Sr001155 & Sr002593 Sbts Rx-Sniffing

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RF Performance Measurements and
Monitoring
DN255556956
Issue 08A
Approved on 2023-01-19
Single RAN Features
Rel. 23R2-SR
Operating Documentation, Issue 01
© 2023 Nokia Condential Information. Use subject to agreed restrictions on disclosure and use.
RF Performance Measurements and Monitoring

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Use subject to agreed restrictions on disclosure and use.


Table of Contents
RF performance measurements and monitoring summary of changes ............................... 7
1 RF performance measurements and monitoring overview and benefits ............................. 9
2 RF performance measurements and monitoring requirements ......................................... 11
3 RF performance measurements and monitoring system impact ....................................... 13

RF performance measurements and monitoring impact on other features ............. 13
RF performance measurements and monitoring changes to the system ................. 14
4 RF diagnostic test and RF statistics diagnostic test .............................................................. 15
5 PIM measurements ..................................................................................................................... 21
6 RF scan ......................................................................................................................................... 23
7 Antenna line online monitoring overview ................................................................................ 25
8 RF performance measurements and monitoring reference data ....................................... 28

8.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring faults and alarms. ....................... 28
8.2 RF performance measurements and monitoring measurements, counters, and KPIs
............................................................................................................................................ 29
8.3 RF performance measurements and monitoring parameters ................................. 29
9 Activating and deactivating RF performance measurements and monitoring ................. 36

9.1 Activating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM ................................................................ 36
9.2 Activating PIM Desensitization using WebEM .............................................................. 37
9.3 Activating DTP using WebEM ......................................................................................... 37
9.4 Activating RF scanning using WebEM ............................................................................ 38
9.5 Deactivating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM ........................................................... 39
9.6 Deactivating PIM Desensitization using WebEM ......................................................... 39
9.7 Deactivating DTP using WebEM ..................................................................................... 40
9.8 Deactivating RF scanning using WebEM ....................................................................... 40
10 Reset to Test Dedicated State ............................................................................................... 42
11 Triggering RF diagnostic test .................................................................................................. 43
12 Triggering RF statistics diagnostic test ................................................................................. 47
13 Triggering antenna line online monitoring using WebEM ................................................... 51
14 Triggering antenna line online monitoring with WebEM Remote Tool ............................. 53
15 Viewing RF monitoring results using RF Monitoring tool .................................................... 55
16 Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool ................................................. 57
17 Verifying RF performance measurements and monitoring ............................................... 60

17.1 Verifying PIM desensitization ...................................................................................... 60
17.2 Verifying DTP ................................................................................................................. 62
Issue 08A. © 2023 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 3


17.3 Verifying RF scanning ................................................................................................... 63
17.4 5GC000956 and CB007885 verifying RF diagnostic test ....................................... 65
RF performance measurements and monitoring glossary ................................................... 69


List of Figures
Figure 1 RF diagnostic test setup ............................................................................................. 16
Figure 2 BTS site information ................................................................................................... 42
Figure 3 RF Monitor .................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 4 Test results representation ....................................................................................... 56
Figure 5 Example of simulation test configuration ................................................................ 58
Figure 6 Example of PIM simulation results ............................................................................ 59
Figure 7 PIM desensitization test settings .............................................................................. 61
Figure 8 DTP test settings ......................................................................................................... 63
Figure 9 RF scanning test settings ........................................................................................... 64


List of Tables
Table 1 RF performance measurements and monitoring availability ................................. 11
Table 2 Radios supported by PIM desensitization ................................................................. 22
Table 3 Radios supported by DTP ............................................................................................ 22
Table 4 Radios supported by the RF scan ............................................................................... 24
Table 5 Values monitored in the antenna line online monitoring ...................................... 25
Table 6 Error codes .................................................................................................................... 27
Table 7 BTS reported faults and alarms related to the CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4
feature ............................................................................................................................. 28
Table 8 Parameters introduced by RF measurements and monitoring features
........................................................................................................................................... 30


RF performance measurements and monitoring summary
of changes
A list of changes between document issues. You can navigate to the respective changed
topics.
Changes between issues 08 (2022-11-08, 23R1) and 08A (2023-01-19,

23R1)
RF scan
A note on the 5G RF scan-supported radios has been added.
5GC000956 and CB007885 verifying RF diagnostic test
The steps have been updated.
Triggering RF statistics diagnostic test
The Before you start section has been updated.
Changes between issues 07 (2022-08-09, 22R4) and 08 (2022-11-08,

23R1)
General change
The CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4 feature has been added to the document.
RF scan
A note on the AHEGA radio has been added.
Changes between issues 06 (2022-05-17, 22R3) and 07 (2022-08-09,

22R4)


General change
The CB007879: 5G RF-Scan Measurement- and PIM-Simulation Support feature has been
added to the document.
RF scan
A note on the AHEGA radio has been added.
Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool
Verifying RF scanning
Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool
Verifying RF scanning


1. RF performance measurements and monitoring
overview and benefits
The radio frequency (RF) performance measurements and monitoring functionality is a
set of radio diagnostic tests that allow you to create RF characteristics and detect
problems caused, for example, by radio frequency interference (RFI). This functionality
reduces operation costs, because site visit is no longer required to perform the radio
diagnostic tests.
LTE1634: Remote RF Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio

The LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio feature introduces a procedure for
testing an RF unit (RF module and Remote Radio Head) that can be triggered remotely,
without a site visit.
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS Rx-Sniffing

The LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature introduces a fast, non-intrusive, and
automated way to detect, classify, and geolocate RFI, such as interference caused by
adjacent sites, illegal emitter, harmonics, and faulty equipment.
The following RF diagnostic tests are supported:
Passive intermodulation (PIM)
Distance to PIM (DTP)
RF Scan
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios

The LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios enhances the
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios feature with support for
additional AirScale 2.0 radios.
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2

The SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2 Radios feature enhances
network monitoring by:
introducing support for additional AirScale 2.0 radios to the LTE5254/SR002227: RF-


Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios feature
improving data collection, by enabling RF scan on all available RX ports with one
command
5GC000956: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB

The 5GC000956: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB feature enhances network monitoring by
introducing an RF diagnostic test for 5G technology.
CB007885: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB for Scorpio RU

The CB007885: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB for Scorpio RU feature is bringing support
for the functionality introduced by the 5GC000956: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB to
AZQP, AZQO, AZQN, AZQI, AZQJ, AZHL, and AZHx radio units (RUs).
CB006293: RU-Diagnostics Part 3

The CB006293: RU-Diagnostics Part 3 feature enhances network monitoring by introducing
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio measurements to RF diagnostic test, received signal
strength indicator measurements for Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface RUs. The
CB006293 feature also introduces RF statistics diagnostic test.
CB007879: 5G RF-Scan Measurement- and PIM-Simulation Support

The CB007879: 5G RF-Scan Measurement- and PIM-Simulation Support feature improves
network monitoring by introducing RF scan and PIM simulation tests for 5G technology.
CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4

The CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4 feature enhances data collection and network
monitoring by:
introducing the antenna online monitoring functionality for 5G.
The functionality allows you to monitor TX and RX values using Web Element Manager
(WebEM) or WebEM Remote Tool.
introducing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) value monitoring for radio units (RUs)
equipped with external antenna arrays for Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).
allowing you to verify if VSWR value monitoring for Enhanced Common Public Radio
Interface (eCPRI) RUs has been performed correctly.


