RF Performance Measurements and Monitoring

Single RAN Features, Rel.
SRAN
22R1, Operating Documentation,
Issue 02
RF Performance Measurements
and Monitoring
DN255556956
Issue 05
Approved on 2021-11-11
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RF Performance Measurements and Monitoring
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Table of Contents
1 RF performance measurements and monitoring summary of changes ............................... 6
2 RF performance measurements and monitoring overview and benefits ............................. 8
3 RF performance measurements and monitoring requirements ............................................ 9
4 RF performance measurements and monitoring system impact ....................................... 11

4.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring impact on other features ......... 11
5 RF Diagnostic Test ...................................................................................................................... 12
6 PIM measurements ..................................................................................................................... 14
7 RF scanning .................................................................................................................................. 16
8 RF performance measurements and monitoring reference data ....................................... 18

8.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring faults and alarms. ....................... 18
8.2 RF performance measurements and monitoring measurements, counters, and KPIs
............................................................................................................................................ 18
8.3 RF performance measurements and monitoring parameters ................................. 18
9 Activating and deactivating RF performance measurements and monitoring ................. 21

9.1 Activating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM ................................................................ 21
9.2 Activating PIM Desensitization using WebEM .............................................................. 22
9.3 Activating DTP using WebEM ......................................................................................... 22
9.4 Activating RF scanning using WebEM ............................................................................ 23
9.5 Deactivating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM ........................................................... 24
9.6 Deactivating PIM Desensitization using WebEM ......................................................... 24
9.7 Deactivating DTP using WebEM ..................................................................................... 25
9.8 Deactivating RF scanning using WebEM ....................................................................... 25
10 Reset to Test Dedicated State ............................................................................................... 27
11 Viewing RF monitoring results using RF Monitoring tool .................................................... 28
12 Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool ................................................. 30
13 Verifying RF performance measurements and monitoring ............................................... 32

13.1 Verifying PIM desensitization ...................................................................................... 32
13.2 Verifying DTP ................................................................................................................. 34
13.3 Verifying RF scanning ................................................................................................... 35
14 RF performance measurements and monitoring glossary ................................................ 38
Issue 05. © 2022 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 3

List of Figures
Figure 1 RF Diagnostic Test setup ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 2 BTS site information .................................................................................................... 27
Figure 3 RF Monitor ..................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4 Test results representation ........................................................................................ 29
Figure 5 Example of simulation test configuration ................................................................. 31
Figure 6 Example of PIM simulation results ............................................................................. 31
Figure 7 PIM desensitization test settings ............................................................................... 33
Figure 8 DTP test settings .......................................................................................................... 35
Figure 9 RF scanning test settings ............................................................................................ 37

List of Tables
Table 1 RF performance measurements and monitoring availability ..................................... 9
Table 2 Threshold parameters for the BTS ............................................................................. 13
Table 3 Radios supported by RF diagnostic test .................................................................... 13
Table 4 Radios supported by PIM desensitization .................................................................. 15
Table 5 Radios supported by DTP ............................................................................................. 15
Table 6 Radios supported by RF Scan ....................................................................................... 17
Table 7 Parameters introduced by RF measurements and monitoring features up to SRAN
20A ................................................................................................................................... 18

1. RF performance measurements and monitoring

summary of changes
A list of changes between document issues. You can navigate to the respective changed
topics.
Changes between issues 04 (2021-03-26, SRAN 21A) and 05 (2021-11-11,

22R1)
RF Diagnostic Test
Note about cells not supported for RTWP measurements has been added.
Changes between issues 03A (2020-11-30, SRAN 20C) and 04 (2021-03-26,

SRAN 21A)
General changes
The SR002537: PIM Desensitization Measurement Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios has been
removed from the document.
RF Diagnostic Test
FZQB and FZQC has been removed from the list of supported radios.
RF scanning
FHDG and FHGB has been removed from the list of supported radios
Changes between issues 03 (2020-09-16, SRAN 20C) and 03A (2020-11-30,

SRAN 20C)
PIM measurements
Support for NB IoT cells has been added.

AHLBBA has been added to the list of radios supported by PIM desensitization.

