ssPh-Irjn

Hcp amÀKtcJ

M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

COMMUNITY AGROBIODIVERSITY CENTRE
Puthoorvayal, Kalpetta, Wayanad - 673 121
Tel: 91 4936 204477, 207019
Supported and Catalyzed by
Science and Society Division,
Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi
 ssPh-Irjn
Hcp am¿K-tcJ

Xøm-dm-°n-bXv

sI.-bp.-sI. \ºq-Xncn
tPmk^v tPm¨

Fw.-F-kv. kzman-\m-Y≥ dnk¿®v ^ut≠-j≥

]pØq¿h-b¬, I¬]-‰, hb-\mSv ˛ 673121

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 ssPh-Irjn

Irjn Hcp ]p\-cp-ev]m-Z\ {]{In-b-bm-Wv. cmk-h-f-ßfpw IoS-\m-

in-\n-Ifpw ]mtS Hgn-hm°n {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-amb am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®p≈
ORGANIC FARMING: A GUIDE LINE Irjn-co-Xn-bmWv ssPh-Ir-jn. Ir{Xn-a-ambn \n¿Ωn® cmk-h-f-߃,
Malayalam IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, hf¿®m-k-lm-bn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh D]-tbm-Kn-°msX
]c-am-h[n ssPh-h-f-ß-fmb Imen-h-fw, ItºmÃv, ]®n-e-h-f-߃,
a‰p ssPh-h-kvXp-°ƒ F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn®v Irjn-sN-øp-I-bpw, ssPh-
A booklet by Community Agrobiodiversity Centre:
˛-IoS \nb-{¥-W-am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw AXp-hgn aÆns‚ ^e-
M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Puthoorvayal, ]pjvSn \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv ssPh-Ir-jn-sIm-≠p-
Kalpetta, Wayanad - 673 121 t±-in-°p-∂X- v. Cßs\ sNøp-∂X - p-sIm≠v sNSn-If- psS {]Ir-Xym D≈
tcmK-˛-IoS {]Xn-tcm[ i‡n \ne-\n¿Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂p. ]mcn-ÿn-
K.U.K. Nampoothiri, Xn-I-am-bpw, kmº-Øn-I-ambpw kpÿn-cX Akm-[-y-am-sW∂v sXfn-
Joseph John bn®p Ign™ B[p-\nI cmk-Ir-jn°v _Z-embn temI-saßpw
ssPh-Irjn kzo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp Irjn-°m-c≥ {][m-
Date of Publication : 6-11-2007 \-ambpw aq∂v {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Dev]m-Z-\-°p-dhpw
Dev]m-Z-\-£-a-X-bn-ep≈ CSn-hpw, aÆns‚ ^e-`q-bn-jvTX \jvS-s∏-
Photos : Asiya P., Salim Pichan S¬, IoS-tcm-K_m[ F∂n-h-bmWnh. CXn-\mbn cmk-h-f-ß-sf-bpw,
IoS-\m-in-\n-I-sfbpw B{i-bn-°p-tºmƒ aÆn-s‚-^-e-]pjvSn Ipd-bp-
I-bpw, aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ \in-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-
Type Setting : Shyja K.N.
∂p. aÆn-en-Sp∂ Hmtcm Xp≈n IoS-\m-in-\n-bpw, Hmtcm \p≈v cmk-h-
fhpw HSp-hn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂Xv Pe-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. Aßs\ Pe-
Design & Layout : Rafeeque M. Puthoorvayal hpw, ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw aen-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. {]IrXn Irjn, _Z¬ Ir-
jn, _tbm-ssU-\m-anIv Irjn, kpÿnc Irjn, arZp-Irjn F∂n-h-
Printing : Syntax Graphics sb√mw Nne {][m\ ssPh Irjn- co-Xn-I-fm-Wv.

