GRADE 9 POINTERS TO REVIEW FOR 4TH GRADING FINALS

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

MECHANICAL ENERGY

 Is the energy associated with motion.

 All objects with the potential to move have mechanical energy.

2 types of Mechanical Energy

1. Kinetic Energy – is the mechanical energy that is being used in the form of motion.
2. Potential Energy – is the mechanical energy that is stored in objects with potential to move.

POTENTIAL ENERGY
2 Types
GRAVITATIONAL ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
POTENTIAL
ENERGY - is the energy associated with an object’s
- Is the energy associated with an object’s potential potential to move due to deformations
to move due to its position from the ground. in an elastic object.
- It is measured in Joules or J as a unit for energy - It is measured in Joules or J as a unit for energy

FORMULA in Solving Gravitational Potential Energy FORMULA in Solving Elastic Potential Energy
PEgravity = mgh PEelastic = ½ kx2
Where: Where:
PEgravity = gravitational potential energy of an object in PEelastic = elastic potential energy
reference to the ground K= force constant of the spring
m = mass of the object X = length of deformation ( compression or
g= 9.8 m/s2 stretching )
h = height of the object from the ground

KINETIC ENERGY
- Is the mechanical energy associated with motion.
- Fast-moving objects have greater kinetic energy. Objects that have greater mass have greater kinetic energy.
FORMULA in Solving Kinetic Energy
KE = 1/2mv2
Conservation of Mechanical Energy – energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted
from one form to another.

FORMULA in Solving Final Kinetic Energy FORMULA in Solving Final Speed

2
mghinitial – mghfinal = KEfinal ½ m (vinitial) √ 2 KE final = vfinal
m
MOMENTUM IMPULSE
- Is the inertia of an object in motion. It - describes how much an
describes how hard it is to stop an object from moving. object has changed
its momentum
FORMULA in Solving Momentum FORMULA in Solving Impulse
p=mv J = mvfinal - mvinitial
where: where:
p= momentum of an object J = impulse of the object
m= mass of an object mv final = final momentum
v= velocity of an object mv initial = initial momentum
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
FORMULA in Solving Force in FORMULA in Solving Final Velocity in
impulse and momentum theorem impulse and momentum theorem
mvfinal - mvinitial Ft + mvinitial
F= = V final
T m