RF scanning
AHLBBA has been added to the list of supported radios.


overview and benefits
The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality is a set of radio
diagnostic tests that allow you to create RF characteristics and detect problems caused,
for example, by radio frequency interference (RFI).
LTE1634: Remote RF Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio

The LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio feature introduces a procedure for
testing an RF unit (RF module and Remote Radio Head) that can be triggered remotely,
without a site visit.
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS Rx-Sniffing

The LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature introduces a fast, non-intrusive, and
automated way to detect, classify, and geolocate RFI, such as interference caused by
adjacent sites, illegal emitter, harmonics, and faulty equipment.
The following RF diagnostic tests are supported:
Passive intermodulation (PIM)
Distance to PIM (DTP)
RF Scan
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios

The LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios enhances the
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios feature with support for
additional AirScale 2.0 radios.
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2

The SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2 Radios feature enhances
network monitoring by:
introducing support for additional AirScale 2.0 radios to the LTE5254/SR002227: RF-
Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios feature
improving data collection, by enabling RF Scan on all available Rx ports with one command


requirements
Hardware, software, and license requirements
Equipment preconditions
Table 1: RF performance measurements and monitoring availability
Feature Available since
LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio RL70/TD-LTE 15A
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing LTE 19/SRAN 18A
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios SRAN 19A
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2 SRAN 20A
For 5G supported hardware and software, see Reference Documentation/ Compatibility

matrix and Operating Documentation/ 5G Features/List of Features and Documents in 5G
Operating Documentation.
For SRAN supported hardware and software, see Operating Documentation/Single RAN
Features/List of Features and Documents in Single RAN Operating Documentation.
For ASiR System 5G supported hardware and software, see Operating

Documentation/AirScale Indoor Radio System 5G/ASiR System 5G Features/List of Features
Supported in ASiR System 5G in AirScale Indoor Radio System 5G Operating Documentation.
For ASiR System supported hardware and software, see Operating Documentation/AirScale
Indoor Radio System/ASiR System Features/List of Features in ASiR System in AirScale Indoor
Radio System Operating Documentation.
Sales information
For 5G licenses information, see Operating Documentation/5G and Single RAN
System/Licenses.
For SRAN licenses information, see Operating Documentation/5G and Single RAN
System/Licenses.

For ASiR System 5G licenses information, see Operating Documentation/AirScale Indoor Radio
System 5G/ASiR System 5G Features/List of Features Supported in ASiR System 5G.
For ASiR System licenses information, see Operating Documentation/AirScale Indoor Radio
System/ASiR System Features/List of Features in ASiR System.

4. RF performance measurements and monitoring system

impact
The RF performance measurements and monitoring funcionality impacts the following
aspects of the system: management tools, system performance and capacity.
Impact on interfaces
The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality has no impact on
interfaces.
Impact on network management tools

The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality impacts network
management tools as follows:
Web Element Manager (WebEM)

New diagnostic options are introduced:
RF Diagnostic Tests
PIM Desensitization
RF Scan
Impact on system performance and capacity

The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality has no impact on system
performance and capacity.
4.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring

impact on other features
There are no correlations between the RF performance measurements and monitoring
functionality and any other feature.

5. RF Diagnostic Test
RF Diagnostic Test is introduced by the LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi
Multiradio feature.
The LTE1634 feature allows you to perform a remote RF diagnostic test from NetAct or
WebEM for already deployed BTSs and to verify the RF characteristics when deploying a new
BTS. A site visit is not required to perform the test. It provides the following measurements:
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
Expected Transmit Power (ETP)
The test can be configured and triggered from Diagnostic ► RF Diagnostic

Test ► Test Setup tab in WebEM. The results of the diagnostic are displayed in the
Test Result tab.
Figure 1: RF Diagnostic Test setup
You define the threshold parameters to identify when a test passes or fails the required
criteria. You can configure the thresholds per BTS. For default parameter values, see the
Threshold parameters per valid band class for BTS table. After the test is triggered and
performed by BTS, the test measurement results, including the pass or fail status, are send
to NetAct or WebEM. When all the retrieved measurements fall within the threshold values,
the test is set to pass.

