Implicit and

Parametric
Differentiation
By: Ibrahim Mohamed Diaaeldin
 Implicit Differentiation
Function:
𝒚 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + sin 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 4 + ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 6

Implicit Function:

✓ sin 𝑥 + 𝒚 = 4𝑥𝒚

✓ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝒚 − 𝒚2 = 4

✓ ln 𝑥 + 𝒚 = tan 𝑥 + 𝒚 − sin 𝑥
 Implicit Differentiation
How to differentiate an implicit function?
Problem #1:
sin 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝟒 𝒙 𝒚 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦′
Solution:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
cos 𝒙 + 𝒚 ∙ 𝒙+𝒚 =𝟒 𝒙∙ 𝒚 + 𝒙 ∙𝒚
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

cos 𝒙 + 𝒚 ∙ 𝟏 + 𝒚′ = 𝟒 𝒙 ∙ 𝒚′ + 𝟏 ∙ 𝒚
 Parametric Differentiation
Problem #2:
𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙𝟐 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦′
Solution:

𝟏 𝒅 𝟐
𝒅 𝟐
𝑑 𝟐
∙ 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 + 𝒚 ∙ 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 ∙ 𝒙
𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥

𝟏
∙ 𝟏 + 𝒚′ = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒚 ∙ 𝟏 + 𝒚′ − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙𝟐 ∙ 𝟐𝒙
𝒙+𝒚
 Differentiation Strategy
Function Derivative
𝑦 = 𝑥𝟐 𝑦′ = 𝟐𝑥
𝑥2 ′ 𝑥2
𝑦=2 𝑦 =2 ∙ ln 2 ∙ 2𝑥
Step#1 ‘Take ln ( ) for both sides’:
𝑥2
ln 𝑊 = ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ∙ ln 𝑦
𝑥2
𝑊=𝑦 Step#2 ‘Differentiate’:
1 ′ 2
1 ′
∙ 𝑊 = 𝑥 ∙ ∙ 𝑦 + 2𝑥 ∙ ln 𝑦
𝑊 𝑦
 Implicit Differentiation
Problem #3:
𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒙 = 𝟏, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦′
Solution:
Let 𝑾 = 𝒙𝒚 and 𝑽 = 𝒚 𝒙

𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒙 = 𝟏 → 𝑾 + 𝑽 = 𝟏

𝒅𝑾 𝒅𝑽
Differentiate both sides: + = 𝟎 → 𝑾′ + 𝑽′ = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
 Implicit Differentiation
𝑾 = 𝒙𝒚 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐧 𝑾 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝒚
𝐥𝐧 𝑾 = 𝒚 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
Differentiate both sides:

𝟏 ′
𝟏
∙ 𝑾 = 𝒚 ∙ + 𝒚′ ∙ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝑾 𝒙

𝟏 𝟏
𝑾 = 𝑾 ∙ 𝒚 ∙ + 𝒚′ ∙ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
′
→ 𝑾′ = 𝒙 ∙ 𝒚 ∙ + 𝒚′ ∙ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
𝒚
𝒙 𝒙
 Implicit Differentiation
𝑽 = 𝒚𝒙 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐧 𝑽 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒚𝒙
𝐥𝐧 𝑽 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒚
Differentiate both sides:

𝟏 ′ 𝟏
∙ 𝑽 = 𝒙 ∙ ∙ 𝒚′ + 𝟏 ∙ 𝐥𝐧 𝒚
𝑽 𝒚

′
𝟏 𝒙
𝟏
𝑽 = 𝑽 ∙ 𝒙 ∙ ∙ 𝒚′ + 𝐥𝐧 𝒚 → 𝑽′ = 𝒚 ∙ 𝒙 ∙ ∙ 𝒚′ + 𝐥𝐧 𝒚
𝒚 𝒚
 Implicit Differentiation

𝑾′ + 𝑽′ = 𝟎

𝟏 𝟏
𝑾 = 𝒙 ∙ 𝒚 ∙ + 𝒚′ ∙ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
′ 𝒚
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙
𝑽′ = 𝒚 ∙ 𝒙 ∙ ∙ 𝒚′ + 𝐥𝐧 𝒚
𝒙 𝒚

𝒚
𝟏 ′ 𝒙
𝟏
𝒙 ∙ 𝒚 ∙ + 𝒚 ∙ 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 + 𝒚 ∙ 𝒙 ∙ ∙ 𝒚′ + 𝐥𝐧 𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒙 𝒚
 Parametric Differentiation
Function:
𝒚 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + sin 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 4 + ln 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 6

Implicit Function:

✓ sin 𝑥 + 𝒚 = 4𝑥𝒚

Parametric Function:

✓ 𝒚 = sin 𝑡 , 𝒙 = cos 𝑡 + ln 𝑡
 Parametric Differentiation
Differentiate:
𝑦 = sin 𝑡 , 𝑥 = cos 𝑡

′
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦Τ𝑑𝑡
𝒚 = = ∙ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥Τ𝑑𝑡

2 ′ ′ ′Τ
′′
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝒚 𝑑𝒚 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝒚 𝑑𝑡
𝒚 = 2
= = ∙ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥Τ𝑑𝑡
 Parametric Differentiation
Differentiate:
𝑦 = sin 𝑡 , 𝑥 = cos 𝑡
𝑑
𝑑𝑦 Τ𝑑𝑡 sin 𝑡 cos 𝑡
′
𝒚 = = 𝑑𝑡 = = − cot 𝑡
𝑑𝑥Τ𝑑𝑡 𝑑 − sin 𝑡
cos 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
𝑑𝒚 ′Τ
𝑑𝑡 − cot 𝑡 csc 2
𝑡
𝒚′′ = = 𝑑𝑡 = = − csc 3 𝑡
𝑑𝑥Τ𝑑𝑡 − sin 𝑡 − sin 𝑡