requirements
Hardware, software, and license requirements
Equipment preconditions
Table 1: RF performance measurements and monitoring availability
Feature Available since
LTE1634: Remote RF-Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio RL70/TD-LTE 15A
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing LTE 19/SRAN 18A
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios SRAN 19A
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2 SRAN 20A
5GC000956: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB SRAN 21A/5G21A
CB007885: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB for Scorpio RU 5G21B
CB006293: RU-Diagnostics Part 3 22R3
CB007879: 5G RF-Scan Measurement- and PIM-Simulation 22R4

Support
CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4 23R1
For 5G supported hardware and software, see Reference Documentation/Compatibility matrix

and Operating Documentation/5G Features/List of Features and Documents in 5G Operating
Documentation.
For SRAN supported hardware and software, see Operating Documentation/Single RAN
Features/List of Features and Documents in Single RAN Operating Documentation.
For ASiR System 5G supported hardware and software, see Operating

Documentation/AirScale Indoor Radio System 5G/ASiR System 5G Features/List of Features
Supported in ASiR System 5G in AirScale Indoor Radio System 5G Operating Documentation.
For ASiR System supported hardware and software, see Operating Documentation/AirScale
Indoor Radio System/ASiR System Features/List of Features in ASiR System in AirScale Indoor
Radio System Operating Documentation.


Sales information
For 5G licenses information, see Operating Documentation/Single RAN System/Licenses.
For SRAN licenses information, see Operating Documentation/Single RAN System/Licenses.
For ASiR System 5G licenses information, see Operating Documentation/AirScale Indoor Radio
System 5G/ASiR System 5G Features/List of Features Supported in ASiR System 5G.
For ASiR System licenses information, see Operating Documentation/AirScale Indoor Radio
System/ASiR System Features/List of Features in ASiR System.


3. RF performance measurements and monitoring system
impact
The RF performance measurements and monitoring funcionality impacts the following
aspects of the system: management tools, system performance and capacity.
Impact on interfaces
The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality has no impact on
interfaces.
Impact on network management tools

The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality impacts network
management tools as follows:
Web Element Manager (WebEM)

New diagnostic options are introduced:
RF Diagnostic Tests
RF Statistic Diagnostic Tests
PIM Desensitization
RF Scan
Antenna Line Online Monitoring
Impact on system performance and capacity

The RF performance measurements and monitoring functionality has no impact on system
performance and capacity.
RF performance measurements and monitoring impact on

other features
There are no correlations between the RF performance measurements and monitoring
functionality and any other feature.


RF performance measurements and monitoring changes
to the system
Changes to the system introduced by RF performance measurements and monitoring
features
The CB006293: RU-Diagnostics Part 3 feature introduces the following changes to the
parameters:
The RFSTATREQ and the RFSTATRES objects are introduced.
The RFRES Reverse SINR (sinr) parameter has been added to the RFRES RF
antenna results (rfAntResults) parameter structure.
The RFSTATRES Ethernet Packet Monitoring (rfEthernetPacketMonitoring)
parameter structure is added.
The RFSTATRES Uptime (uptime) parameter is added.
The RFSTATRES Temperature Supervision (rfTemperatureSupervision)
parameter structure is added.
The RFTHLD RF temperature high threshold (rfTemperatureHighThreshold)
parameter is added.
The RFTHLD RF temperature low threshold (rfTemperatureLowThreshold)
parameter is added.
The RFREQ Target cell test identifier (targetLnCelId) parameter is
replaced with the RFREQ Target cell test identifier (targetCellId)
parameter.


4. RF diagnostic test and RF statistics diagnostic test
The RF diagnostic and RF statistics diagnostic tests allow you to remotely trigger
measurements for radio units (RUs). You can perform a remote RF diagnostic test from
NetAct or WebEM for already deployed BTSs, and verify the RF characteristics when
deploying a new BTS.
The radio frequency (RF) diagnostic test is introduced by the LTE1634: Remote RF-
Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio feature.
The 5GC000956: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB and CB007885: Remote RU-Diagnostics for
gNB for Scorpio RU features extend the LTE1634 feature for 5G (Common Public Radio
Interface (CPRI) and Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) RUs). The 5GC000956
and CB007885 also introduce received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements for
CPRI RUs.
The CB006293: RU-Diagnostics Part 3 feature enhances RF diagnostic test by adding the
signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements, RF temperature supervision,
uptime, Ethernet packet monitoring, and RSSI measurements for eCPRI RUs.
The RF diagnostic test provides the following measurements:
Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)

Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP)
Expected transmit power (ETP)
SINR
Total transmit power (TTP) (only for LTE configured on FZHM, FZQC, FZQE, FZQB, FZFI,
FZHN RUs)
RSSI (5G only)
Note:
For cells with external antenna beamforming enabled, RF diagnostic test results are
aggregated per antenna carrier and reported for half of antenna lines.
The RF statistics diagnostic test provides the following measurements:

RF temperature supervision
Ethernet packet monitoring (eCPRI RUs only)
Uptime
The tests can be configured and triggered from the Diagnostic ► RF Diagnostic


Test ► Test Setup tab in WebEM. The results of the diagnostic and statistics diagnostic
tests are displayed in the RF Diagnostic Test Result and RF Statistics
Diagnostic Test Result tabs.
Note:
RF diagnostic test and RF statistics diagnostic test can be performed only if:
FEATCADM Activate remote RF diagnostic test (actRemoteRfDiag) is
set to true or the Activate remote RF diagnostic test checkbox in the
Test Setup tab in WebEM is marked.
technology under test (LTE or 5G) is in on Air state or BTS is in a test-dedicated
state (only for measurements introduced with the LTE1634 feature: RTWP, VSWR,
ETP, and TTP).
Figure 1: RF diagnostic test setup
Note:
You can set per-band thresholds only when the total transmit power (TTP)
measurement is available. The TTP is supported for LTE only and it is not supported
for CPRI-A-based RUs, and Nokia RUs (including OBSAI and CPRI).
The RF diagnostic test or RF statistics diagnostic test is set to passed, if all the retrieved
measurements fall within the threshold values, or if no measurement values were retrieved.
You can define the thresholds using the following parameters:
RFTHLD LTE band RF test thresholds (bandRfTestThresholds)- only for 4G
RFTHLD Band class (bandClass)
RFTHLD Total RF power high threshold (totalRFPowerHighThreshold)


RFTHLD Total RF power low threshold (totalRFPowerLowThreshold)
RFTHLD RF temperature high threshold (rfTemperatureHighThreshold)
RFTHLD RF temperature low threshold (rfTemperatureLowThreshold)
RFTHLD RF Power error high threshold (rFPowerErrorHighThreshold)
RFTHLD RF Power error low threshold (rFPowerErrorLowThreshold)
RFTHLD High RSSI threshold (rxAntennaRSSIHighThreshold) - only for 5G
RFTHLD Low RSSI threshold (rxAntennaRSSILowThreshold) - only for 5G
RFTHLD RTWP high threshold (rxAntennaRTWPHighThreshold)
RFTHLD RTWP low threshold (rxAntennaRTWPLowThreshold)
RFTHLD TX antenna VSWR high threshold (txAntennaVSWRHighThreshold)
After the tests are triggered and performed by the BTS, the test measurement results,
including the pass or fail status, are sent to NetAct or WebEM.
RF diagnostic test
The RF diagnostic test measures VSWR, RTWP, ETP, TTP, RSSI, RF power error, and SINR.
VSWR is a ratio of maximum and minimum voltage in the standing wave pattern that appears
along a transmission path. The measurements are provided per antenna line when the RU
isn't integrated with the antenna. VSWR measurements aren't supported for RUs with
integrated antenna arrays .
RTWP is a radio link performance indicator that reflects the total noise level within the
frequency band in one cell. Measurements are averaged over a one-second period and then
reported per antenna carrier or physical antenna. For RUs with antenna connectors, results
are aggregated and reported per antenna line. For RUs with array antennas, results are
aggregated and reported per physical antenna. In case of beamforming, measurements for
all beams are aggregated.
Note:
The RTWP diagnostic information is only available for Nokia CPRI RUs.
RTWP measurements aren't supported for the following cells:
FDD and TDD mMIMO cells

LAA cells
FDD NB-IoT cells
When RTWP measurement is unavailable, the value 0 is displayed in WebEM.