Table 2: Threshold parameters for the BTS
Threshold parameter Default value [W]
Total RF power high threshold 120

(totalRFPowerHighThreshold)
Total RF power low threshold 0.1

(totalRFPowerLowThreshold)
Table 3: Radios supported by RF diagnostic test
Feature Supported radios
LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi FZHM, FZQE, FZFI, FZHN

Multiradio
Note:
RTWP measurements are not supported for the following cells:
FDD and TDD mMIMO cells

LAA cells
FDD NB-IoT cells
When RTWP measurement is unavailable the value displayed is 0.

6. PIM measurements
Passive intermodulation (PIM) simulation, desensitization and distance to PIM (DTP) tests
are introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature.
PIM is a special type of radio frequency interference (RFI), occurring in sites with multiple
cells when two or more high power signals encounter non-linear junctions, or when materials
in the RF path produce resonant frequencies. The created resonant frequencies in the Rx
band increase the noise floor and may degrade a site's capacity. PIM distortion refers to
false signals generated when multiple high power frequencies are passed through so-called
passive components (connectors, cables, antenna). In sites with multiple cells, these
spurious signals are almost guaranteed to occur. However, they are only a problem when
they appear in the Rx band. The PIM tests (PIM desensitization and PIM simulation) allow you
to test a BTS for PIM remotely.
PIM simulation
PIM simulation computes possible intermodulation products, based on a given target carrier
configuration. This can be performed with the RF Monitor tool, which analyzes and visualizes
RF data.
Note:
RF Monitor provides post processing of the captured data only. This means you need
an input data collected using, for example, WebEM or NetAct.
For more information on RF Monitor tool, see Viewing RF monitoring results using RF
Monitoring tool
It does not require the BTS to be in the test dedicated state (TDS).
PIM desensitization
The goal of the PIM desensitization test is to verify if the cell configuration is causing UL
desensitization, which is the amount of noise in the UL signal caused by PIM.
PIM desenstization is only applicable in case there is more than one carrier, sharing the same
Tx pipe.
It requires the BTS to be in the TDS.

Table 4: Radios supported by PIM desensitization
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing FHDI, FHED, FHEE, FHEI, FHEJ, FHFB, FHFC,
FHHA, FHPD, FRCG, FRPA, FRPB, FRPD, FXCB,
FXCB, FXCD, FXDB, FXDD, FXED, FXEE, FXFC,
FXJB, FXJC, FHDB, FREG, FXEB

This measurement can be used to evaluate the physical location of a problem in the antenna
infrastructure (bad cabling, connectors), contributing to a PIM-related issue.
Distance to PIM is only applicable in case there is more than one carrier, sharing the same Tx
pipe.
To have reasonable measurement resolution and accuracy, at least two 10-MHz LTE carriers
must be commissioned.
It requires the BTS to be in the TDS.
Table 5: Radios supported by DTP
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing FHDI, FHED, FHEE, FHEI, FHEJ, FHFB, FHFC,
FHHA, FHPD, FRCG, FRPA, FRPB, FRPD, FXCB,
FXCB, FXCD, FXDB, FXDD, FXED, FXEE, FXFC,
FXJB, FXJC, FHDB, FREG, FXEB

7. RF scanning
RF scanning is introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature and
enhanced by the LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios feature.
RF scanning support for additional radios is brought by the SR002593: RF-Scan Support
for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2 feature.
RF Scan captures the current signal within the cell Rx band. This data can be analyzed for
atypical and odd waveforms and radio frequency interference (RFI). This interference could
be caused by environmental conditions, other high-frequency transmitters, or the BTS itself
(for example passive intermodulation (PIM)). RF Scan collects a snapshot of RF data from the
Rx channel. The received RF data can be rendered for the user in the form of frequency
spectrum and spectrogram.
RF scanning is supported for FDD-LTE and WCDMA.
Several capture modes can be selected:
Composite Rx
Spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of combined Rx signal with power level
correction.
Raw Composite Rx
Spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of combined real Rx signal.
Carrier Rx
Spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of one Rx carrier signal.
RF scan results can be viewed in the RF Monitor tool.