ssPh-Irjn
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ssPh-Ir-jn-bpsS {]k‡n
`qan-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-ZØ Dd-hn-S-ß-fpsS D¬∏m-Z-\-£-aX A\-i-z-c-
ambn \ne-\n¿ØpI F∂-XmWv Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw \q‰m-≠nse
\ΩpsS {][m\ {]hr-Øn. Ct∏mƒ \mw A\p-h¿Øn-°p∂ am¿K-
ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-≠m-Ip∂ h¿≤nX D¬]m-Z-\-Øn\v A[nI apX¬ap-S°v
Bh-i-y-am-Wv. C¥-y-bn¬ cmk-h-f-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw 1951-˛¬ 66,000
S¨ Bbn-cp-∂Xv 2003-˛04 Bb-t∏m-tg°pw 175 e£w S¨ Bbn
Db¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. slIvS-dn¬ Ac-Intem{Kmw cmk-hf D]-tbmKw
86 Intem{Kmw Bbn. IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. 1955-˛¬ 200 S¨ IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-
Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ÿm\Øv Ct∏mƒ 46,155 an√-y≥ S¨ Bbn
IpXn®p Ib-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. eIv\u-hnse C≥U-y≥ C≥Ãn-‰-yq´v t^m¿
tSmIvkn-t°m-f-Pn-bpsS Hcp ]T\w ImWn-°p-∂Xv Hmtcm C¥-y-°m-
c\pw 0.2664 an√n{Kmw IoS-\m-in\n Znh-tk\ `£n-°p∂p F∂m-Wv.
CXv Iym≥k¿, XzIv tcmK-߃, Ae¿Pn F∂n-h°v Imc-W-am-Ip-
∂p F∂pw Cu ]T\w hy‡-am-°p-∂p. IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS D]-tbm-
K-Øm¬ Hmtcm-h¿jhpw 20,000-˛50,000 hsc a\p-jy- ¿ acn-°p-∂ps≠∂v
IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. an{X-Io-S-ßsf sIms∂m-Sp-°p-∂p, BtKm-
f-Xm-]\w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p, Poh-Pm-e-ßsf hwi-\mi `oj-Wn-bn-se-
Øn-°p-∂p, ]cn-ÿn-Xnbv°v h≥ \mi-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂p, kmº-ØnI
\jvS-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂p, tcmK-߃ D≠m-°p∂p F∂n-ßs\ cmk-h-f-
ß-fp-sSbpw IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fp-sSbpw tZmj-h-i-߃ Gsd-bm-Wv.
ta¬]-d™ kml-N-c-y-Øn-emWv ssPh-Ir-jn-bpsS Bh-i-y-I-
Xbpw {]k-‡n-bpw. ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°-\p-tbm-P-y-amb ssPh hf-{]-tbm-
K-ßfpw ssPh-Io-S-\m-in\n D]-tbm-K-{I-a-ßfpw ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬
Dƒs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. tUm. Fw.Fkv. k-zm-an-\m-Ys‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬
ssPh-Ir-jn-bnse A\-i-z-c-Xbv°v ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-am-bpw, kmaq-lo-I-
am-bpw, kmº-Øn-I-am-bpw, kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw am\-ß-fp-≠v. h¿≤nX
P\-kw-J-y-bpsS Bh-i-ym-[n-Iyw k^-eo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n bXv\n-
°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS A\-i-z-c-Xbpw \mw IW-°n-se-Sp-
t°-≠-Xp-≠v. bqtdm-]-y≥ bqWn-bs‚ t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ an° ]m›m-
X-y-cm-P-y-ßfpw ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v Xncn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
CXn¬ C‚¿\m-j-W¬ s^U-td-j≥ Hm^v Hm¿Km-\nIv A{Kn-Iƒ®¿
aqhvsa‚ v (IFOAM)s‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ {]iw-k-\o-b-am-Wv.
4 5
ssPh-Ir-jn˛ ASn-ÿm\ XX-z-ßfpw coXn-Ifpw
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ {][m-\-ambpw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂Xv ssPh-h-f-
߃°m-Wv. AXn-t\m-sSm∏w Io-S-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\mbn K‘-Iw, kky-
P-\-y-Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, sshd-kp-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ tcmK-Io-S-\n-b-
{¥Ww F∂n-hbv°v ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ {]k-‡n-bp-≠v. ssPh-Ir-jn-
bn¬ c≠v {][m\ XX-z-ß-fmWv D≈Xv 1) cmk-h-f-߃°p ]Icw
ssPh-h-f-ßfpw a‰p-ssP-h-h-kvXp-°fpw D]-tbm-Kn-°¬ 2) cmk IoS-
\n-b-{¥-W-Øn\p ]Icw ssPh-Io-S-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂n-h-bm-W-h.
ssPh-Irjn F∂Xv Hcp Irjn-coXn F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Hcp Pohn-X-co-Xn-
bm-Wv. A\p-tbm-P-y-amb Irjn-k-t¶-X-ßfpw ]mc-º-cy hn⁄m-\hpw
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
ssPh-Ir-jn˛ {]tX-yI
- X
- I
- fpw Irjn-ap-dI
- fpw
• {]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßp∂ coXn-bn¬ Irjn-hn-`-h-߃ ssIIm-cyw
sNø¬
• ho≠pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ hn`h-ß-fn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n
aÆns‚ ^e-]pjvSn h¿≤n-∏n-°¬
• hnf- ssh-hn-[-y-Øn-eqsS ]c-am-h[n D¬]m-Z\w
• ssPhsshhn-[yw kwc-£n-°epw \ne-\n¿Øepw
• hntI-{µo-b-amb kw`-c-W, kwkvI-cW hnX-cW kwhn-[m-\w
• Bgv∂n-d-ßp∂ thcp-I-fp≈ sNSn-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hnf-
]-cn-{Iaw
• A[nIw ebn-®p-t]m-Ip∂ hf-߃ Ipd-bv°¬