ETP is estimated based on effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) measurements, which
are averaged over a one-second period and reported per each tested cell.
RSSI is a total received power, including interference from all sources (serving and non-
serving cells) and thermal noise. RSSI is available only for 5G technology. Measurements are
averaged over a one-second period and reported per antenna carrier or physical antenna.
For RUs with antenna connectors, results are aggregated and reported per antenna line. For
RUs with array antennas, results are aggregated and reported per physical antenna. In case
of beamforming, measurements for all beams are aggregated. When a measurement cannot
be performed due to lack of user traffic, WebEM indicates an inconclusive measurement.
SINR is a measurement that provides information on how strong is the signal compared to
the interference and noise. Average SINR is measured for physical uplink shared channel
(PUSCH) over a one-second period. Average SINR is measured on cell level in LTE and in
antenna level in 5G.
The RF diagnostic test result are collected under the following parameters:
RFRES Actual start time (actualStartTime)
RFRES Actual stop time (actualStopTime)
RFRES Forward expected transmit RF power in Watt (fwdETPW) - for 5G only
RFRES Forward expected transmit RF power in dBm (fwdETPdBm) - for 5G only
RFRES Forward test disposition (fwdTestDisp)
RFRES RF Result (result)
RFRES RF antenna results (rfAntResults)
RFRES Forward expected transmit RF power in Watt (fwdETPW) - for 4G
only
RFRES Forward expected transmit RF power in dBm (fwdETPdBm) - for 4G
only
RFRES Forward transmit RF power error in dB (fwdTPError) - for 4G only
RFRES Forward total transmit RF power in Watt (fwdTTPW)
RFRES Forward total transmit RF power in dBm (fwdTTPdBm)
RFRES Radio module (rModId)
RFRES Reverse RSSI (rssi)
RFRES Reverse RTWP (rtwp)
RFRES Reverse SINR (sinr)
RFRES TX antenna VSWR(vswr)
RFRES Antenna line identifier (antlId)
RFRES Reverse test disposition (rvrsTestDisp)
RFRES Reverse SINR (sinr)
RFRES Test outcome (testOutcome)
RFRES Test outcome additional information


(testOutcomeAdditionalInfo)
The CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4 feature enhances the RF diagnostic functionality by

introducing VSWR value monitoring to CPRI RUs with external antenna arrays. The feature is
supported for 8T8R and 4T4R configurations. Additionally, the feature checks if the VSWR
value monitoring for eCPRI RUs has been performed correctly. The results of VSWR value
monitoring are collected under the RFRES TX antenna VSWR (vswr) parameter. You can
verify the correctness of the triggered VSWR value monitoring by following the steps from
the Verifying RF performance measurements and monitoring procedure.
RF statistics diagnostic test

RF statistics diagnostic test consists of the RF temperature supervision, Ethernet packet
monitoring, and uptime measurements.
RF temperature supervision measurements indicate if RU is about to overheat or if its

temperature is in the range of normal operation.
Ethernet packet monitoring allows detecting Ethernet issues when eCPRI is in use and U-
plane along with C-plane data are transferred through Ethernet packets. The following
measurements are provided:
Received errored frames since start time
Received frames over one-second period
Received multicast frames since start time
Received octets over one-second period
Received unknown type frames over one-second period
Received unknown Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) frames since start time
Transmitted frames over one-second period
Transmitted multicast frames since start time
Transmitted octets over one-second period
Uptime is a time from the last RU reset for CPRI and eCPRI RUs.
The RF statistic diagnostic test result are collected under the following parameters:
RFSTATRES Actual start time (actualStartTime)
RFSTATRES Actual stop time (actualStopTime)
RFSTATRES RF Statistics Result (result)
RFSTATRES Ethernet Packet Monitoring (rfEthernetPacketMonitoring)
RFSTATRES Port (port)
RFSTATRES Received Errored Frames (receivedErroredFrames)
RFSTATRES Received Frames (receivedFrames)


RFSTATRES Received Multicast Frames (receivedMulticastFrames)
RFSTATRES Received Octets (receivedOctets)
RFSTATRES Received Unknown Type Frames (receivedUnknownTypeFrames)
RFSTATRES Received Unknown VLAN Frames (receivedUnknownVLANFrames)
RFSTATRES Start Time (startTime)
RFSTATRES Transmitted Frames (transmittedFrames)
RFSTATRES Transmitted Multicast Frames
(transmittedMulticastFrames)
RFSTATRES Transmitted Octets (transmittedOctets)
RFSTATRES Temperature Supervision (rfTemperatureSupervision)
RFSTATRES Sensor Name (sensorName)
RFSTATRES Temperature Value (temperatureValue)
RFSTATRES Test outcome (testOutcome)
RFSTATRES Test outcome additional information
(testOutcomeAdditionalInfo)
RFSTATRES Uptime (uptime)


5. PIM measurements
Passive intermodulation (PIM) simulation, desensitization and distance to PIM (DTP) tests
are introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature.
PIM is a special type of radio frequency interference (RFI), occurring in sites with multiple
cells when two or more high power signals encounter non-linear junctions, or when materials
in the RF path produce resonant frequencies. The created resonant frequencies in the Rx
band increase the noise floor and may degrade a site capacity. PIM distortion refers to false
signals generated when multiple high power frequencies are passed through so-called
passive components (connectors, cables, antenna). In sites with multiple cells, these
spurious signals are almost guaranteed to occur. However, they are only a problem when
they appear in the Rx band. The PIM tests (PIM desensitization and PIM simulation) allow you
to test a BTS for PIM remotely.
PIM simulation
PIM simulation computes possible intermodulation products, based on a given target carrier
configuration. This can be performed with the RF Monitor tool, which analyzes and visualizes
RF data.
Note:
RF Monitor provides post processing of the captured data only. This means you need
an input data collected using, for example, WebEM or NetAct.
For more information on RF Monitor tool, see Viewing RF monitoring results using RF
Monitoring tool
It doesn't require the BTS to be in the test dedicated state (TDS).
PIM desensitization
The goal of the PIM desensitization test is to verify if the cell configuration is causing UL
desensitization, which is the amount of noise in the UL signal caused by PIM.
PIM desensitization is only applicable in case there is more than one carrier, sharing the
same Tx pipe.
It requires the BTS to be in the TDS.


