Unit 4: Writing the Review of Related Literature

Lesson 5
Ethical Standards in Writing a
Literature Review

Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Why ethical
standards are
important in
doing literature
review?

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Learning
Objective Discuss ethical standards in writing
a literature review.
At the end of the
lesson, you should be
able to do the
following:

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 Activity

1. What are the do’s of research?

2. What are the dont’s of research?

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Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review

Ethics is a philosophical branch that focuses

on questioning the right and wrong ways of
human behavior.

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Ethical Standards in Writing the Literature Review

Ethical standards
explain the “right”
actions that must be
observed and the
“wrong” actions that
must be avoided.

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 Plagiarism

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 Plagiarism

Plagiarism refers to the “act of copying or

using works from another person and
presenting it as your own.”

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 Types of Plagiarism

Direct Plagiarism

This type of
plagiarism happens
when the researcher
directly copied and
pasted content
without revision and
proper attribution.

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 Types of Plagiarism

Inadequate
Direct Plagiarism
paraphrasing

This type of This typically happens

plagiarism happens when the researcher tries
when the researcher to paraphrase the content
directly copied and by simply replacing
pasted content selected words in the
without revision and sentences with synonyms
proper attribution. or other interchangeable
words.

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 Types of Plagiarism

Inadequate
Direct Plagiarism Self-plagiarism
paraphrasing

This type of This typically happens This type of plagiarism

plagiarism happens when the researcher tries often happens when the
when the researcher to paraphrase the content researcher lifts the
directly copied and by simply replacing contents of his/her
pasted content selected words in the previous work and
without revision and sentences with places them in the
proper attribution. synonyms or other current work.
interchangeable words.

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 Types of Plagiarism

Inadequate
Direct Plagiarism Self-plagiarism Incomplete citations
paraphrasing

This type of This typically happens This type of plagiarism Committed when:
plagiarism happens when the researcher often happens when the
when the researcher tries to paraphrase the researcher lifts the ● Incomplete
directly copied and content by simply contents of his/her citation details
pasted content replacing selected previous work and places ● Giving false
without revision and words in the sentences them in the current work. information
proper attribution. with synonyms or other ● Fabricating
interchangeable words. citation details

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 Avoiding Plagiarism

To do proper citation is to include in-text

citations within the body of the research paper
and providing a complete list of references.

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 Avoid Recycled Materials

To recycle previous work is to incorporate it into

the current project without proper attribution
and a disclaimer that the ideas already exist in a
previous work.

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 Summarize and Paraphrase Contents

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 Summarize and Paraphrase Contents

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 Avoid Incomplete Citations

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Remember

Plagiarism affects the credibility

of the research project and the
researchers themselves. These
unethical practices through the
different forms of plagiarism may
also have serious and legal
implications.
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 Using one of your previous outputs,
Let’s check whether the output was able
Practice! to avoid plagiarism.

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 Quick Check

What is direct plagiarism?

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 Quick Check

What is self-plagiarism?

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 Quick Check

How is summarizing and paraphrasing important

in avoiding plagiarism?

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 Wrap Up

Ethics focuses on the “right” and “wrong”

ways of human behavior.

Ethics in research must be observed in

order to maintain the credibility of the
research project and the researchers.

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 Wrap Up

Plagiarism is the most common unethical

practice that must be avoided when writing
a literature review.

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Wrap Up

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 Bibliography
Cargill, Margaret, and Patrick O'Connor. Writing Scientific Research Articles.
Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods

Approaches, 3rd ed. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.

Hart, Chris. Doing a Literature Review. London: Sage Publications, 1998.

Hillway, Tyrus. Introduction to Research. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.

O’Leary, Zina. The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: SAGE Publications
Ltd., 2004.

Vanderstoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday
Life: Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass., 2009.

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