• {][m-\- hn-fIƒ-°nSbn¬ Bh¿Ø-\-hn-f-IfpsS Irjn-
ssPh-Ir-jn-bpw˛ Imc-y£
- a- X
- bpw
ssPh- I r- j n- b psS {]mcw- ` - L - ´ - Ø n¬ ssPh- h - f - ß - f p- s S- b pw,-
tlm¿tam-Wp-I-fp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø\w kmh-[m-\-Øn-em-b-Xn-\m¬
s]mXpsh D¬]m-Z\w Ipd-bp-sa-∂Xv sX‰mb [mc-W-bm-Wv. ]cn-
h¿Ø\ Ime-b-f-hn¬ ˛ -hn-L-S\ {]{Inb \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂Xn\m¬ aÆn¬ t]mj-I-°p-dhv A\p-`-h-s∏-t´°mw. Cu Ime-b-
f-hn¬ sNSn-°m-h-i-y-amb t]mj-I-߃ ]pfn-°¬ {]{Inbsb (Fer-
mentation process) D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn \¬Ip-I-bmWv CXn-\p≈
G‰hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb am¿Kw.
ssPh-Irjn
ssPh-hf- ß
- ƒ ]nÆm-°v, aÆnse Poh-{]-{In-b-bn¬ ]¶p-tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-I-
bpw, aqe-I-߃ Ffp∏w sNSn-Iƒ°v e`-y-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
cmk-h-kvXp-°-fpsS Awiw Xosc AS-ßn-bn-´n-√mØ hf-ß-fmWv ]nÆm-°p-I-fn¬ sNSn-Iƒ°m-h-i-y-amb aq∂p {][m\ kk-y-t]m-
ssPhhf-߃. Ch aÆns‚ LS\ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw, Pe-kw`c- j-I-߃ AS-ßn-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw Ah-bpsS bYm¿∞-aq-eyw \n¿Æ-
W-ti-jn, kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w F∂nh h¿≤n-∏n®v bn-°p-∂Xv Ah-bnse ss\{S-P-\m-Wv. th∏n≥ ]nÆm-°v, atcm´n
aÆns‚ ^e-]pjvSn \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp- ]nÆm-°v, Bh-W-°n≥ ]nÆm-°v, F∂nh ]nÆm°v hf-߃°v
∂p. D¤-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssPh-h-f-ßsf P¥p-P-\-yw, DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.
kk-y-P-\-yw, Pohm-Wp-hfw F∂n-ßs\ aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn-°mw.
Bh-cW
- h
- n-fI
- fpw ]b-dp-h¿K ]®n-es- ®-Sn-Ifpw
1. P¥p-P-\y ssPh-h-f-߃
^e-]p-jvSn-h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-
P¥p-P-\-y-ssP-h-h-f-߃ arK-ß-fpsS hnk¿P-yhpw a‰p ssPhm- \pw Pe-kw-`c-W-tijn Iq´p-∂-
h-in-jvS-ß-fp-am-Wv. C-h-bn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏-´-XmWv NmW-Iw. Xn\pw asÆm-en∏v XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw
DW-ßnb NmW-I-s∏m-Sn-bm-bpw, ]pfn-∏n® NmW-I-®mbbmbpw CXv Bh- c - W - h n- f - I ƒ klm- b n- ° p-
Irjn-bn-S-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ]®-Nm-WIw t\cn´v {]tbm-Kn-°m- ∂p. sNcn- h p≈ {]tZ- i - ß - f n¬
Xn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv \√-Xv. CXv ]e-t∏mgpw KpW-sØ-°m-tfsd tZmjw Irjn- b n- d - ° p- t ºmƒ aÆns‚
sNøpw. ]®-Nm-WIw sNSn-I-fpsS t\sc Nph-´n¬ CSp-tºmƒ tcmK- {]Xew Bh- c - W - h n- f - I - f m¬
_m-[-bp-≠m-hm\pw CS-bp-≠v. kwc-£n-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. tIc-
XW-en¬ ]g-In-s∏m-Sn™ NmW-I-w DØa hf-am-Wv. ]g-In-s∏m- f- Ø n¬ CXv k¿∆- k m- [ m- c - W -
Sn™ NmWIw kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ°v \√ `£-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂Xv d∫¿
IqSp-X¬°mew Xßn-\n∂v aÆns‚ LS-\-bpw t]mj-I-aq-e-y-hpw tXm´-ß-fn-em-Wv. Hmcn-e, sXm´m-
Pekw`c-W-ti-jnbpw sa®-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw sNøp∂p. AtX-k-abw hm-Sn, aqhn-e, Ie-∏-tKm-Wn-bw,
tKm_¿K-ymkv …dn {Zmh-I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Ah-in-jvS-am-Wv. AXp-sIm- sk≥t{Sm-ko-a, ]yq-td-dnb XpS-
≠p-Xs∂ hnL-S-\-{]-{Inb ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. ]e aqe-I-ßfpw ßn-bh km[m-c-W-bmbn D]-tbm-
Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hen-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ cq]-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw Kn-°p∂ Bh-cW hnf-I-fm-Wv.
sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ tKm_¿K-ymkv …dn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ s]s´∂v apI-fn¬ ]-d-™n-cn-°p∂ sNSn-I-
Xs∂ ^ew ImWn-°pw. F¶nepw aÆns‚ LS-\-bn¬ henb kzm- fpsS thcp- I - f n¬ A¥- c o£
[o-\-sam∂pw sNep-Øm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ sNSn-bpsS hf¿® s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ ss\{S-Ps\ hen-s®-SpØv
aµ-K-Xn-bn-em-hpw. AXp-sIm≠v ]g-In-s∏m-Sn™ arK/]£n hnk¿Py- ss\t{S‰v B°n-am-‰p∂ ssdtkm-
ß-tfm-sSm∏w ]pfn® {Zmh-I-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw AX-ym-h-iy-am-Wv. _nbw F∂ _mIvSo-cnb ImWp-
∂p. AXn-\m¬ aÆn\v [mcmfw ]bdp sNSn-bpsS thcnse apgIƒ
2. kk-y-P-\-y-ssPhh-f߃ ss\{S-P≥ e`n-°p-∂p. CØcw hnf-I-fpsS thcp-Iƒ Bg-Øn-te°v
Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´h ]®n-e-h-f-ßfpw ]nÆm-°p-I- Cd-ßn-s®-√p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v asÆm-en∏v XS-bm≥ klm-b-I-am-Wv.
fp-am-Wv. lcn-X-k-k-y-߃ Dgp-tXm, Inft®m aÆn¬ tN¿°p∂ aÆnse kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn\pw F≥ssk-