Table 2: Radios supported by PIM desensitization
Feature Supported radios
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing FHDI, FHED, FHEE, FHEI, FHEJ, FHFB, FHFC,
FHHA, FHPD, FRCG, FRPA, FRPB, FRPD, FXCB,
FXCB, FXCD, FXDB, FXDD, FXED, FXEE, FXFC,
FXJB, FXJC, FHDB, FREG, FXEB

This measurement can be used to evaluate the physical location of a problem in the antenna
infrastructure (bad cabling, connectors), contributing to a PIM-related issue.
Distance to PIM is only applicable in case there is more than one carrier, sharing the same Tx
pipe.
To have reasonable measurement resolution and accuracy, at least two 10-MHz LTE carriers
must be commissioned.
It requires the BTS to be in the TDS.
Table 3: Radios supported by DTP
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing FHDI, FHED, FHEE, FHEI, FHEJ, FHFB, FHFC,
FHHA, FHPD, FRCG, FRPA, FRPB, FRPD, FXCB,
FXCB, FXCD, FXDB, FXDD, FXED, FXEE, FXFC,
FXJB, FXJC, FHDB, FREG, FXEB


6. RF scan
An RF scan functionality captures an RX channel signal within the cell to detect any
atypical waveforms and radio frequency interference (RFI).
The RF scan collects a snapshot of RF data from the RX channel. The received RF data is
rendered with RF Monitor Tool in the form of a frequency spectrum and a spectrogram. For
more information on viewing results using RF Monitor Tool, see Viewing RF monitoring
results using RF Monitoring tool. Data of the captured signal can be analyzed for atypical
waveforms and RFI. RFI is caused by:
environmental conditions.
other high-frequency transmitters.
the BTS itself, due to distortions such as passive intermodulation (PIM).
RF scan is introduced and improved by the following features:

LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios Part 2
CB007879: 5G RF-Scan Measurement and PIM-Simulation Support
The CB007879 feature introduces also introduces PIM simulation support to 5G. For more
information see, PIM simulation.
RF scanning is supported in 5G, 4G FDD, and 3G.
You can select one of the following RF scan capture modes:
Composite RX: monitoring of the UL spectrum of a combined RX signal with the power
level correction
Raw Composite RX: monitoring of the UL spectrum of a combined RX signal
Carrier RX: monitoring of the UL spectrum of one RX carrier signal


Table 4: Radios supported by the RF scan
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing FHDA, FHDB, FHDI, FHEA, FHEB, FHED, FHEE,
FHEF, FHEG, FHEH, FHEI, FHEJ, FHEL, FHFB,
FHGA, FHKA, FHOA, FHPD, FHPG, FRBE, FRBF,
FRBG, FRBI, FRCC, FRCG, FRCI, FRCJ, FRGB,
FRGS, FRGT, FRGU, FRGX, FRGY, FRHC, FRHD,
FRHE, FRHF, FRHG, FRIG, FRIJ, FRMC, FRME,
FRMF, FRND, FRPA, FRPB, FRPD, FRPK, FRSA,
FXCA, FXCB, FXDA, FXDB, FXDD, FXDJ, FXEB,
FXED, FXEE, FXEF, FXFB, FXFC, FXJB, FXJC,
FXCC, FXEA, FXFA
LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AHBCC (4G-only mode), AHEGB, AHEGC, AHFIA
AirScale 2.0 Radios (4G-only mode), AHFIB, AHLBA (4G-only mode),
AHLBBA, AHLOA, AHPB, AHPCA, AREA, ARCA,
ARGA
SR002593: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 AHFIC, AHFIG, AHCA, AHDB, AHED, AHEB, AHEC,
Radios Part 2 AHPMDA, AHHB, AHBCA, AHMA, AHHA, AHGA,
AHDA, AHGC, AHPC, AHLJA, AHEH, AHNA, AHPD,
AHCC, ARHA, AHEGA, ARPA
CB007879: 5G RF-Scan Measurement and AHBCA, AHBCC, AHBCD, AHBOA, AHCA (B),
PIM-Simulation Support AHCF, AHDC, AHEB, AHEGB, AHEGC, AHEGF,
AHEH, AHFIA, AHFIC, AHFIG, AHGD, AHGF, AHHB,
AHLBA, AHLBBA, AHNA, AHPB, AHPCA, AHPDA,
AHPMDH
Note:
The Composite Rx (HBF0) option of the RF scan functionality isn't supported on

the AHEGA radio.
The Raw Composite Rx (RxADC) option of the RF scan functionality isn't

supported on RF6.2 FDD RRH.
Note:
The 5G RF scan measurement functionality introduced by the CB007879 feature is

supported only for the radios specified in the above table for the CB007879 feature.


7. Antenna line online monitoring overview
The CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4 feature brings the antenna line online monitoring
functionality to Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) and Common Public
Radio Interface (CPRI) radios with configured 5G cells. You can trigger the monitoring in
WebEM or WebEM Remote Tool.
Before the CB008562 feature, the antenna line online monitoring functionality was available
for radios with only 2G, 3G and 4G cells configured. With the CB008562 feature, you trigger
monitoring of the following values in WebEM or WebEM Remote tool for eCPRI and CPRI
radios with 5G cells configured:
Table 5: Values monitored in the antenna line online monitoring
Monitored values Monitored hardware unit
Voltage standing wave ratio Antenna line or array element of antenna array
Received signal strength indicator Carrier in cells configured on CPRI and eCPRI
radios
Received total wideband power Carrier only in cells configured on CPRI radios
TX power Expected TX power on 5G cell level
Antenna line online monitoring functionality in WebEM

You trigger the antenna line online monitoring functionality through WebEM or by using
command-line interface (CLI) allowed by WebEM Remote Tool. The results of antenna line
online monitoring are displayed in the Monitored values (PC time used) section of
WebEM graphical user interface (GUI) every few seconds. When you terminate the
monitoring, you can save the results in a .csv file.
To trigger the antenna online monitoring functionality in WebEM, see Triggering antenna line
online monitoring using WebEM section. For information on triggering the functionality using
WebEM Remote Tool see Antenna line online monitoring functionality triggered with WebEM
Remote Tool section.
If requested monitoring of a specific value is unavailable or not supported, but a cell or an

antenna line is active, WebEM GUI displays - in the black color for the monitored value.
WebEM GUI displays - in the red color if the value monitoring is available or supported, but


can't be performed due to:
a faulty antenna or cell.
locked hardware.
a cell reset.
a reset of the resource to which the cell is mapped.
a blocked cell.
Note:
For cells with external antenna beamforming enabled, antenna line online monitoring
results are aggregated per antenna carrier and reported for half of antenna lines.
Antenna line online monitoring functionality triggered with WebEM

Remote Tool
You can trigger the antenna line online monitoring functionality using the CLI commands
introduced by the CB008562 feature:
The startANTLOnlineMonitoring command to start antenna online monitoring.
The stopANTLOnlineMonitoring command to stop antenna online monitoring.
To perform antenna line online monitoring using CLI, you need to:
1. Download the tool from the Support Portal. For details, see Operating
Documentation/Single RAN System/WebEM Remote Tool/Downloading WebEM Remote
Tool from Support Portal.
2. Enable CLI commands in WebEM.
You can do it by setting the FEATCADM Activate CLI (actCli) parameter to true. CLI
is supported both in the Server mode and Standalone mode. To read more about
availability and operability, see Operating Documentation/Single RAN System/WebEM
Remote Tool/Availability and operating mode.
3. Follow the steps from Operating Documentation/Single RAN System/WebEM Remote
Tool/startANTLOnlineMonitoring and Operating Documentation/Single RAN
System/WebEM Remote Tool/stopANTLOnlineMonitoring.
When the CLI requests sent with the startANTLOnlineMonitoring and

stopANTLOnlineMonitoring commands fail, the following error codes are displayed:


Table 6: Error codes
Error code Name Related command
30 Unsupported targets are startANTLOnlineMonitoring

selected
69 Operation failed stopANTLOnlineMonitoring

startANTLOnlineMonitoring
70 Object not found startANTLOnlineMonitoring
The Unsupported targets are selected error code appears when:

The selected target isn't an antenna or an antenna line.
The selected target isn't commissioned.
A corresponding radio unit of the selected target is disabled.
A corresponding target antenna is disabled
There's no cell configured on the selected target.
The Operation failed error code appears when the BTS sends information that the
operation failed.
The Object not found error code appears when the target doesn't exist or isn't
commissioned, but its runtime object exists.
If the monitoring triggered with the use of CLI commands is unavailable due to a fault or an
unsupported source, the output .json file shows - for the monitored value.
Antenna line online monitoring results collection

The antenna line online monitoring results are collected during an existing active session in
WebEM or WebEM Remote Tool until they are terminated. If the session is interrupted during
monitoring, the monitoring is stopped. Results that have already been collected are saved in
a .csv file for WebEM and in .json file for WebEM Remote Tool.
When the session is interrupted, the monitoring continues only if there's another active
session in which you're checking the same resources. In the case of a reset of a radio unit
(RU), capacity plug-in unit, radio access technology (RAT), or a cell during antenna online
monitoring, the BTS restarts the monitoring when the RU, capacity plug-in unit, RAT, or a cell
is back operational.


reference data
List of management data related to the RF performance measurements and monitoring
functionality: parameters
For reference data descriptions, see Reference Documentation/Reference document.
8.1 RF performance measurements and monitoring faults

and alarms.
There are alarms and faults related to the RF performance measurements and monitoring
functionality.
Table 7: BTS reported faults and alarms related to the CB008562: RU-Diagnostics Part 4
feature
Fault ID Fault name Reported alarm
1837 VSWR Major Alarm 7113 BASE STATION ANTENNA LINE

PROBLEM
7115 BASE STATION INFORMATION
7652 BASE STATION NOTIFICATION
7653 CELL FAULTY
7654 CELL OPERATION DEGRADED
1838 VSWR Minor Alarm 7113 BASE STATION ANTENNA LINE

PROBLEM
7115 BASE STATION INFORMATION
7653 CELL FAULTY
1957 Antenna line 7113 BASE STATION ANTENNA LINE

switched off due PROBLEM
to high VSWR 7115 BASE STATION INFORMATION
7653 CELL FAULTY


8.2 RF performance measurements and monitoring
measurements, counters, and KPIs
There are no measurements, counters, or KPIs related to the functionality.
For reference data descriptions, see Reference Documentation/Reference document
8.3 RF performance measurements and monitoring

parameters
List of management data related to the RF performance measurements and monitoring
features: parameters
For reference data descriptions, see Reference Documentation/Reference document
Parameters


Table 8: Parameters introduced by RF measurements and monitoring features
Related Full name Abbreviated name Path

Feature
LTE4504, Activate DTP actDtPim MRBTS/

SR001155 testing MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM
LTE4504, Activate PIM actPimTesting MRBTS/

SR001155 testing MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM
LTE1634, Activate remote actRemoteRfDiag MRBTS/

CB008562 RF diagnostic MNL/MNLENT/FEATCADM
test
5GC000956 SBTS antenna mtSBTSAntennaLi MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/PM

line management ne MNL
measurement
interval
LTE4504, Activate RFI actRfiTesting MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/FEA

SR001155 testing TCADM
LTE1634 TEST instance testId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

identifier T
LTE1634 RFREQ instance rfReqId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

identifier T/RFREQ
5GC000956 Target cell type targetCellType MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

for the test T/RFREQ
LTE1634 Target LTE cell targetCellId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

test identifier T/RFREQ
LTE1634 RFRES instance rfResId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

identifier T/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 Actual start actualStartTime MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

time T/RFREQ/RFRES/
LTE1634 Actual stop time actualStopTime MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

T/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 Forward test fwdTestDisp MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

disposition T/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 RF test result rfResId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

identifier T/RFREQ/RFRES


Feature
LTE1634 RF Result result MRBTS/

MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFRE
Q/RFRES
LTE1634 RF antenna rfAntResults MRBTS/

results MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFRE
Q/RFRES
LTE1634 Antenna line antlId MRBTS/

identifier MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFRE
Q/RFRES
LTE1634 Forward expected fwdETPW MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

transmit RF T/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAntR
power in Watt esults
LTE1634 Forward expected fwdETPdBm MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

power in dBm esults
LTE1634 Forward transmit fwdTPError MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

RF power error T/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAntR
in dB esults
LTE1634 Forward total fwdTTPW MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

power in Watt esults
LTE1634 Forward total fwdTTPdBm MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

power in dBm esults
LTE1634 Radio module rModId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

T/RFREQ/RFRES/rfAntR
esults
5GC000956 Reverse RSSI rssi MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

esults
LTE1634 Reverse RTWP rtwp MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

esults


Feature
CB006293 Reverse SINR sinr MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

esults
LTE1634 TX antenna VSWR vswr MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

esults
LTE1634 Reverse test rvrsTestDisp MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

disposition T/RFREQ/RFRES
CB006293 Reverse SINR sinr MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

T/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 Test outcome testOutcome MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

T/RFREQ/RFRES
LTE1634 Test outcome testOutcomeAddi MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

additional tionalInfo T/RFREQ/RFRES
information
CB006293 RFSTATREQ rfStatReqId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

instance T/RFSTATREQ
identifier
CB006293 Target Radio targetRModId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Module test T/RFSTATREQ
identifier
CB006293 Actual start actualStartTime MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

time T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
CB006293 Actual stop time actualStopTime MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
CB006293 RF Statistics result MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Result T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
CB006293 Ethernet Packet rfEthernetPacke MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Monitoring tMonitoring T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
CB006293 Port port MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring


Feature
CB006293 Received Errored receivedErrored MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Frames Frames T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Received Frames receivedFrames MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Received receivedMultica MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Multicast Frames stFrames T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Received Octets receivedOctets MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Received Unknown receivedUnknown MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Type Frames TypeFrames T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Start Time startTime MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Transmitted transmittedFram MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Frames es T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Transmitted transmittedMult MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Multicast Frames icastFrames T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring
CB006293 Transmitted transmittedOcte MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Octets ts T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfEthernetPacketM
onitoring


Feature
CB006293 RFSTATRES rfStatResId MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

instance T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
identifier
CB006293 Temperature rfTemperatureSu MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Supervision pervision T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
CB006293 Sensor Name sensorName MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

/rfTemperatureSupe
rvision
CB006293 Temperature temperatureValu MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

Value e T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
/rfTemperatureSupe
rvision
CB006293 Test outcome testOutcome MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

CB006293 Test outcome testOutcomeAddi MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

additional tionalInfo T/RFSTATREQ/RFSTATRES
information
CB006293 Uptime uptime MRBTS/MNL/MNLENT/TES

LTE1634 RFTHLD instance rfThldId MRBTS/

identifier MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 Band RF test bandRfTestThres MRBTS/

thresholds holds MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 Band class bandClass MRBTS/

MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD/bandRfTestThres
holds
LTE1634 Total RF power totalRFPowerHig MRBTS/

high threshold hThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD/bandRfTestThres
holds


