Unit 4: Writing the Review of Related Literature

Lesson 4
Ethical Standards in Writing a
Literature Review

Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Why ethical
standards are
important in
doing literature
review?

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Learning
Objective Discuss ethical standards in writing
a literature review.
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:

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Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review

Ethics is a philosophical branch that focuses

on questioning the right and wrong ways of
human behavior.

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Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review

Ethical standards
explain the “right”
actions that must be
observed and the
“wrong” actions that
must be avoided.

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 Plagiarism

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 Plagiarism

Plagiarism refers to the “act of copying or

using works from another person and
presenting it as your own.”

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 Types of Plagiarism

Direct Plagiarism

This type of
plagiarism happens
when the
researcher directly
copied and pasted
content without
revision and proper
attribution.

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 Types of Plagiarism

Inadequate
Direct Plagiarism
paraphrasing

This type of This typically happens

plagiarism happens when the researcher
when the tries to paraphrase the
researcher directly content by simply
copied and pasted replacing selected
content without words in the
revision and proper sentences with
attribution. synonyms or other
interchangeable
words.
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 Types of Plagiarism

Inadequate
Direct Plagiarism Self-plagiarism
paraphrasing

This type of This typically happens This type of

plagiarism happens when the researcher plagiarism often
when the tries to paraphrase the happens when the
researcher directly content by simply researcher lifts the
copied and pasted replacing selected contents of his/her
content without words in the previous work and
revision and proper sentences with places them in the
attribution. synonyms or other current work.
interchangeable
words.
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 Types of Plagiarism

Inadequate
Direct Plagiarism Self-plagiarism Incomplete citations
paraphrasing

This type of This typically happens This type of plagiarism Committed when:
plagiarism happens when the researcher often happens when
when the tries to paraphrase the researcher lifts the ● Incomplete
researcher directly the content by simply contents of his/her citation details
copied and pasted replacing selected previous work and ● Giving false
content without words in the places them in the information
revision and proper sentences with current work. ● Fabricating
attribution. synonyms or other citation details
interchangeable
words.
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 Avoiding Plagiarism

To do proper citation is to include in-text

citations within the body of the research paper
and providing a complete list of references.

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 Avoid Recycled Materials

To recycle previous work is to incorporate it into

the current project without proper attribution
and a disclaimer that the ideas already exist in a
previous work.

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 Summarize and Paraphrase Contents

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 Summarize and Paraphrase Contents

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 Avoid Incomplete Citations

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Remember

Plagiarism affects the credibility

of the research project and the
researchers themselves. These
unethical practices through the
different forms of plagiarism may
also have serious and legal
implications.
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 Wrap Up

Ethics focuses on the “right” and “wrong”

ways of human behavior.

Ethics in research must be observed in

order to maintain the credibility of the
research project and the researchers.

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 Wrap Up

Plagiarism is the most common unethical

practice that must be avoided when writing
a literature review.

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Wrap Up

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 Bibliography
Cargill, Margaret, and Patrick O'Connor. Writing Scientific Research Articles.
Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods

Approaches, 3rd ed. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.

Hart, Chris. Doing a Literature Review. London: Sage Publications, 1998.

Hillway, Tyrus. Introduction to Research. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.

O’Leary, Zina. The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: SAGE Publications
Ltd., 2004.

Vanderstoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday
Life: Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass., 2009.

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