k{º-Zm-b-amWv ]®n-e-h-f-{]-bm-Kw. Inep-°n, sImgn-™n¬, ioa- ap-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Bh-c-W-hn-fIƒ
s°m∂, h´ F∂o sNSn-Iƒ hf-{]-tbm-K-Øn\v km[m-cW D]- klm-bn-°p-∂p. CØcw hnf-Iƒ I∂p-Im-en-Øo-‰-bmbpw D]-tbm-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. FÆ-sb-Sp-Ø-Xn-\p-tijw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ssPh-Irjn
6 7
 Inep-°n: sXßn≥ tXm∏p-Ifnepw, s\¬]m-S-ß-fnepw D]-tbm- ßnb kk-y-tlm¿tam-Wp-I-fpw Ch D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. sXßv, ac-
Kn-°m≥ hfsc A\p-tbm-P-y-amb Hcp ]®ne sNSn-bm-Wv. DW-°ns\ ®o-\n, Icn-ºv, ]®-°-dn-Iƒ F∂n-h°v CXv A\p-tbm-P-y-amWv.
AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Cu sNSn GXp Xcw aÆnepw hf-cpw. Hcp slIvS-
ssdtkm-_n-bw: A¥-co-£-Ønse hmX-I-cq-]-Ønep≈ ss\{S-
dn\v 13 S¨ ]®n-e-hfw Cu sNSn-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂p.
Ps\ ss\t{Sm-P-t\kv F≥sskw D]-tbm-Kn®v Atam-Wn-b-bm°n
ioa-s°m∂: ]b-dp-h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ Cu sNSn-bpsS Iºv \t´m, am‰p-hm≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcp ]cmZ _mIvSo-cn-b-bm-Wn-Xv. Ch ]b-dp-h¿K-
ssXIƒ ]dn®p \t´m hf¿Ømh∂-XmWv. ss\{S-Ps‚ Awiw ]®n-e- sN-Sn-I-fpsS thcp-I-fn¬ apg-Iƒ D≠m°n AXn¬h-kn-°p-tºmƒ
bn¬ 0.971 iX-am\hpw DW° Ce-bn¬ 3.71 iX-am-\h - p-am-Ip-∂p. 3˛4 h¿jw am{Xta A¥-co£ ss\{S-Ps\ Atam-Wnb B°n am‰p-hm≥ Ign-
sIm≠v ac-sam-∂n\p 150 apX¬ 250 Intem-{Kmw- hsc ]®ne e`n-°pw. bp-I-bp-≈q. hf¿®-°m-h-i-y-amb ss\{S-Ps‚ 70-˛80% hsc sNSn-Iƒ°v
\¬Ip-hm≥ Cu Pohm-Wp-hn\v km[n-°pw.
]b-dp-h¿K ] - ®
- n-es- ®-Sn-Iƒ Irjn-bn-SØ
- n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ
a‰p-hf
- {- ]-tbm-Kß
- ƒ Ipd-°m-\pw, aÆnse t]mjI Ipdhv \nI-Øm\pw Atkmkvss]dn√w: A¥-co-£-Ønse ss\{S-Ps\ Atam-Wnb
km[n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX aÆns‚ \o¿hm¿®, hmbp-k-©m-cw, ss\{S- B°n am‰p-hm≥ Ign-hp≈ as‰mcp _mIvSo-cnb BWn-Xv. ssXIƒ
Ps‚ A\p-]mXw F∂n-hsb sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ch klm-bn-°p-∂p. thcp-]n-Sn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ Ch IqSp-X¬ D¬]m-
Ch-sb hf¿Øn-bm¬ I∂p-Im-en-Øo-‰-bmbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ipcp-ap-fIv sNSn-I-fpsS ssXIƒ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-
Im´vXp-hc - , Xph-c, XI-c, ]b-dn-\ß - ƒ, sXm´m-hmSn F∂nh CØcw ∂-Xn\v Ch D]-I-cn-°p-∂p. ]®-°dn Irjn-bn-epw, s\¬Ir-jn-bnepw
sNSn-Iƒ°v DZm-lc - W
- ß - f- m-Wv. Atkmkvss]dn√w D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.
3. Pohm-Wp-h-f-߃ ssat°m-ssd-k: sNSn-I-fpsS thcp-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p ImW-
s∏-Sp∂ Hcn\w Ipan-fp-I-fmWv ssat°m-ssd-k. aÆn¬ \n∂p Pe-
aÆns‚ ^e-]pjvSn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p∂ ssPh- hpw, t^mkv^-dkv XpS-ßnb aqe-I-ßfpw hen-s®Sp°p-∂-Xn¬
h-f-amWv Pohm-Wp-h-f߃. ss\{S-P≥ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-t\m Pe-Øn¬ CØcw Ipan-fp-Iƒ klm-bn-
ebn-°mØ t^mkv^-dkv eh-Wßsf Pe-Øn¬ ebn-∏n®v Ahsb °p-∂p. IqSmsX sNSn-I-fpsS
sNSn-Iƒ°v e`y-am-°mt\m Ign-hp-ff sa®-s∏´ kq£va-Po-hn-Iƒ tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ tijn h¿≤n-
Ch-bn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn°p-∂p. CØcw kq£va-Po-hn-Isf hnØn¬ ]pc- ∏n-°p-hm\pw Chbv°v km[n-
´ntbm a‰p-hn-[-Øntem sNSn-bpsS thcp-]-S-e-Øn¬ FØn-°p-∂p. °pw. hr£- ß - f psS thcpI-
ssdtkm-_n-bw, Ak-t‰m-_m-IvS¿, Atkm-kvss]-dn√w F∂n-h-bmWv fpsS D]-cn-X-e-Øn-epw, s\s√m-
C∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ {][m\ Pohm-Wp-h-f-߃. A¥-co-£-Øn¬ gnsIbp≈ as‰- √ m- h n- f - I - f p-
\n∂pw ss\{S-Ps\ BKn-cWw sNøm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-bm-Wn-h. aÆnse sSbpw thcpI-fpsS D≈n-em-bpw
t^mkv ^ - d - k ns‚ e`yX h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° p- h m≥ ssat°m- s sd- k , CØcw Ipan-fp-Isf ImWmw.
t^mkvt^m-_m-Iv{So≥ F∂o Pohm-Wp-h-f-߃°v Ign-bpw. \oe-l-
cnX ]mb-ep-I-fmb A\-_n\, t\mtÃm-°v, Hutem-knd F∂n-hbpw Atkm-f: ip≤-P-e-Øn¬
Pohm-Wp-h-f-ß-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. s]mßn-°n-S∂v hf-cp∂ Hcp
]∂¬s®- S n- b mWv Atkm- f .
Ak-t‰m-_m-IvS¿: aÆn¬ kz-X-{¥-ambn hkn®v A¥-co-£- Atkm-f-bp-ambn kl-h¿Øn-
Ønse ss\{S-Ps\ Atam-Wn-b-bm-°n-am-‰p-∂p. Chbv°v Hcp h¿j- X-z-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ Hcp \oe-
Øn¬ Hcp slIvS¿ ÿeØv 20-˛25 In.{Kmw hsc ss\{S-P≥ \¬Ip- l-cnX ]mb-emWv A\-_n\
hm≥ km[n-°pw. sNSn-I-fpsS hf¿®sb klm-bn-°p∂ Nne-bn\w Atkm- f . Cu B¬K- b psS
t]mj-I-߃, C≥tUmƒ Ak-‰nIv Aæw, Pn_-d-enIv Aæw XpS- ico- c - Ø n¬ Nne {]tX- y I