Table 6: Radios supported by RF Scan
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing FHDA, FHDB, FHDI, FHEA, FHEB, FHED, FHEE,
FHEF, FHEG, FHEH, FHEI, FHEJ, FHEL, FHFB,
FHGA, FHKA, FHOA, FHPD, FHPG, FRBE, FRBF,
FRBG, FRBI, FRCC, FRCG, FRCI, FRCJ, FRGB,
FRGS, FRGT, FRGU, FRGX, FRGY, FRHC, FRHD,
FRHE, FRHF, FRHG, FRIG, FRIJ, FRMC, FRME,
FRMF, FRND, FRPA, FRPB, FRPD, FRPK, FRSA,
FXCA, FXCB, FXDA, FXDB, FXDD, FXDJ, FXEB,
FXED, FXEE, FXEF, FXFB, FXFC, FXJB, FXJC,
FXCC, FXEA, FXFA
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AHBCC (LTE-onlymode), AHEGB, AHEGC, AHFIA

AirScale 2.0 Radios (LTE-onlymode), AHFIB, AHLBA (LTE-
onlymode),AHLBBA, AHLOA, AHPB, AHPCA,
AREA, ARCA, ARGA
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 AHFIC, AHFIG, AHCA, AHDB, AHED, AHEB, AHEC,
Radios Part 2 AHPMDA, AHHB, AHBCA, AHMA, AHHA, AHGA,
AHDA, AHGC, AHPC, AHLJA, AHEH, AHNA, AHPD,
AHCC, ARHA, AHEGA, ARPA


reference data
List of management data related to the RF performance measurements and monitoring
functionality: parameters
For reference data descriptions, see Reference Documentation/Reference document.
8.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring faults

and alarms.
There are no alarms and faults related to the RF performance measurements and
monitoring functionality.

measurements, counters, and KPIs
There are no measurements, counters, and KPIs related to the functionality.
For reference data descriptions, see Reference Documentation/Reference document

parameters
List of management data related to the RF performance measurements and monitoring
features: parameters
For reference data descriptions, see Reference Documentation/Reference document
Parameters
Table 7: Parameters introduced by RF measurements and monitoring features up to SRAN 20A

Related Feature Full name Abbreviated name Path
LTE4504/SR001155 Activate DTP testing actDtPim MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM

LTE4504/SR001155 Activate PIM testing actPimTesting MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM
LTE1634 Activate remote RF actRemoteRfDiag MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM

diagnostic test
LTE4504/SR001155 Activate RFI testing actRfiTesting MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM
LTE1634 TEST instance identifier testId MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST
LTE1634 RFREQ instance identifier rfReqId MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ
LTE1634 Target LTE cell test targetLnCelId MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ

identifier
LTE1634 RFRES instance identifier rfResId MRBTS/

MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 Actual start time actualStartTime MRBTS/

MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/
LTE1634 Actual stop time actualStopTime MRBTS/

LTE1634 Forward test disposition fwdTestDisp MRBTS/

LTE1634 RF test result identifier rfResId MRBTS/

LTE1634 RF Result result MRBTS/

LTE1634 RF antenna results rfAntResults MRBTS/

LTE1634 Antenna line identifier antlId MRBTS/

LTE1634 Forward expected transmit fwdETPW MRBTS/

RF power in Watt MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAnt
Results
LTE1634 Forward expected transmit fwdETPdBm MRBTS/

RF power in dBm MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAnt
Results
LTE1634 Forward transmit RF power fwdTPErrorfwdTPError MRBTS/

error in dB MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAnt
Results
LTE1634 Forward total transmit RF fwdTTPW MRBTS/

power in Watt MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAnt
Results
LTE1634 Forward total transmit RF fwdTTPdBm MRBTS/

power in dBm MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAnt
Results
LTE1634 Radio module rModId MRBTS/

MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAnt
Results
LTE1634 Reverse RTWP rtwp MRBTS/