Feature
LTE1634 Total RF power totalRFPowerLow MRBTS/

low threshold Threshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD/bandRfTestThres
holds
CB006293 RF temperature rfTemperatureHi MRBTS/

high threshold ghThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
CB006293 RF temperature rfTemperatureLo MRBTS/

low threshold wThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 RF test rfThldId MRBTS/

threshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
identifier LD
LTE1634 RF Power error rFPowerErrorHig MRBTS/

high threshold hThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 RF Power error rFPowerErrorLow MRBTS/

low threshold Threshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
5GC000956 High RSSI rxAntennaRSSIHi MRBTS/

threshold ghThr eshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
5GC000956 Low RSSI rxAntennaRSSILo MRBTS/

threshold wThr eshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 RTWP high rxAntennaRTWPHi MRBTS/

threshold ghThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 RTWP low rxAntennaRTWPLo MRBTS/

threshold wThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD
LTE1634 TX antenna VSWR txAntennaVSWRHi MRBTS/

high threshold ghThreshold MNL/MNLENT/TEST/RFTH
LD


9. Activating and deactivating RF performance
measurements and monitoring
Instructions to activate or deactivate RF performance measurements and monitoring in
the network
Before you start
See Configuring features with Web Element Manager for general management tool
instructions.
9.1 Activating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM

Instructions to activate RF Diagnostic Test, by enabling feature activation flag.
Before you start
This instructions cover only enabling RF Diagnostic Test. For more information on starting
the RF Diagnostic Test, see RF Diagnostic Test.
The activation procedure doesn't cause any downtime, and the feature can be activated at
any time of the day.
Procedure
1 Go to Parameter Editor.
Select from the available options:

Go to Configuration ► Configuration Management ► Parameter
Editor.
Use the PE keyboard shortcut.
Click the Parameter Editor icon in the top menu.
2 Go to the FEATCADM object.
Object path: MRBTS ► MNL ► MNLENT ► FEATCADM
3 Set the Active remote RF diagnostic test (actRemoteRfDiag) parameter

value to true.


9.2 Activating PIM Desensitization using WebEM
The PIM Desensitization is introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing
feature.
Before you start
any time of the day. However, downtime occurs when the BTS is put in a test mode to run
the diagnostics.
Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Activate PIM testing (actPimTesting) parameter value to true.
9.3 Activating DTP using WebEM

The Distance to PIM (DTP) test is introduced by the LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing
feature.
Before you start
the diagnostics.


Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Activate DTP testing (actDtPim) parameter value to true.
9.4 Activating RF scanning using WebEM

Instructions to activate RF scanning using Web Element Manager
Before you start
the diagnostics.
Procedure

Editor.


3 Set the Activate RFI testing (actRfiTesting) parameter value to true.
9.5 Deactivating RF Diagnostic Test using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate RF Diagnostic Test, by disabling feature activation flag.
Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Active remote RF diagnostic test (actRemoteRfDiag) parameter

value to false.
9.6 Deactivating PIM Desensitization using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the PIM Desensitization test, which is introduced by the
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature
Procedure

Editor.


3 Set the Activate PIM testing (actPimTesting) parameter value to false.
9.7 Deactivating DTP using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the Distance to PIM (DTP) test, which is introduced by the
LTE4504/SR001155: BTS RX-Sniffing feature.
Procedure

Editor.
3 Set the Activate DTP testing (actDtPim) parameter value to false.
9.8 Deactivating RF scanning using WebEM

Instructions to deactivate the RF scanning feature using Web Element Manager
Before you start
The deactivation procedure doesn't cause any downtime, and the feature can be
deactivated at any time of the day.
Procedure


Editor.
3 Set the Activate RFI testing (actRfiTesting) parameter value to false.


10. Reset to Test Dedicated State
Reset to Test Dedicated State sets the site to a test dedicated state in order to
perform tests.
Access to Reset to Test Dedicated State view: Diagnostic ► Reset to Test

Dedicated State
To perform tests such as LTE Uplink, LTE Downlink, WCDMA Uplink and WCDMA Downlink, the
Execute procedure must be run first. It causes the site to reset to the Test Dedicated
State. While in the Test Dedicated State, the site is treated as Blocked.
While the site is in Test Dedicated State, the icon is displayed in the BTS site
information area.
Figure 2: BTS site information
To leave the Test Dedicated State reset the BTS.


11. Triggering RF diagnostic test
Instructions to configure and trigger a radio frequency (RF) diagnostic test
Before you start
See Configuring Features with Web Element Manager for general management tool
instructions.
Make sure the BTS is commissioned and operational.
Make sure BTS elements are detected and configured.
Make sure the technology under test (4G or 5G) is in on Air state or BTS is in a test-
dedicated state (only for measurements introduced with the LTE1634 feature).
Procedure
1 Go to Test Setup.
Go to Diagnostic ► RF Diagnostic Test ► Test Setup.
2 Fill in the thresholds.
RF diagnostic test requires the following thresholds:

RF power error high threshold
RF power error low threshold
Received total wideband power (RTWP) high threshold
RTWP low threshold
High received signal strength indicator (RSSI) threshold (for 5G only)
Low RSSI threshold (for 5G only)
RF temperature high threshold
RF temperature low threshold
TX antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) high threshold


3 Optional:
Set thresholds for LTE bands.
4 Click the Save Thresholds button to send the thresholds to the BTS.


5 Make sure that the Activate remote RF diagnostic test checkbox is marked.
6 Mark LTE or NR radio button under Technology.
7 Select cells for testing from the Start test for cell(s) drop-down list.


8 Click the Start RF Diagnostic Test button.
Result
You can see the results of RF diagnostic test in the RF Diagnostic Test Results tab.
The following information is available:
General test information:

BTS test start time
BTS test stop time
Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) (dB) (for 5G only)
Result
Outcome
Forward test disposition
Reverse test disposition
Detailed results for each antenna:
Antenna/Port
Radio module
VSWR
RTWP (dBm)
Forward total transmit RF power (dBm/W) (for 4G only)
Forward expected transmit RF power (dBm/W)
Forward transmit RF power error (dB)
Additionally you can check RSSI value using the RFRES Reverse RSSI (rssi) parameter.


12. Triggering RF statistics diagnostic test
Instructions to configure and trigger a radio frequency (RF) statistics diagnostic test
Before you start
instructions.
Make sure the BTS is commissioned and operational
Make sure BTS elements are detected and configured.
Make sure the technology under test (4G or 5G) is in on Air state.
Leave the RFSTATREQ Target Radio Module test identifier (targetRMOdId)
parameter not configured or set to the -1 value to test all radio modules.
Procedure
1 Go to Test Setup.
Go to Diagnostic ► RF Diagnostic Test ► Test Setup.
2 Fill in the thresholds.
RF diagnostic test requires the following thresholds:

RF power error high threshold
RF power error low threshold
Received total wideband power (RTWP) high threshold
RTWP low threshold
High received signal strength indicator (RSSI) threshold (for 5G only)
Low RSSI threshold (for 5G only)
RF temperature high threshold
RF temperature low threshold
TX antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) high threshold


3 Click the Save Thresholds button to send the thresholds to the BTS.
4 Make sure that the Activate remote RF diagnostic test checkbox is marked.
5 Select radio units (RUs) for testing from the Start test for radio(s) drop-


down list.
6 Click the Start Statistics Diagnostic Test button.
Result
You can see the results of RF diagnostic test in the RF Diagnostic Test Results tab.
The following information is available:
General test information:

BTS test start time
BTS test stop time
Result
Outcome
Uptime (sec)
RF temperature supervision:
Sensor name


Temperature value (°C)
RF Ethernet packet monitoring:
Port
Start time GMT +0100
Received errored frames
Received frames
Received multicast frames
Received octets
Received unknown type frames
Received unknown Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) frames
Transmitted frames
Transmitted multicast frames
Transmitted octets


13. Triggering antenna line online monitoring using
WebEM
Instructions to trigger the antenna online monitoring functionality in the network using
WebEM
Before you start
instructions.
The BTS with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) or Enhanced Common Public Radio
Interface (eCPRI) radio units (RUs) is commissioned and operational.
The RUs utilize antenna lines or external antenna arrays connected through antenna
lines.
5G cells are configured on CPRI or eCPRI RUs and are operational.
Procedure
1 Go to Diagnostics tab in WebEM.
2 Choose the Antenna Line Online Monitoring option from the list.
3 Select antenna lines and press the Start button.
Step example


Figure:
Result
The BTS retrieves the antenna line online monitoring results of voltage standing wave ratio
from the RU. Additionally, the BTS retrieves the values of the received signal strength
indicator, total wideband power and TX power from the control plane. You can see the
results displayed in the Monitored values (PC time used) section in WebEM. After
terminating the monitoring, you can save the results in a .csv file.