ssPh-Irjn
8 9
tImi-߃ A¥-co£ ss\{S-Ps\ Atam-Wnb B°n am‰p-∂p. {]iv\-߃ krjvSn-°msX If-\n-b-{¥Ww km[-y-amIpw F∂-XmWv
Atam- W nb cq]- Ø n- e p≈ ss\{S- P s\ Atkmf AXns‚ Ch-bpsS KpWw. C≥U-y-bn¬ Irjn Bh-iy-Øn\p]-tbm-Kn-°p∂
hf¿®bv°v D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØp-Ibpw Atkmf Agp-Ip-∂-tXmsS Ah cmk-h-kvXp-I-fn¬ 11% If-\m-in-\n-I-fm-Wv. tXm´-hn-f-I-fmb tXbn-
aÆn¬ tNcp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. IqSmsX s]m´m-k-yw, \mIw, Ccpºv e, Im∏n F∂n-hbnepw s\√v, tKmXºv XpSßnb [m\-y-hn-f-I-fn-ep-
F∂o t]mj-I-ßfpw aÆn\v \¬Ip-∂p. Hcp slIvS-dn¬ Atkmf amWv If-\m-in\n D]-tbmKw hym-]-I-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. tImfn-tKm˛ ssPh
GI- t Ziw 150- ˛ 200 In.{Kmw ss\{S- P ≥ D¬]m- Z n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xm- b pw If-\m-in-\n°v Hcp DØa DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
s\√p¬]m-Z\w 15-˛20% h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xmbpw ]T-\-߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.
PohmWp IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ
ssPh-Io-S\
- m-in-\n-Iƒ ss{St°m-sU¿a:- t- cm-KI
- m-cn-If
- mb Ipan-fp-Isf \in-∏n-°p-Ib
- pw,
kk-y-P-\y IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ ssPhnI IoS-\n- kk- y - h - f ¿®sb klm- b n- ° p-
b- { ¥Ww ssPh- I r- j n- b n¬ {][m- \ am- W v . temI- Ø m- I - a m\w Ibpw sNøp∂ Ipan- f mWv
2400˛Hmfw IoS-\m-i-I-ti-jn-bp≈ kk-y-C-\-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-™n- ss{St°m-sU¿a. Ipcp-ap-f-Ins‚
´p-≠v. H∂n-e-[nIw cmk-h-kvXp-°-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Hmtcm kk-yhpw {ZpXhm-´w, Ge-Øn-s‚-bpw, C©n-
IoS- ß sf t\cn- S p- ∂ - X v . Hcp kk- y - Ø n\v an°- h mdpw Hcp C\- bp-sSbpw Agp-I¬, ]®-°-dn-I-
Øn¬s∏´ IoS-߃s°-Xnsc {]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ tijn am{Xta fnse Ipanƒ tcmK-߃ F∂n-
ImWp-I-bp-≈q. ssPh IoS-\m-in-\n-s®-Sn-I-fpsS IoS-{]-Xn-tcm-[- hsb ss{St°m-sU¿a \nb-{¥n-
tijn ]e-X-c-Øn-em-Wv. IoS-ßsf BI¿jn-°p-∂-h, AI-‰p-∂- °p- ∂ p. Chsb NmWIw,
h, hni-∏n-√m-Xm-°p-∂-h, hf¿®-ap-c-Sn-∏n-°p-∂h F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ th∏n≥]n-Æm°v an{in-X-Øn¬
coXn-bn¬ Ch {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. H∂n-tesd cmk-]-Zm¿∞-ßsf hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
tI{µo-I-cn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-am-b-Xn-\m¬ IoS-߃°v {]Xn-tcm-[-
kyq-tUm-tam-W-kv: tcmK-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂ _mIvSo-cn-b-
tijn ssIh-cn-°m-\p≈ km[-y-Xbpw hnc-f-am-Wv. ]pI-bn-e-k-Øv,
bmWv kyq-tUm-tam-W-kv ^vfqdn-k≥kv. hnf-I-fpsS {][m-\-tcm-K-Im-
Bcy-th∏v FÆ, ss]dn-{Xn≥ F∂nh Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂
cn-I-fmb ss^t‰m-^vtXm-d, ]nØn-
IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fm-Wv. Bh-W-°v, sImSp-th-en, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xpfkn,
bw, ssdk-IvtSm-Wn-b, F∂o Ipan-
shfp-Øp-≈n, Ac-fn, BØ, \mc-Iw, hb-ºv, BS-tem-SIw F∂n-
fp- I - s fbpw kmt¥m- t am- W m- k v ,
h-bn¬ \n∂pw IoS-{]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn-bp≈ ]Zm¿∞-߃ th¿Xn-
dm’vt‰m-Wnb F∂o _mIvSo-cn-b-
cn-s®-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. ]pI-bne Ijm-bw, shfp-Øp≈n an{in-Xw, ]g-
I-sfbpw ]q¿Æ-ambn \in-∏n-°m\pw
s°- W n, i¿°- c - s °- W n, Xpf- k n- s °- W n, th∏n≥ Ipcp- k - Ø v ,
h≥tXm- X n¬ tlm¿tam- W p- I ƒ
th∏n≥]n- Æ m°v ths∏Æ Faƒj≥, \m‰- ∏ q- s ®Sn Faƒj≥,
D¬]m-Zn-∏n®v hnf-h-f¿®sb Xz-cn-X-
s]cp-h-e-k-Øv, Incn-bmØv Faƒj≥, t{]m´o≥ sIWn, apf-Ip-
s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-hp≈ kq£vam-
an-{inXw F∂nh Ffp-∏-Øn¬ D≠m-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ ssPhIoS-
Wp-hm-Wn-Xv.
\m-in-\n-I-fm-Wv. Ch IqSmsX NmW-Ihpw tKmaq-{Xhpw IoS-ßsf
\nb{¥n-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ss{St°m-{Km-a-Im¿Up-Iƒ: ss{St°m-{Kma ]cmZ IS-∂¬ h¿K-
Øn¬s∏´ Hcp {]mWn-bm-Wv. ]q¿Æ-h-f¿®-sb-Ønb ss{St°m-{Km-
ssPhIf-\m-in-\n-Iƒ abv°v 2 apX¬ 3 an√n-ao-‰¿ am{Xsa hep∏w D≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. Ch-
kk- y - t cm- K - P - \ - I - ß - f mb kq£v a - P o- h n- I sf D]- t bm- K n®v bpsS ap´-Iƒ AS°w sNbvX Im¿Up-I-fmWv IoS-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn\v
sIm≠mWv ssPh-I-f-\m-in-\n-Iƒ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-ÿnXn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Im¿Up-Iƒ sNdp-Xp-≠p-I-fm°n Ce-I-fn¬ ]Xn-