Results
LTE1634 TX antenna VSWR vswr MRBTS/

Results
LTE1634 Reverse test disposition rvrsTestDisp MRBTS/

LTE1634 Test outcome testOutcome MRBTS/


LTE1634 Test outcome additional testOutcomeAdditionalInf MRBTS/

information o MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 RFTHLD instance identifier rfThldId MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD
LTE1634 Band RF test thresholds bandRfTestThresholds MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD
LTE1634 Band class bandClass MRBTS/

MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD/bandRfTes
tThresholds
LTE1634 Total RF power high totalRFPowerHighThreshol MRBTS/

threshold d MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD/bandRfTes
tThresholds
LTE1634 Total RF power low totalRFPowerLowThreshold MRBTS/

threshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD/bandRfTes
tThresholds
LTE1634 RF test threshold rfThldId MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD

identifier
LTE1634 RF Power error low rFPowerErrorLowThreshold MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD

threshold
LTE1634 RTWP high threshold rxAntennaRTWPHighThresho MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD

ld
LTE1634 RTWP low threshold rxAntennaRTWPLowThreshol MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD

d
LTE1634 TX antenna VSWR high txAntennaVSWRHighThresho MRBTS/ MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTHLD

threshol ld

9. Activating and deactivating RF performance

measurements and monitoring
Instructions to activate or deactivate RF performance measurements and monitoring in
the network
Before you start
See Configuring features with Web Element Manager for general management tool
instructions.
9.1 Activating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM

The RF Diagnostic Test is introduced by the LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi
Multiradio and it enables remote RF unit diagnostics.
Before you start
The activation procedure does not cause any downtime, and the feature can be activated at
any time of the day.
Procedure
1 Go to Parameter Editor.
Select from the available options:

Go to Configuration ► Configuration Management ► Parameter
Editor.
Use the PE keyboard shortcut.
Click the Parameter Editor icon in the top menu.
2 Go to the FEATCADM object.
Object path: MRBTS ► MNL ► MNLENT ► FEATCADM
3 Set the Active remote RF diagnostic test (actRemoteRfDiag) parameter

value to true.

9.2 Activating PIM Desensitization using WebEM

The PIM Desensitization is introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing
feature.
Before you start
any time of the day. However, downtime occurs when the BTS is put in a test mode to run
the diagnostics.
Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Activate PIM testing (actPimTesting) parameter value to true.
9.3 Activating DTP using WebEM

The Distance to PIM (DTP) test is introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing
feature.
Before you start
the diagnostics.

Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Activate DTP testing (actDtPim) parameter value to true.
9.4 Activating RF scanning using WebEM

Instructions to activate RF scanning using Web Element Manager
Before you start
the diagnostics.
Procedure

Editor.

3 Set the Activate RFI testing (actRfiTesting) parameter value to true.
9.5 Deactivating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio
feature using Web Element Manager
Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Active remote RF diagnostic test (actRemoteRfDiag) parameter

value to false.
9.6 Deactivating PIM Desensitization using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the PIM Desensitization test, which is introduced by the
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature .
Procedure

Editor.

3 Set the Activate PIM testing (actPimTesting) parameter value to false.
9.7 Deactivating DTP using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the Distance to PIM (DTP) test, which is introduced by the
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature.
Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Activate DTP testing (actDtPim) parameter value to false.
9.8 Deactivating RF scanning using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the RF scanning feature using Web Element Manager
Before you start
The deactivation procedure does not cause any downtime, and the feature can be
deactivated at any time of the day.
Procedure


Editor.
3 Set the Activate RFI testing (actRfiTesting) parameter value to false.

10. Reset to Test Dedicated State

Reset to Test Dedicated State sets the site to a test dedicated state in order to
perform tests.
Access to Reset to Test Dedicated State view: Diagnostic ► Reset to Test

Dedicated State
To perform tests such as LTE Uplink, LTE Downlink, WCDMA Uplink and WCDMA Downlink, the
Execute procedure must be run first. It causes the site to reset to the Test Dedicated
State. While in the Test Dedicated State, the site is treated as Blocked.
While the site is in Test Dedicated State, the icon is displayed in the BTS site
information area.
Figure 2: BTS site information
To leave the Test Dedicated State reset the BTS.

