Science

Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Lesson 2
Properties of Organic
Co1npounds

_0•1
) A LTERN ATIV E DE LI VERYMO
DE
Consumer Chemistry - Grade 9 Special Science Program
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Properties of Organic Compounds
First Edition, 2020

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 9

Consumer
Chemistry
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Lesson 2
Properties of Organic
Compounds
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry Grade 9 Special Science Program
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Properties of Organic Compounds!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

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learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry Grade 9 Special Science Program Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Properties of Organic Compounds!

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This section provides an activity which will
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3
 @ Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
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4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Consumer Chemistry. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 - Organic Chemistry: The Science of Organic Compounds
• Lesson 2 - Properties of Organic Compounds

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Understand the history of Organic Chemistry;
2. Explain the vital force theory;
3. Explain the differences between organic and inorganic molecules;
4. Classify common compounds based on physical and chemical properties ; and
5. Recognize the uses of common organic compounds;

5
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. All matter has both physical and chemical properties. A physical property is
one that does not change the chemical nature of matter. Which of the
following is a physical property?
a. solubility c. ability to rust
b. flammability d. reaction with water

2. Which is an exam ple of a physical change?

a. Paper burning c. metal rusting
b. Water boiling d. silver tarnishing

3. Which is an example of chemical change?

a. Wire is bent c. water freezes
b. Wood is cut d. bread is baked

4. Which of the following is NOT a clue that could indicate a chemical change?
a. Change in odor c. change in shape
b. Change in d. change in energy
color

5. What characteristic best describes what happen during a physical change?

a. mass is lost c. composition changes
b. form stays the d. composition stays the same
same

6. What kind of properties result in the substance changing into a new

substance?
a. Real properties c. chemical properties
b. Liquid properties d. physical properties

7. In exothermic reaction energy is _

a. Stored c. doubled
b. Released d. absorbed

8. Which of the following describes a substance that dissolves in a solvent?

a. Solute c. suspension
b. Solution d. concentration

6
9. A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances is called a _
a. Solute c. solution
b. Solvent d. dissolver
C.
10. Which of the following is NOT a physical property?
a. pH c. solubility
b. luster d. ductility

11. Which of the following is a chemical property?

a. Luster c. melting point
b. combustibility d. boiling point

12. Two solutions are added together and the new solution becomes hot. This
tells you that ....
a. A gas is being produced
b. The solution is soluble
c. The physical properties are the same
d. A ch e mical change is taking place

13. When silver comes in contact with sulfur, silver sulfide forms and the silver
appear darker. This indicates that a _
a. Change of form c. change of state
b. Chemical change d. physical change

14. Which change can be easily reversed?

a. Chemical change
b. Physical change
c. Both physical and chemical change
d. Ne ith er a physical or chemical change
15. When a new substance is formed with different properties that the original
substance it is called a _
a. Melting c. chemical change
b. Boiling d. physical change

7
 Properties of Organic Compounds

What is a property?
* A characteristic of a substance that can be observed.
Properties can be broken down into two types - physical and chemical properties.
What is the difference?
PHYSICAL PROPERTY CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Can be observed without changing Can only be observed by changing the
the identity of the substance identity of the substance
Examples Examples
Luster flammability
melting and boiling point combustibility
ductility toxicity
phase of matter (s olid, liquid, gas) pH
density reactivity with water, air, acids, etc
solubility ability to rust
odor

What's In

In grade 7, you learned how to distinguish mixtures from substances based on a

set of properties. In this lesson, we will explore the properties of organic
compounds that distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds.

organic compounds are

h drocarbons & their derivatives Most of the Inorganic compounds
do not contain carbon tom In them

.ri@°o
°o0 0 0
y � Water
Diamond

·:�,
o

fc
o, �

8
 What's New

Activity 1.a. Comparison between Organic and Inorganic

Compounds
Objective:
1. To sharpen observation skills
2. To be able to distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds
3. Classify substances base on their properties
Materials:
Salt
Sugar 10 small, clear disposable plastic cups
vinegar pentel pen to label plastic cups
Water 3 dropper
Isopropyl alcohol (use rubbing alcohol, 70% lsopropyl alcohol)

* In lieu of test tubes, clear disposable plastic cups will be use

* this activity was modified to facilitate performance at home where materials at
home can be use as substitute for laboratory reagents and glassware

Reminders:
1. Read and understand the discussion & procedure before performing the activity
2. Prepare all the necessary materials
3. Have a sheet of draft paper to record your observations
4. Remember to dispose all used materials properly
5. Clean your work area

Discussion:
Organic compounds are distinguished from inorganic substances based on their
solubility in water, melting point and boiling point. This activity will demonstrate
the differences between organic and inorganic substances.