ssPh-Irjn
10 11
t®m, Ce-°p-ºn-fn¬ IpØn- eqsS P\-߃°v e`y-am-°p-∂p. D¬]m-ZI- c
- p-sS-bpw, D]-t`m-‡m-°f
- p-
tbm, sImºp-I-fn¬ \m´ntbm sSbpw ]c-kv]c kl-Ic
- W
- t- Øm-sS, Nqj-Wc - l
- n-Xa
- mb Hcp hn]Wn
Irjn- b n- S - Ø n¬ sh- b v ° mw. Is≠-Øm≥ Cu kwcw-`Øn-eqsS Ign-bp-∂p.
Htc- ° - d n- t e°v 2 kn.kn
aÆnc ItºmÃv, NIncnt®mdv IwtºmÃv, ss{St°m-sU¿a, ss{StIm-
Im¿Up-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.-
{Kma XpS-ßnbhbpsS \n¿ΩmW t- a-Je - I
- f
- nepw Iq¨Ir-jn, Atkmf
Hcp Im¿Un¬ GI-tZiw 18000-
Irjn, arZp-Irjn (LEISA) F∂n-h-bnepw ^ut≠-j≥ ]cn-io-e\w
˛50000 ap´- I ƒ AS°w
\¬In-hc - p-∂p. ssPh-Irjn kw_-‘n®v I¿j-I¿°v Adnhv e`n-°Ø-
sNbvXn-cn°pw. Ch hncn-™n-
°-co-Xn-bn¬ Hcp {KŸ-im-ebpw ChnsS {]h¿Øn-®p-hc - p-∂p.
dßn X≠p-Xp-c-∏-s‚-bpw, Hme-
Np-cp-´n-∏p-gp-hn-s‚bpw ap´-°q-´-ßsf Xnc-™p-]n-Sn®v Ah-bn¬ ap´-bn- ssPh k¿´n-^n-t°j≥
Sp-∂p. ap´-hn-cn-™n-d-ßp∂ {]mWn-Iƒ i{Xp-{]m-Wn-I-fpsS ap´-I-fpsS
tZiob ssPthm-ev]m-Z\ ]cn-]mSn (NPOP) \nb-a-߃ A\p-k-
Dƒ`mKw Xn∂p-h-f¿∂v kz¥w Pohn-X-N{Iw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw
cn-®p-sIm≠v I¿j-I¿°v k¿´n-^n-°‰v \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\m-bn GI-tZiw
Aßns\ i{Xp-Io-S-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥Ww km[-y-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
11 Hmfw kwL-S-\-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Ah-bn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-h-bm-
ssPh-Ir-jn cwKØv kzm-an-\m-Y≥ Kth-jW
- \
- n-eb
- Ø
- ns‚ Wv tIc-f-Øn¬ sIm®n tI{µ-am°n {]h¿Øn-°p-∂ C≥U-y≥ Hm¿Km-
{]h¿Ø\߃ \nIv sk¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ GP≥kn (INDOCERT), Xncp-h√ tI{µ-am°n
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ emt°m¨ Izm-fn‰n k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ ss{]h‰v enan-
kzm-an-\m-Y≥ Kth-jW - \ - n-ebw AXns‚ Bcw`w apX¬ Xs∂ ‰Uv, apss_ tI{µ-am°n {]h¿Øn-°p∂ I¨t{Smƒ bqWn-b≥
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-eq-∂nb {Kma-hn-I-k\w e£-y-am°n {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp- k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥kv GP≥kn XpS-ßn-b-h.
∂p. I¿j-Isc tI{µo-Ic - n®v ssPh-Irjn t_m[-h¬°-cW ¢mkp-
Iƒ, skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, ]cn-io-e\ - ]
- c
- n-]m-Sn-Iƒ F∂nh kwL-Sn-∏n-°p- Irjn-°m¿°v H‰bv°pw As√-¶n¬ kwL-ß-fmbpw ssPh k¿´n-
Ibpw ]{X-am-[y- a- ß
- f
- n-eq-sS-bpw, a‰v Zri-y˛- {- im-hy am[-ya - ß- f - n-eq-sS-bpw, ^n-t°-j\v {ian-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Irjn-°m-c≥ Xs∂ \S-Øp∂ ]cn-
{]N-cWw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hb-\m-´nse ssPh I¿j-I¿°m- {i-a-߃°v Nnehp IqSp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬, kwL-ß-fmbn k¿´n-^n-t°-
h-i-y-amb hf-ß-fpw, IoS-\m-in-\n-Ifpw kzm{ib kwL-߃ hgn j\v {ian-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw DØ-aw. kwLm-wKß-fn¬ Nne¿ HmUn-
D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. I¿j-Ic - psS D¬]-∂ß - fpw a‰pw hn]-Wn-bn-se-Øn- ‰¿am-cmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-I-bpw, a‰v AwK-ß-fpsS Irjn-ÿew ]cn-
°p-∂X - n-\p-w Ah¿°v \ymb-amb hne e`n-°p-∂X - n\pw DX-Ip∂ Hcp tim- [ n- ° p- I - b pw, tcJ- I ƒ ]cn- t im- [ - \ - ° mbn kq£n- ° p- I bpw
hn]-W\ tI{µw tI{µ-imkv{X kmt¶-XnI hIp-∏ns‚ klm-b- thWw. ssPh k¿´n-^n-°‰v Hmtcm-h¿jhpw ]pXp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
tØmsS Bcw-`n-®ncn°p- ssPh-Irjn A\p-h¿Øn-°m≥ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Irjn-°m¿ t\cn-
∂p. Acn, ]®-°d - n-Iƒ, ]g- tS-≠n-h-cp∂ Nne {]iv\-ß-fp-≠v. CXn-te-‰hpw apJ-y-am-bXv aÆn-
߃, Iq¨, tX≥, a‰p-h- s\-bpw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw Xmdp-am-dm°n Im¿jnI hrØn Xs∂
\-hn-`h-߃, kpK-‘{- Z-hy- - Akm-[-y-am-°p∂ cmk-Ir-jn-bn¬ \n∂pw, aÆn-s\bpw A\p-_‘
߃, aqe-yh - ¿≤nX D¬]- ]mcn-ÿn-XnI LS-I-ß-sf-bpw, ]cn-c-£n-®p-sIm≠v Fs∂∂pw D¬]m-
∂- ß ƒ, kk- y u- j - Z\w km≤-y-am-Ip∂ ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te-°p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Z-i-bm-Wv.
t[m¬]- ∂ - ß ƒ, F∂n- ssPh-Ir-jn°v Xo¿Øpw A\p-tbm-P-y-a-√mØ ]cn-ÿnXn Bbn-cn-
hbpw ssPh hf-ß-fpw, °p-sa-∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Z-i-bn¬ kzm-`m-hn-I-ambpw
ssPh- I o- S - \ m- i n- \ n- I fpw D¬]m-Z\w Xmc-Xt- a-y\ Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw. ]n∂oSv aÆv AXns‚ Btcm-
Cu hn]- W - \ - t I- { µ- Ø n- Kyw hos≠-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-®pw _‘-s∏´ ]mcn-ÿn-XnI LS-I-