14. Triggering antenna line online monitoring with WebEM
Remote Tool
Instructions to trigger the antenna online monitoring functionality in the network using
the command-line interface (CLI) used in WebEM Remote Tool.
Before you start
instructions.
The BTS with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) or Enhanced Common Public Radio
Interface (eCPRI) radio units (RUs) is commissioned and operational.
The RUs utilize antenna lines or external antenna arrays connected through antenna
lines.
5G cells are configured on CPRI or eCPRI RUs and are operational.
The WebEM Remote Tool has been downoladed from the Support Portal.
CLI commands need to be activated. You can do this by setting the FEATCADM
Activate CLI (actCLI) parameter to true in WebEM. For a detailed procedure, see
Operating Documentation/Single RAN System/WebEM Remote Tool/Activating WebEM
Remote Tool in WebEM.
Procedure
1 Open WebEM Remote Tool.
2 Run the startANTLOnlineMonitoring command relevant for your operating

system.
Note:
For a relevant command, see Operating Documentation/Single RAN

System/WebEM Remote Tool/startANTLOnlineMonitoring.
Result
The BTS retrieves the antenna line online monitoring results of voltage standing wave ratio
from the RU. Additionally, the BTS retrieves the monitored values of the received signal
strength indicator, total wideband power and TX power from the control plane. After


terminating the monitoring, you can access and download a .json file where the results are
stored.


15. Viewing RF monitoring results using RF Monitoring tool
The RF monitoring tests are executed using WebEM, however the results can be visualized
using a standalone, separate tool called RF Monitor.
Before you start
The RF Monitor tool is available together with the BTS software and requires an
installation on a local PC. It is launched in a web browser, similarly to WebEM. Before
launching RF Monitor, make sure you have MatLab Runtime R2015a installed (in the
same version, 32-bit or 64-bit, as RF Monitor). It can be downloaded from:
https://www.mathworks.com/products/compiler/matlab-runtime.html
Procedure
1 Start RF Monitor, using the desktop shortcut.
Step result
A notification informs you that RF monitoring is starting, and a new web browser page
opens. If that does not happen, type http://localhost:8090 in the browser to
launch RF Monitor manually.
2 Load the RF monitoring test result using Load New File.
The files must first be generated by the WebEM RF monitoring functionality. It is

possible to load several files.
Step result


Figure 3: RF Monitor
3 Click on a visualization result to see it.
Step result
The test results are presented in an interactive, graphical form. It is also possible to
save or print the graph.
Figure 4: Test results representation


16. Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring
tool
Instructions to perform PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool
Procedure
1 Open WebEM.
2 Go to Diagnostic ► RF Monitoring ► PIM Desensitization.
3 Click the Export Data for PIM Simulation button.
4 Open the RF Monitor tool.
5 Go to the Simulation tab.
6 Set the configuration for the test.
6.1 Load file exported from WebEM.
6.2 Select antenna to be simulated.
6.3 Choose intermodulation values.
Note:
Manually choose DL carriers, bandwidth (MHz) and EARFCN, or UARFCN, or

NRARFCN to simulate own values.


Figure 5: Example of simulation test configuration
7 Click the Simulate button.
Result
Intermodulation distribution over frequency is finished without any errors. Two figures are
created: a frequency schematic plot and a frequency spectrum plot.


Figure 6: Example of PIM simulation results


17. Verifying RF performance measurements and
monitoring
Instructions to verify if the RF performance measurements and monitoring has been
correctly activated and configured
17.1 Verifying PIM desensitization

Instructions to configure and perform a PIM desensitization test
Ensure the following:

PIM desensitization is activated.
Make sure that the FEATCADM Activate PIM testing (actPimTesting) parameter
value is set to true.
The BTS is in test-dedicated state.
SBTS with FDD-LTE or WCDMA or both cells on air.
Antenna with at least a TX carrier in two cells and an RX carrier in one cell defined on the
radio.
Note:
If any of the requirements isn't met, you see the following information:
Desensitization test cannot be started because:
- BTS needs to have an antenna which has at least TX carrier in two cells and
RX carrier in one cell defined on the radio module that support this test.
- feature is not activated in BTS. Activation can be done in Feature Activation
page of the commissioning wizard.
- BTS needs to be in test dedicated state.
Procedure


2.1 Select the RAT.
2.2 Select the antenna to be tested.
2.3 Select two cells for DL.
2.4 Set the power for each DL cell.
Figure 7: PIM desensitization test settings
3 Click the Start button.
Result
A ZIP file with the test results is downloaded and saved.


17.2 Verifying DTP
Instructions to configure and perform a Distance to PIM (DTP) test

Distance to PIM is activated.
Make sure that the FEATCADM Activate DTP testing (actDtPim) parameter value
is set to true.
The BTS is in-test dedicated state.
SBTS with FDD-LTE or WCDMA or both cells on air.
Antenna with at least a TX carrier in two cells and an RX carrier in one cell defined on the
radio.
Cells to be tested with 10 MHz bandwidth.
Procedure
2.1 Select the antenna to be tested.
2.2 Select two cells for DL.
2.3 Set the maximum output power.
2.4 Set the velocity factor of the cable to the antenna.
2.5 Set the cable length.


Figure 8: DTP test settings
Result
17.3 Verifying RF scanning

Instructions to configure and perform RF scanning

RF scanning is activated.
Make sure that the FEATCADM Activate RFI testing (actRfiTesting) parameter
value is set to true.
SBTS with deployed NR, FDD LTE and/or WCDMA cells is on air.
Procedure
1 Go to Diagnostic ► RF Monitoring ► RF Scan.


2.1 Select the RAT.
2.2 Select the radio.
2.3 Select capture type (only supported capture types are shown).
Composite Rx (HBF0) - for spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of

combined RX signal with power level correction
Raw Composite Rx (RxADC) - for spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum
of combined real RX signal
Carrier Rx (FIR9) - for spectral monitoring of the UL spectrum of one RX
carrier signal
2.4 Select the antenna for tests.
The All Antennas option is supported only for radios introduced by

SR002227 and is impossible to execute in the Carrier Rx test.
Note:
There cannot be any cells configured on antenna four in case of choosing

the All Antennas or ANT 4 option for testing the AHEGA radio.
2.6 For Carrier Rx (FIR9) capture type select the local cell.
Figure 9: RF scanning test settings


Result
17.4 5GC000956 and CB007885 verifying RF diagnostic

test
Steps to verify if the RF diagnostic test triggered from Web Element Manager (WebEM) is
correctly performed
You need an operational gNB with at least one radio unit (RU) and one cell On air.
Before you start
Make sure that:

the RF diagnostics thresholds are configured and the 5GC000956: Remote RU-
Diagnostics for gNB and CB007885: Remote RU-Diagnostics for gNB for Scorpio RU
features are activated.
old test requests are removed.
Procedure
1 Create a configuration plan containing the RFREQ object.
Object path: MRBTS ► MNL ► MNLENT ► TEST ► RFREQ
2 Choose a cell for test.
2.1 Choose the type of the cell for test.
Set the Target cell type for the test (targetCellType) parameter
to NR to test an NRCELL.
Object path: MRBTS ► MNL ► MNLENT ► TEST ► RFREQ
2.2 Set the targetCellId to the desired value.
Set the Target cell test identifier (targetCellId) parameter to the