Solubility
The term solubility is a quantitative expression of the amount of solute which goes
into a specified volume of solvent at a given temperature. Solubility varies with the
nature of the solute and solvent and it changes with temperature.
Solubility is defined as the maximum mass of substance that can be dissolved in a
fixed mass of a solvent at a given temperature.

9
 Procedure:
I. Physical Property
Place small amounts of each of the following substances: salt, sugar, vinegar,
water, isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol in separate clear disposable cups.
You may place salt and sugar separately on a piece of bond paper or sauce plate
Remember to label each cup. Observe the physical state (solid, liqu id , gas), color
and odor of each sample. Record your observation.
To test for odor: take a breath and hold while you fan (use your hand to fan) the
air above the plastic cup that contains the samples. Record your observation
Copy Worksheet l .a (see pp. 22-23) on a separate sheet of bond paper, then record
your obse rvations and ans wers to qu es tions .

Observations:

Table 2 . Ph1ys1caIP roperbes ofC ompounds

Compounds Physical State Color Odor
(solid, liquid, J!:as)
Salt
(Sodium
chloride)
Vinegar
(Acetic Acid)
Rubbing alcohol
(Ethyl alcohol)
Sugar
(sucrose)
Cooking oil

Water

Q1. Sugar and Salt have the same color and physical sta te, if both
are placed on an unlabeled container, how can you tell which one
is sugar and which one is salt?

Q2. Water and alcohol have the same color and physical state, if both
are placed on an unlabeled container, how can you tell which one
is water and which one is alcohol?

II. Solubility
In this part of the activity, you will determine the solubility or ability of a given
solute to be dissolved in a given solvent. The solutes you will use are salt, sugar,
cooking oil and vinegar. You will use water and isopropyl alcohol as solvent. For
alcohol, use rubbing alcohol in your home, preferably 70% Isopropyl alcohol.
1. Obtain 4 clear disposable plastic cups, label each as Wl, W2, W3, W4.
Add 40 drops (2 ml) of water to each cup.

1
 2. Add a 0.36 g, approximately a pinch of salt to plastic cup Wl, stir using a
plastic spoon. Observe what happens.
3. Add 0.36 grams (a pinch) of sugar to plastic cup W2, stir using a plastic
spoon. Observe what happens

4. Add 10 drops of cooking oil to plastic cup W3 , stir then observe what
happens

5. Add 20 drops (1ml) of vinegar to plastic cup W4, stir then observe what
happens.

6. Repeat Procedure 1. This time label the cups as Al, A2, A3 and A4. Add
rubbing alcohol as your solvent.

7. Repeat Procedure 2-5. Observe what happens.

Copy Worksheet 1.b (seep. 24)ona separate sheet of bond paper, then record
your observations and answers to questions

NOTE: If the given solute is dissolved in the given solvent, write your answer as
soluble, insoluble if it is not dissolved. If the solute is not dissolved and the
resulting solution forms 2 layer write insoluble/immiscible as your answer.

Observation:
Table 3. Test for Solubility

Solute Chemical Solubility Classification

Formula {soluble,insoluble,immiscible) {organic/ inorganic
water lsopropyl
alcohol
Salt
NaCl
(Sodium
chloride)
Sugar C12H22O 11
(sucrose)
Vinegar CH3COOH
(Acetic
Acid)
Cooking oil C1s H32O 2
(canola oil)

Q3. What did you observe when oil was added to water?