ssPh-Irjn
12 13
߃ ]p\:-ÿm-]n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X
- n-\\
- p-kc
- n-®pw {Ia-ambn D¬]m-Z\w sa®-
s∏-Spw. aÆn\p kw`-hn-®n´p≈ timj-W-Øns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn®v Cu
]cn-h¿Ø\ Zi (Transition period / Conservation period) 3 apX¬ 5
h¿jw hsc BIm-dp-≠v. Irjn-sIm≠p am{Xw D]-Po-h\w Ign-°p∂
`qan-tb-sd-sbm-∂p-an-√mØ _lp-`q-cn-]£w hcp∂ I¿j-I¿°v CXv
henb Hcp {]Xn-_‘w Xs∂-bm-Wv. sNdn-sbmcp `mK-Øp-\n∂p
XpSßn L´w L´-ambn Irjn-bnSw apgp-h≥ ssPh-co-Xn-bn-te°v ]cn-
h¿Ø\w sNøn-°pItbm, cmkhf-{]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS Afhv {Ia-ambn
Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂v ]q¿Æ-ambn ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-te°v amdp-Itbm
sNøp-I-bmWv CXn\v ]cn-lm-c-ambn \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-h¿Ø\
Zi-bpsS BZ-y-h¿j-ß-fn¬ D¬]m-Z\ \jvSw hcmsX kq£n-°p-
Ibpw ]cn-h¿Ø\ Zi-bpsS Ime-b-fhv Imc-y-£-a-amb kmt¶-XnI
hnZ-y-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Ipd-bv°m≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøpw.
]pfn® {Zmh-Iß-fpw, hf¿®m-Xz- c
- I
- ß
- fpw t- lm¿tam-Wp-Ifpw D¬t{]-
c-Iß
- f- mbn {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v ]cn-h¿Ø-\Z- n-ib - n¬ t]mepw sa®-s∏´
D¬]m-Z\w km[-ya - m-°p-∂p. Im¿_¨ IqSp-Xe - S- ß- n-bX - pw, Im¿_¨-˛-
ss\-{S-P≥ A\p-]mXw Db¿∂-Xp-amb Jc-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ hf-ß-fpsS
{]tbm-Kt- Øm-sSm-∏w, Ffp-∏Ø - n¬ hen-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ ]pfn®
{Zmh-Iß- ƒ aÆn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-It- bm, sNSn-If - psS Ce-If - n¬ Xfn-
°p-Itbm sNøp-I-bpw, ssPh-tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°pIbpw
sNøp-tºmƒ ]cn-h¿Ø\ Zi-bpsS Ime-bf - hv Ipd-bp-Ib - pw, BZ-yL- ´- -
ß-fn¬ Xs∂ sa®-s∏´ hnfhv Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øp-Ibpw sNømw.
kΩn-{i-Irjn
GI-hnf k{º-Zm-bsØ ssPh-Irjn t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂n-√.
adn®v hnhn[ hnf- I ƒ Hcp- a n®v Irjn sNøp- ∂ - X n\v IqSp- X ¬
{]m[m\yw sImSp- ° p- ∂ p. hnhn[ hnf- I ƒs°m∏w I∂p- I men
hf¿Ø¬, tImgn hf¿Ø¬, a’y Irjn F∂nh IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]ip-hn-\p≈ Xo‰-∏p√v Irjn-bn-S-Øn¬ D¬]m-Zn-
∏n-®m¬ asÆm-en∏v XS-bp∂-Xn\pw km[n-°pw. ]ip-hns‚ NmW-I-
hpw aq{Xhpw a‰-h-in-jvS-ßfpw hf-ambn aÆn¬ XncnsI tN¿Øv
]q¿Æ-amb ]p\x-Nw-{I-aWw km[n-°p-∂p. ssPhhmXI bqWn‰v
Irjn-bn-S-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-®m¬ ]mN-I-hm-X-I-tØm-sSm∏w hfhpw
e`n°pw. tXm´- Ø nse sXßn\pw Ihp- ß n\pw Huj[ hr£-
߃°panS-bn¬ C©n, a™ƒ, ]®-°-dn-Iƒ, ssIX-®°, Ipcp-ap-
f-Iv, hmg, Xo‰-∏p√v F∂nh Irjn sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CØcw kml-
14
N-cy-Øn¬ I¿j-I\v ]pdsa \n∂p≈ hkvXp-°sf B{i-bn-°msX