11. Viewing RF monitoring results using RF Monitoring tool

The RF monitoring tests are executed using WebEM, however the results can be visualized
using a standalone, separate tool called RF Monitor.
Before you start
The RF Monitor tool is available together with the BTS software and requires an
installation on a local PC. It is launched in a web browser, similarly to WebEM. Before
launching RF Monitor, make sure you have MatLab Runtime R2015a installed (in the
same version, 32-bit or 64-bit, as RF Monitor). It can be downloaded from:
https://www.mathworks.com/products/compiler/matlab-runtime.html
Procedure
1 Start RF Monitor, using the desktop shortcut.
Step result
A notification informs you that RF monitoring is starting, and a new web browser page
opens. If that does not happen, type http://localhost:8090 in the browser to
launch RF Monitor manually.
2 Load the RF monitoring test result using Load New File.
The files must first be generated by the WebEM RF monitoring functionality. It is

possible to load several files.
Step result

Figure 3: RF Monitor
3 Click on a visualization result to see it.
Step result
The test results are presented in an interactive, graphical form. It is also possible to
save or print the graph.
Figure 4: Test results representation

12. Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring

tool
Instructions to perform PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool
Procedure
1 Open WebEM.
2 Go to Diagnostic ► RF Monitoring ► PIM Desensitization.
3 Click the Eexport Data for PIM Simulation button.
4 Open the RF Monitor tool.
5 Go to the Simulation tab.
6 Set the configuration for the test.
6.1 Set the RAT.
6.2 Load file exported from WebEM.
6.3 Select antenna to be simulated
6.4 Choose intermodulation values.
Note:
Manually choose DL carriers, bandwidth (MHz) and EARFCN or UARFCN to simulate

own values.

Figure 5: Example of simulation test configuration
7 Click the Simulate button.
Result
Intermodulation distribution over frequency is finished without any errors. Two figures are
created: a frequency schematic plot and a frequency spectrum plot.
Figure 6: Example of PIM simulation results

13. Verifying RF performance measurements and

monitoring
Instructions to verify if the RF performance measurements and monitoring has been
correctly activated and configured
13.1 Verifying PIM desensitization

Instructions to configure and perform a PIM desensitization test
Ensure the following:

PIM desensitization is activated.
Make sure that the FEATCADM Activate PIM testing (actPimTesting) parameter
value is set to true.
The BTS is in test-dedicated state.
SBTS with FDD-LTE or WCDMA or both cells on air.
Antenna with at least a TX carrier in two cells and an RX carrier in one cell defined on the
radio.
Note:
If any of the requirements is not meet, you see the following information:
Desensitization test cannot be started because:
- BTS needs to have an antenna which has at least TX carrier in two cells and
RX carrier in one cell defined on the radio module that support this test.
- feature is not activated in BTS. Activation can be done in Feature Activation
page of the commissioning wizard.
- BTS needs to be in test dedicated state.
Procedure

2.1 Select the RAT.
2.2 Select the antenna to be tested.
2.3 Select two cells for DL.
2.4 Set the power for each DL cell.
Figure 7: PIM desensitization test settings
3 Click the Start button.
Result
A ZIP file with the test results is downloaded and saved.

13.2 Verifying DTP

Instructions to configure and perform a Distance to PIM (DTP) test

Distance to PIM is activated.
Make sure that the FEATCADM Activate DTP testing (actDtPim) parameter value
is set to true.
The BTS is in-test dedicated state.
SBTS with FDD-LTE or WCDMA or both cells on air.
Antenna with at least a TX carrier in two cells and an RX carrier in one cell defined on the
radio.
Cells to be tested with 10 MHz bandwidth.
Procedure
2.1 Select the antenna to be tested.
2.2 Select two cells for DL.
2.3 Set the maximum output power.
2.4 Set the velocity factor of the cable to the antenna.
2.5 Set the cable length.

Figure 8: DTP test settings
Result
13.3 Verifying RF scanning

Instructions to configure and perform RF scanning

RF scanning is activated.
Make sure that the FEATCADM Activate RFI testing (actRfiTesting) parameter
value is set to true.
SBTS with FDD LTE or WCDMA or both cells on air.
Procedure
1 Go to Diagnostic ► RF Monitoring ► RF Scan.