Q4. Describe what you observed when oil was added to isopropyl alcohol

1
 What is It

Properties of Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are compounds based on carbon. They contain carbon and
hydrogen, and can also contain other nonmetal elements such as oxygen, nitrogen
or halogen atoms. The properties of organic compounds are very different from the
properties of inorganic compounds.
Physical Property
The physical properties of organic compounds typically of interest include both quantitative and qualitative featur

Chemical Property
A chemical property is a substance's ability to undergo a specific chemical change. Chemical properties can on
Most organ.ic compounds are nonpolar and thus do not mix with polar molecules like water. Therefore, organi
However, they are soluble in nonpolar solvents. Most ionic substances, on the other hand, are soluble in water and

Organic compounds can be gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature. Ionic

compounds are solids at room temperature with very high melting points. Organic
compounds have relatively low melting and boiling points. The reason for these
differences lies in the type of attractive forces holding the particles next to each
other in each case. Ionic compounds consist of a vast array of alternating positive
and negatively charged ions. Ionic substances are held together by very strong
electrostatic forces and there are no individual molecules present. Organic
compounds on the other hand, consist of individual held together by covalent
bonds. The attractive forces between molecules are weak London dispersion forces.
Since attractive forces between molecules are weak, it does not take much energy
to disrupt them, thus organic molecules have low melting and boiling points.
Organic compounds burn in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and
water. This process is called combustion and it is the process that happens when
gasoline is burned in a car's engine or when natural gas (which is mostly methane)
burns in a stove or heater. Combustion reactions, in general, give off a lot of heat -
they are exothermic. Shown below are the equations for combustion of methane:

1
Ion ic co m pou nds , in gen eral , do not burn in oxygen.

Differences between Inorganic and Organic Compounds

Inorganic Com pou nd Organ ic Compound

Form ionic bonds Form covalent bond
High meltin g and boiling point Low m elt ing and bo ilin g point
Generally solu ble In water and Most are insolu ble in water but are
rarely soluble in organic solvent generally solu ble In organic
solven ts
generally non-flammable generally flammable
In or ganic solu tes are solu ble In Organic solutes are soluble In
inorganic solven ts organic solven ts
Conduct electric current Do not conduct elect ric current
(e l ect ro l yte) (n on-elec tro lyte )
Inorganic compou nds have high The rate of reaction IS slow In
rate of rea ctio n organ ic co mpou nds

Did you know

Miscible & Immiscible

• Two liquids that completely
dissolve in each other are
miscible liquids.
• Two liquids that are not
miscible in each other are CHz CHz CH2 CH2
immiscible liquids. CH2 C H2 C H2 CH2 CH2

• Polar water and nonpolar oil are 0 HO

HOH
HII

immiscible liquids and do not H

mix to form a solution.

Water layer

1
 What's More

Activity 1.b. Comparison between Organic and Inorganic

Compounds
Objective:
1. To sharpen observation skills
2. To be able to distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds
3. Classify substances base on their properties
Materials:
Salt, sugar, candle, lighting match
5 metal tablespoons, dropper
ethyl alcohol (use rubbing alcohol, 70% ethyl alcohol)
isopropyl alcohol (use rubbing alcohol, 70% isopropyl alcohol)
hydrogen peroxide
pot holder or rag

* In lieu of evaporating dish, metal spoons will be used

Candle instead of alcohol lamp or Bunsen burner
* this activity was modified to facilitate performance at home where materials at
home can be use as substitute for laboratory reagents and glassware

Reminders:
1. Read and understand the discussion & procedure before performing the
activity
2. Prepare all the necessary materials
3. Have a sheet of draft paper to record your observations
4. Be careful when using fire, put off the fire immediately after use
5. Remember to dispose all used materials properly
6. Clean your work area

Discussion:
Combustibility
A substance when heated may act in any of the following ways:
1. It may volatilize or sublime leaving no residue. This behavior suggests an
organic compound but by itself is not conclusive.
2. It may burn leaving no appreciable residue when heated strongly. Such
substance is probably organic.
3. It may decompose or burn, leaving an appreciable residue when strongly
heated. Such substance maybe both organic and inorganic
4. It may be unchanged by heat when heated, such substance is inorganic

Procedure:
Combustion
1. Place 0.6 gram (about 2 pinches) of sugar on a metal tablespoon, and heat it
over a lighted candle for a minute. Remember to use a rag or pot holder to
handle the spoon. Observe what happens, record your observation.