kz¥w Irjn-bn-S-Øn¬ \n∂p Xs∂-bp≈ ssPh hkvXp-°sf ]c-
am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.
hb-\mSpw ssPhIrjnbpw
ssPh- s sh- h n- [ y- Ø m¬ kº- ∂ - a mb hb- \ mSv tIc- f - Ø nse
{][m\ ae-tbmc Pn√-bm-Wv. h≥hyh-kmb kwc-w`-߃ C√m-ØXv
sIm≠v 90 iX-am\w Bfp-Ifpw Irjnsb B{i-bn®p Pohn-°p-∂-h-
cm-Wv. hb-\m-S≥ a™fpw kpK-‘-hy-RvP-\-ßfpw ]pcm-X-\-Imew
sXmt´ {]kn-≤-am-Wv. kao] ImesØ cmk-hf IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS
D]-tbm-Khpw hmgIrjn-bpsS apt∂-‰hpw Bhmk hyh-ÿbv°pw
Imem-h-ÿbv°pw KWy-amb am‰-߃ hcp-Øn.
kzman-\m-Y≥ Kth-j-W-\n-ebw \SØnb Hcp ]T\w kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂X\pk-cn®v GI-tZiw 36-˛-Hmfw cmk-Io-S-\m-in-\n-Iƒ hb-\m-
´n¬ hym]-Ia - mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. cmk-Io-S\
- m-in-\n-If
- psS AanX
D]-tbmKw sIm≠v hb-\m-S≥ t\{¥-°p-e-Iƒ a‰p Pn√-I-fn¬ hn‰-
gn-°m≥ _p≤n-ap´v t\cn-´n´p-≠v. hmg-Ir-jn-bn¬ t^mtd‰v F∂ IoS-
\m-in\n D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xn-\m¬ Icn-™m-°p∂v Kh. bp.-]n. kvIqfnse
Ip´n-Isf t_m[-£-bhpw O¿±nbpw aqew Bip-]-{Xn-bnemt°≠n
h∂Xv Aan-X-amb cmk-Io-S-\m-in\n D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ DØa DZm-l-
c-W-am-Wv. Im≥k¿ tcmKn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-°p-∂Xpw IqSp-X¬
Bfp-Iƒ Bip-]-{Xnsb B{i-bn-°p-∂Xpw cmkIoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS
h¿≤n® D]-tbm-KtØbpw tN¿Øp-hm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
cmk-Ir-jn-bpsS tZmj-ßsf a\- n-em-°nb Irjn-°m¿ ssPh-
Irjn sNøm≥ Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv t{]m’mlP\-I-amb
Imcy-am-Wv. IW-°p-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X\p-k-cn®v GI-tZiw 1,280
G°-tdmfw Irjn ÿe-Øn\v ssPh- k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ e`n-®n-cn-°p-
∂p. ssPh- k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥ e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v apt∂m-Sn-bm-bp≈ ]cn-
h¿Ø\ Ime-b-f-hn-ep≈ At\Iw Irjn-°m-cp-ap-≠v F∂Xv A`n-
\-µ-\o-b-amb Imcy-am-Wv.
]cn-ÿn-Xnsb t\mhn-°mØ sshhn-[ysØ \ne-\n¿Øp∂
ssPh-Irjn ]n¥p-S-cm≥ IqSp-X¬ Irjn-°m¿ Xøm-dm-tI-≠Xpw
ssPh D¬]-∂-߃°v am{X-am-bp≈ hn]-W\ tI{µ-ßfpw D¬]-
∂-߃°v A[nI hne-\¬Im≥ Xøm-dp≈ Hcp kaq-lhpw Cu Ime-
L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-Wv.
ssPh-Irjn
15
 ssPh Irjn am¿K-tcJ

cmk-h-f-ßfpw cmk-Io-S-\m-in-Ifpw L´w-L-´-ambn Hgn-hm-°pI

kpkvYnc kΩn{i arZp-Irjn _tbm-ssU-\m-anIv

Irjn Irjn Irjn

]cn-h¿Ø\ Ime-b-f-hv (Transition / Conversion Period)

ssPh-hf
- ß
- ƒ ssPh-Io-S\
- m-in-\n-Iƒ ]p\x-Nw-{I-aWw
aÆnc ItºmÃv ths∏Æ Faƒj≥ ]p√v ]ip
P¥p-P\y ssPh-h-f-߃ Incn-bmØv Faƒj≥
kky-P\y ssPh-hf
- ß
- ƒ ss{St°m-sU¿a NmWIw

ssPh k¿´n-^n-t°-j≥
Indocert
Ecocert
Control Union Certifications

ip≤-amb D¬]-∂-߃
Btcm-Ky-ap≈ aÆv → Btcm-Ky-ap≈ `£Ww → Btcm-Ky-ap≈ kaqlw

ssPh-Irjn
16