbreaks: bùng nổ dịch bệnh
factors such as disease outbreaks or natural disasters. • drive up the cost: đẩy giá lên cao
For instance, during times of epidemics or pandemics • pose economic challenges: gây khó khăn
like the COVID-19 crisis, travel restrictions and decreased kinh tế
tourist arrivals can cause a severe economic downturn in • widen income disparities: tăng chênh
destinations heavily reliant on tourism. Similarly, natural lệch thu nhập
disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or tsunamis
can disrupt tourism activities and infrastructure, leading to
significant economic setbacks. Besides, the development
of tourism can drive up the cost of goods and services in
destinations. As the tourism industry flourishes, demand for
various products and services, including accommodations,
food, and transportation, increases. This surge in demand
can lead to inflationary pressures, causing prices to rise. The
higher cost of living can pose economic challenges for local
residents, particularly those with lower incomes. It can also
contribute to widening income disparities, as the benefits of
tourism may not be evenly distributed among the population,
with wealthier individuals and businesses often reaping the
greatest benefits.

CULTURE KEY WORDS

The influx of tourism can gradually erode local traditions
and customs, as commercial interests often exploit them
for profit. In an attempt to cater to tourist preferences and
expectations, some communities may modify their cultural
practices or create new ones solely for commercial purposes.
This can lead to the loss of authenticity and the erosion of
the country's cultural identity.
Moreover, differences in language, lifestyle, and behavior
• erode local traditions and customs: xoá
đi truyền thống và phong tục địa phương
• cater to tourist preferences and
expectations: phục vụ sở thích và mong
muốn của du khách
• modify their cultural practices: điều chỉnh
tập tục văn hoá
• for commercial purposes: vì mục đích
thương mại

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 between locals and tourists can lead to misunderstandings
and conflicts. Cultural clashes may arise when tourists do
not adhere to local customs or fail to respect the cultural
norms of the destination. This can create hostility and
tension between the local population and tourists, especially
when cultural differences are not adequately understood or
respected. Conflicts over resources, such as overcrowding at
popular tourist sites, can further exacerbate these tensions.
• authenticity: tính chân thực
• cultural clashes: sự xung đột văn hoá
• adhere to local customs: tuân theo phong
tục địa phương
• respect the cultural norms: không tôn
trọng tiêu chuẩn xã hội địa phương
• hostility and tension: sự thù địch và
căng thẳng

Lastly, some tourists exhibit poor behaviors while visiting

cultural sites. This can include littering, damaging historical
landmarks, or disrespecting sacred places. Such actions
not only disrespect the local culture and heritage but also
have long-lasting negative effects on the preservation and
maintenance of important cultural sites. It is important for
tourists to be educated about the significance of these sites
and encouraged to show respect and responsibility while
visiting them.

SUMMARY
Travel and tourism have negative environmental impacts, such as pollution and resource depletion. The economy
can be vulnerable to factors like disease outbreaks, and tourism can drive up costs and widen income disparities.
Cultural erosion, clashes, and disrespectful behaviors by tourists can harm local traditions and customs.

Pollution
ENVIRONMENT
The depletion of resources

Vulnerable to uncontrollable factors

DRAWBACKS OF
ECONOMY
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
Drive up the cost of goods and services

Erode local traditions and customs

CULTURE Cultural clashes

Poor behaviors

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