1
 2. Place 0.6 gram of salt on a metal tablespoon, and heat it over a lighted
candle a minute. Remember to use a rag or pot holder to handle the spoon.
Observe what happens, record your observation.

Flammability
1. Place 3-4 drops of isopropyl alcohol on a metal tablespoon. Light a matchstick
and bring it close (but not touching) to the drops of alcohol. Observe what
happens.
2. Place 3-4 drops of ethyl alcohol on a metal tablespoon. Light a matchstick
and bring it close (but not touching) to the drops of alcohol. Observe what
happens.

3. Place 3-4 drops of hydrogen peroxide on a metal tablespoon. Light a

matchstick and bring it close (but not touching) to the drops of hydrogen
peroxide. Observe what happens.

NOTE:
If the substance burns, observe the color of the flame. It is recommended
that you perform the flammability test in a not so bright room.

Copy the worksheet on page 15 on a separate sheet of bond paper, then write
your answers.

Data & Results

Test for combustibility

QS. Which of the two substances, sugar and salt, easily melted?

Q6. If a substance melts, what does it suggest? Is it an organic or inorganic

compound?

Q7. Which of the two substances change color after heating? What was the color
change that you have observed? What does it indicate?

Test for flammability

Q7. Which among the three substances burned? What was the color of the flam e
produced?

QS. If a substance burns, what does it indicate?

1
 What I Have Learned

1. Types of matter can be distinguished through composition and properties.

2. The composition of matter refers to the different components of matter along
with their relative proportions.
3. The properties of matter refer to the qualities that distinguish one sample of
matter from one another. These properties are generally grouped into two
categories: physical and chemical.
4. Physical properties of organic compounds include both quantitative and
qualitative features.
5. Quantitative properties include melting point, boiling point, and refractive
index.
6. Qualitative properties include odor, solubility and color.
7. Chemical properties include combustion or flammability and reactions with
water, acid, oxygen and other elements.
8. Sugar, alcohol, and vinegar are organic compounds but they are soluble in
water because of the presence of hydroxyl groups in the structure of sugar
and alcohol and the carboxylic group in vinegar. The hydroxyl group and
carboxylic group gets attracted to H20 molecules forming hydrogen bonds.

What I Can Do

Read and understand the following, and then answer the questions on a
separate sheet of bond paper.

1. You are given two unlabeled bottles, each of which contains a colorless
liquid. One contains hexane, C6H14 and the other contains water, H20.
What physical properties could you use to identify the two liquids? What
chemical property could you use to identify them?

2. You are given two beakers each of which contains a white crystalline
solid. Both are soluble in water. How would you determine which of
the two liquids is inorganic compound and which is an organic
compound? Write the steps that you are going to do in order to
determine the identity of the given crystalline solids.

1
 Assessment

Multiple Ch oice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a fixed
amount of a solvent at a given temperature?
a. Solubility c. boiling point
b. Melting point d. freezing point

2. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative property?

a. Odor c. solubility
b. Color d. melting point

3. All of the following are physical properties except....

a. Solubility c. melting point
b. Combustibility d. boiling point

4. A physical change occurs when...

a. Both the appearance of a substance and its identity change
b. The appearance of a substance changes but its identity does not
c. The identity of a substance changes but its appearance does not
d. Neither the appearance of a substance nor its identity changes

5. Which of the following is true about organic compounds?

a. Have low melting and boiling point
b. Have high melting and boiling point
c. Have low melting and high boiling point
d. Have high melting and low boiling point

6. Which of the following is not a quantitative property?

a. Solubility c. boiling point
b. Melting point d. index of refraction

7. A student wants to experiment with sugar cubes. Which of the following

causes a sugar cube to only change physically, but not chemically?
a. Burning the sugar cube with a match
b. Chewing the sugar cube and digesting it
c. Dehydrating the sugar cube with sulfuric acid
d. Crushing the sugar cube and dissolving it in water

8. A solid brown metal is added to a clear acidic solution. A white powder appears
and the acid solution becomes cloudy. Which type(s) of change has/have
occurred?
a. Only chemical c. both chemical and physical
b. Only physical d. neither chemical nor physical
9. In an oil and water mixture, the oil floats on top of water, this means that oil
and water are ....
a. Miscible liquids c. polar liquids
b. Immiscible liquids d. nonpolar liquids