ID of a tested cell, or leave the parameter value not configured to test all the
cells.
3 Click Validate Plan, and then Activate Plan.
Result
1. The BTS runs the RF test for the specified cells.
2. The BTS collects the following RF diagnostic measurements from the RUs for each cell
requested in the scope of the test:
TX antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) per antenna line
Forward total transmit RF power (TTP) per antenna line or per physical antenna1) for
non-5G RUs
Forward expected transmit RF power (ETP) per cell
Reverse received total wideband power (RTWP) per carrier or per physical antenna1)
RF power error as the delta between forward TTP and the sum of all forward ETP per
antenna line or per physical antenna1) for non-5G RUs

Reverse received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value per carrier or per physical
antenna1)
3. The BTS calculates the forward and reverse test disposition values by comparing the RF
diagnostic threshold values to the retrieved measurement/calculated values:
Forward test disposition:
When all forward-retrieved measurements and calculated values fall within the
threshold values, the forward test disposition is set to pass.
Note:
The forward measurements and calculated values that could not be retrieved
are ignored when calculating the test disposition.
When one or more forward retrieved measurements and calculated values do not
fall within the threshold values, the forward test disposition is set to fail.
Note:
The forward measurements and calculated values that could not be retrieved
are ignored when calculating the test disposition.
When no forward measurements or calculated values were retrieved, the forward


test disposition is set to pass.
Reverse test disposition:
When all reverse measurements falls within the threshold values, the reverse test
disposition is set to pass.
When one or more reverse measurements does not fall within the threshold values,
the reverse test disposition is set to fail.
When no reverse measurement values were retrieved, the reverse test disposition
is set to pass.
Note:
TTP measurements are not executed for 5G radio units. The TTP threshold
values are stored per band class. Use them only when the TTP measurement is
available. For the thresholds that apply to the tested cell, the NRCELL
freqBandIndicatorNR parameter of the cell is mapped to a band class.
4. The BTS creates an RFRES instance for each cell in the scope of the test and sets the
following values:
The rfResId parameter is set to the value for the tested cell (NRCELL nrCellId).
Actual start time (the time the BTS received the test request) in UTC time.
Actual stop time (the time the BTS completed the test) in epoch UTC time.
Forward test disposition.
Reverse test disposition.
When the forward test disposition and reverse test disposition are both pass, the
testOutcome parameter is set to pass, otherwise testOutcome is set to fail.
For each antenna line or physical antenna1) associated with the cell:
TX antenna VSWR
Reverse RTWP
Forward TTP in Watt for non-5G RUs
Forward TTP in dBm for non-5G RUs
Forward ETP in Watt
Forward ETP in dBm
Forward transmit RF power error in dBm for non-5G RUs
Reverse RSSI value in dBm
5. The BTS stores the newly created RFRES instances in its site commissioning data, which
is synchronized with WebEM, and sends configuration change notification to a network
management system (NMS).
6. You can see the RF diagnostic test results.


Postrequisites
The RFRES instances are available after validating and activating the configuration plan.
1)
For RUs with antenna connectors, results are aggregated and reported per antenna line.
For RUs with array antennas, results are aggregated and reported per physical antenna.


RF performance measurements and monitoring glossary
command-line interface A text-based user interface used to run programs, manage files and
(CLI) interact with the hardware. CLIs accept input commands entered by
keyboard that are later run by the hardware.
effective isotropic radiated Transmitted power multiplied by the antenna gain referenced to an
power (EIRP) ideal isotropic radiator.
voltage standing wave A ratio of maximum to minimum voltage in the standing wave
ratio (VSWR) pattern that appears along a transmission line. It is used as a
measure of impedance mismatch between the transmission line and
its load.
received total wideband A radio link performance indicator that reflects the total noise level
power (RTWP) within the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
frequency band in one cell.
received signal strength Signal strength indicator that provides radio carrier signal level.
indicator (RSSI)
passive intermodulation An unwanted signal (or signals) generated by the nonlinear mixing of
(PIM) distortion two or more frequencies in a passive (or linear) device, such as a
connector or cable.
distance to passive Identification of the location of passive intermodulation (PIM) faults

intermodulation (DTP) both inside the feed system as well as beyond the antenna.
radio frequency Electromagnetic disturbance in the radio frequency range.

interference (RFI)
radio frequency scanning Capturing the RF signal across the whole UL supported by a radio
(wideband RF signal waveform).
signal-to-interference- A ratio that provides information on how strong the desired signal is
plus-noise ratio (SINR) compared, to the interference and noise.


non-linear junction A junction (for example p-n junction) that has a nonlinear current-
voltage characteristic.
noise floor The measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise
sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system, where
noise is defined as any signal other than the one being monitored.

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2 © 2023 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information Issue 08A

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RF performance measurements and monitoring summary of changes ............................... 7

1 RF performance measurements and monitoring overview and benefits ............................. 9

2 RF performance measurements and monitoring requirements ......................................... 11

3 RF performance measurements and monitoring system impact ....................................... 13

4 RF diagnostic test and RF statistics diagnostic test .............................................................. 15

5 PIM measurements ..................................................................................................................... 21

7 Antenna line online monitoring overview ................................................................................ 25

8 RF performance measurements and monitoring reference data ....................................... 28

9 Activating and deactivating RF performance measurements and monitoring ................. 36

10 Reset to Test Dedicated State ............................................................................................... 42

11 Triggering RF diagnostic test .................................................................................................. 43

12 Triggering RF statistics diagnostic test ................................................................................. 47

13 Triggering antenna line online monitoring using WebEM ................................................... 51

15 Viewing RF monitoring results using RF Monitoring tool .................................................... 55

16 Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool ................................................. 57

17 Verifying RF performance measurements and monitoring ............................................... 60

Issue 08A. © 2023 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 3

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RF performance measurements and monitoring glossary ................................................... 69

4 © 2023 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information Issue 08A

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Changes between issues 08 (2022-11-08, 23R1) and 08A (2023-01-19,

A note on the 5G RF scan-supported radios has been added.

5GC000956 and CB007885 verifying RF diagnostic test

The steps have been updated.

Triggering RF statistics diagnostic test

The Before you start section has been updated.

Changes between issues 07 (2022-08-09, 22R4) and 08 (2022-11-08,

A note on the AHEGA radio has been added.

Changes between issues 06 (2022-05-17, 22R3) and 07 (2022-08-09,

Issue 08A. © 2023 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information 7

Use subject to agreed restrictions on disclosure and use.

No further reproduction or networking is permitted. Distributed by Nokia.

A note on the AHEGA radio has been added.

Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool

The steps have been updated.

The steps have been updated.

Performing PIM simulation test using RF Monitoring tool

The steps have been updated.

The steps have been updated.

8 © 2023 Nokia. Nokia Confidential Information Issue 08A

Use subject to agreed restrictions on disclosure and use.

No further reproduction or networking is permitted. Distributed by Nokia.

LTE1634: Remote RF Diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio

LTE4504/SR001155: BTS Rx-Sniffing

LTE5254/SR002227: RF-Scan Support for AirScale 2.0 Radios