2.1 Select the RAT.
2.2 Select the radio.
2.3 Set the cells for UL, if required.
2.4 Select capture type (only supported capture types are shown).
Composite Rx (HBF0) - for spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of

combined RX signal with power level correction
Raw Composite Rx (RxADC) - for spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum
of combined real RX signal
Carrier Rx (FIR9) - for spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of one RX
carrier signal
2.5 Select the antenna for tests.
The All Antennas option is supported only for radios introduced by

SR002227 and is impossible to execute in the Carrier Rx test.
Note:
There cannot be any cells configured on antenna four in case of choosing

the All Antennas or ANT 4 option for testing the AHEGA radio.

Figure 9: RF scanning test settings
Result


glossary
voltage standing wave A ratio of maximum to minimum voltage in the standing wave
ratio (VSWR) pattern that appears along a transmission line. It is used as a
measure of impedance mismatch between the transmission line and
its load.
received total wideband A radio link performance indicator that reects the total noise level
power (RTWP) within the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
frequency band in one cell.
passive intermodulation An unwanted signal (or signals) generated by the nonlinear mixing of
(PIM) distortion two or more frequencies in a passive (or linear) device, such as a
connector or cable.
distance to passive Identication of the location of passive intermodulation (PIM) faults

intermodulation (DTP) both inside the feed system as well as beyond the antenna.
radio frequency Electromagnetic disturbance in the radio frequency range.

interference (RFI)
radio frequency scanning Capturing the RF signal across the whole UL supported by a radio
(wideband RF signal waveform).
non-linear junction A junction (for example p-n junction) that has a nonlinear current-
voltage characteristic.
noise oor The measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise
sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where
noise is dened as any signal other than the one being monitored.

RF Performance Measurements and Monitoring

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RF Performance Measurements and Monitoring

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Single RAN Features, Rel.

© 2022 Nokia. Nokia Condential Information

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No part of this document may be modied.

Copyright and trademark: Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Other

2 © 2022 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information Issue 05

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1 RF performance measurements and monitoring summary of changes ............................... 6

2 RF performance measurements and monitoring overview and benefits ............................. 8

3 RF performance measurements and monitoring requirements ............................................ 9

4 RF performance measurements and monitoring system impact ....................................... 11

5 RF Diagnostic Test ...................................................................................................................... 12

6 PIM measurements ..................................................................................................................... 14

8 RF performance measurements and monitoring reference data ....................................... 18

9 Activating and deactivating RF performance measurements and monitoring ................. 21

10 Reset to Test Dedicated State ............................................................................................... 27

11 Viewing RF monitoring results using RF Monitoring tool .................................................... 28

12 Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool ................................................. 30

13 Verifying RF performance measurements and monitoring ............................................... 32

14 RF performance measurements and monitoring glossary ................................................ 38

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4 © 2022 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information Issue 05

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1. RF performance measurements and monitoring

Changes between issues 04 (2021-03-26, SRAN 21A) and 05 (2021-11-11,

Changes between issues 03A (2020-11-30, SRAN 20C) and 04 (2021-03-26,

Changes between issues 03 (2020-09-16, SRAN 20C) and 03A (2020-11-30,

Support for NB IoT cells has been added.

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AHLBBA has been added to the list of supported radios.

Issue 05. © 2022 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 7

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2. RF performance measurements and monitoring

LTE1634: Remote RF Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio

LTE4504/SR001155: BTS Rx-Sniffing

LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios

SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2

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3. RF performance measurements and monitoring

Table 1: RF performance measurements and monitoring availability

Feature Available since

LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio RL70/TD-LTE 15A

LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniﬃng LTE 19/SRAN 18A

LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios SRAN 19A

For 5G supported hardware and software, see Reference Documentation/ Compatibility

For ASiR System 5G supported hardware and software, see Operating

Issue 05. © 2022 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 9

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4. RF performance measurements and monitoring system

Impact on network management tools

Web Element Manager (WebEM)

Impact on system performance and capacity

4.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring

Issue 05. © 2022 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 11

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Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

The test can be configured and triggered from Diagnostic ► RF Diagnostic