1
10.A substance that requires low temperature in order to melt is said to have
a. Low melting point c. low boiling point
b. High meltin g point d. high boiling point

For numbers 11-14, recall your observations in Activity lb

11. What was the color of flame produce when ethyl alcohol was
ignited? a. red c. orange
b. blue d. green

12. What was the color of flame produce when isopropyl alcohol was ignited?
a. Red c. orange
b. Blue d. yellow

13. What was the color of residue left on the metal spoon when sugar was heated?
a. Orange c. yellow
b. Blue d. brown

14. What happened when salt was heated?

a. It melted
b. It burned
c. Both a and b
d. Remain unchanged

For number 15, refer to the following:

During a laboratory experiment, four students each combined two

substances and recorded their observations.

Observation of Substances
Student Substance I Substance II I and II Combined
1 White solid Clear solid Clear liquid that remains at room
temperature
2 Clear liquid Blue solid Blue liquid

3 White solid Clear liquid Clear liquid that bu bbles

4 Yellow liquid White solid White solid that floats on top of

the yellow liquid

15. Which student most likely produced a new chemical substance?

a. Student 1
b. Student 2
c. Student 3
d. Student 4

1
 Additional Activities

Examine the picture below, them answer the questions that follow on
a separated sheet of bond paper

Oil and water Etha nol and water

Questions:
1. Are there any differen ces be tween the two mixtures?
2. Which do you think is easier to separate?
3. Find out what method can be used to separate the oil in the mixture of oil
and water
4. Make a research on the following:
a. why does oil floa ts when mix with water
b. how are oil spills cleaned up?

1
References
Caret, R.L.,et .a l. 1997.Principles and Applications oflnorganic, Organic, &
Biological Chemistry. McGraw-Hill: USA

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Notes and Worktext. Lyceum Northwestern.

Prepared and compiled by Chemistry Teachers

https: //www.reference.com/ science/ consumer-chemistrya4a24b973cdade4

https:/ /wou.edu/chemistry/course/online_chemistry_textbooks/chl0S_consumer
chemistry/

www.unitconverter.net>volume>milliliter to drop

https: //Chem.libretext.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic Chemistry/Modules and Websi

tes (Inorganic_chemistry) / Chemical_Reactions/ Properties_of_Matter

2
 NAME SUBJ ECT TEACHE R. _
Grade and Section Date
Activity l .a
Comparison Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Observations:

Table 2 . Ph1ys1calP roper 1es ofC ompounds

Compounds Physical State Color Odor
{solid, liquid, 2:as)
Salt
(Sodium
chloride)
Vinegar
(Acetic Acid)
Rubbing alcohol
(Ethyl alcohol)
Sugar
(sucrose)
Cooking oil

Water

Q1. Sugar and Salt have the same color and physical sta te, if both
are placed on an unlabeled container, how can you tell which one
is sugar and which one is salt?

Q2. Water and alcohol have the same color and physical state, if both
are placed on an unlabeled container, how can you tell which one
is water and which one is alcohol?

2
 Table 3. Test for Solubility
Solute Chemical Solubility Classification
Formula (soluble,insoluble,immiscible) (organic/ inorganic
water Isopropyl
alcohol
Salt
NaCl
(Sodium
chloride)
Sugar C12H220 11
(sucrose)
Vinegar CH3CQOH
(Acetic
Acid)
Cooking oil C1s H320 2
(canola oil)

Q3. What did you observe when oil was added to water?

Q4. Describe what you observed when oil was added to isopropyl alcohol

2
NAME SUBJECTTEACHER _
Grade and Section. Date

Activity 1. b

Comparison Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Data & Results

Test for combustibility

QS. Which of the two substances, sugar and salt, easily melted?

Q6. If a substance melts, what does it suggest? Is it an organic or inorganic

compound?

Q7. Which of the two substances change color after heating? What was the color
change that you have observed? What does it indicate?

Test for flammability

Q7. Which among the three substances burned? What was the color of the flam e
produced?

Q8. If a substance burns, what does it indicate?

2
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